American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics最新文献

{"title":"Absorption and desorption dynamics of thermoformed and 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic aligners","authors":"Luka Šimunović ,&nbsp;Ana Marija Miličević ,&nbsp;Luka Brenko ,&nbsp;Tatjana Haramina ,&nbsp;Senka Meštrović","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span>The mechanical performance and fit of orthodontic </span>aligners are influenced by their interaction with moisture in the oral environment. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the water absorption, desorption kinetics, and diffusion behavior of thermoformed (Invisalign [Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif] and ClearCorrect [Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland]) and 3-dimensional (3D)-printed (Tera Harz TC-85, Clear A; Graphy Inc, Seoul, South Korea) orthodontic aligners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two aligners were divided by brand and fabrication method. The samples were immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 14 days and weighed daily. Desorption was measured at hourly intervals for 8 hours and once at 24 hours after removal from immersion. Diffusion kinetics were modeled using log-log transformed data and linear regression<span> based on the Fickian diffusion theory.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All materials followed Fickian diffusion profiles. Thermoformed aligners showed significantly higher water absorption than 3D-printed aligners by day 14 (4.91% for Invisalign vs 2.76% for Clear A; <em>P</em> &lt;0.001). Invisalign also exhibited the highest diffusion slope (k = 0.74) and the fastest desorption (93.7% in the first hour). Three-dimensional-printed aligners displayed slower early desorption but reached comparable release at 24 hours. A strong correlation was observed between water absorption and early desorption (<em>r</em> = 0.903; <em>P</em> &lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The aligner fabrication method and material composition significantly affected the moisture kinetics. Thermoformed aligners, especially those with outer thermoplastic<span> polyurethane layers, demonstrate greater and faster water interactions, whereas 3D-printed aligners offer lower overall uptake but delayed release. These differences may influence the aligner fit and performance in clinical settings.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 4","pages":"Pages 466-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of planned root torque changes of instanding maxillary lateral incisors with the Invisalign appliance","authors":"Zahraa Albarki,&nbsp;Tony Weir,&nbsp;Maurice J. Meade","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the efficacy of planned root torque changes of instanding maxillary lateral incisors (IMLIs) in patients treated with an initial series of Invisalign aligners (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pretreatment digital models and digital models representing the planned and achieved treatment outcomes of adult patients prescribed an initial series of Invisalign aligners were measured using Geomagic Control X (version 2017.0.3; 3D systems, Rock Hill, NC). The type of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) that was planned and achieved was assessed using the center of rotation as a reference point.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A sample of 65 patients with 95 IMLIs satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean accuracy of the planned root torque change of the IMLIs was 78.9%. Palatal root torque was planned for most (82.1%) IMLIs. The accuracy of root torque expression differed according to whether planned changes were in a palatal or labial direction. Planned palatal torque changes showed a higher level of accuracy. Linear regression analysis indicated that age, sex, presence of an attachment, and type of attachment did not influence the accuracy of root torque expression (<em>P</em> &gt;0.05), whereas planned anteroposterior movement of the IMLI crown did (<em>P</em> &lt;0.01). The most frequently achieved OTM was uncontrolled tipping (54.7%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The achieved root torque in IMLIs with an initial series of Invisalign differed significantly from that planned. The amount of anteroposterior movement was significantly related to the efficacy in achieving the planned root torque.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 3","pages":"Pages 367-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical effects of different initial posterior inclinations during extraction space closure with clear aligners: A finite element analysis","authors":"Yiru Jiang ,&nbsp;Jue Wang ,&nbsp;Lingling Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span>This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different initial mesiodistal inclinations of posterior teeth during extraction space closure using clear </span>aligner treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three different finite element models were developed for first premolar extractions, each representing different initial mesiodistal inclinations of the posterior teeth: model 1 with 15° mesial inclination, model 2 with upright posterior teeth, and model 3 with 10° distal inclination. A total of 12 en-masse retraction aligner models with varying posterior antitipping designs (0°, 1°, 2°, and 3°) were constructed to simulate space closure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>From models 1 to 3: Sagittally, posterior teeth increased mesial crown movement but decreased distal root movement; vertically, posterior teeth reduced crown intrusion but enhanced root intrusion; the posterior rotation center shifted distally and apically. Horizontally, model 3 indicated the greatest mesiolingual rotation of posterior teeth across all models. For anterior teeth, model 1 exhibited the most </span>incisor retraction and lingual tipping, whereas model 3 displayed the least incisor retraction and lingual tipping. In addition, the progressive posterior antitipping design gradually diminished both the mesial tipping of posterior teeth and the lingual tipping of anterior teeth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Different mesiodistal inclinations of posterior teeth had various biomechanical effects in 3 dimensions during space closure. Careful consideration should be given to the mesiodistal angulation of posterior teeth during extraction space closure with aligners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 4","pages":"Pages 423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related difference in self-reported pain intensity at early stages of orthodontic treatment with multibracket fixed appliances, clear aligners, and interproximal elastic separators: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Linda Sangalli ,&nbsp;Brett Turek ,&nbsp;Alberto Herrero Babiloni ,&nbsp;Anna Alessandri-Bonetti ,&nbsp;Cayla Robinson ,&nbsp;Fabio Savoldi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sex dimorphism in pain has been suggested in medicine and demonstrated in oral disease prevalence. However, contradictory findings are present regarding orthodontic pain perception. This study summarized sex-related differences in pain perception in healthy patients during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment and systematically explored sex-based analysis in orthodontic pain literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, DOSS, Web of Science, Cochrane’s Database of Systematic Reviews, and CENTRAL) and gray literature were systematically searched in November 2023 for original prospective studies in healthy humans and published in the English language that analyzed sex-related differences in pain intensity within 1 week of application of multibracket fixed appliance, clear aligners, or interproximal elastic separators. Quality assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Sex-related differences were extracted at 24 hours and day 7. The meta-analysis summarized the standardized mean difference, with the quality of evidence evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search retrieved 12,750 articles; 5961 were screened, and 284 were selected for full-text review. Forty studies (2999 participants; 57.0% females) were included. Study quality was good (82.5%) and fair (17.5%). At 24 hours, 77.3% did not reveal sex-related differences in pain perception, whereas 15.9% and 6.8% suggested significantly higher female and male predilection, respectively. At day 7, 79.3% did not observe significant differences, whereas 20.7% supported higher pain intensity among females. The meta-analysis (n = 7) indicated no significant sex-related difference (pooled effect size between −0.34 [95% confidence interval {CI}, −0.82 to 0.14] and 0.33 [95% CI, −0.77 to 1.43]), except for interproximal elastics at day 7 among females (effect size −0.49 [95% CI −0.80 to −0.18]). The certainty of the evidence was low to moderate. Despite a rise in publications on orthodontic pain assessment, few studies provided sex-based analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most studies did not find significant sex-related differences in pain perception during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. Sex-based analysis was rarely conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 2","pages":"Pages 130-158.e17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information from digital and human sources: A comparison of chatbot and clinician responses to orthodontic questions","authors":"Ufuk Metin,&nbsp;Merve Goymen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate whether artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots can be used as reliable adjunct tools in orthodontic practice by evaluating chatbot responses and comparing them to those of clinicians with varying levels of knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Large language model-based chatbots (ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3.5 Sonnet) and clinicians (dental students, general dentists, and orthodontists; n = 30) were included. The groups were asked 40 true and false questions, and the accuracy rate for each question was assessed by comparing it to the predetermined answer key. The total score was converted into a percentage. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison tests were used to compare accuracy rates. The consistency of the answers given by chatbots at 3 different times was assessed by Cronbach α.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The accuracy ratio scores for students were significantly lower than Microsoft Copilot (<em>P</em> = 0.029), Claude 3.5 Sonnet (<em>P</em> = 0.023), ChatGPT-4o (<em>P</em> = 0.005), and orthodontists (<em>P</em> = 0.001). For dentists, the accuracy ratio scores were found to be significantly lower than ChatGPT-4o (<em>P</em> = 0.019) and orthodontists (<em>P</em> = 0.001). The accuracy rate of ChatGPT-4o was closest to that of orthodontists, whereas the accuracy rates of ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Google Gemini 1.5 Pro were lower than orthodontists but higher than general dentists. Although ChatGPT-4 demonstrated a high degree of consistency in its responses, evidenced by a high Cronbach α value (α = 0.867), ChatGPT-4o (α = 0.256) and Claude 3.5 Sonnet (α = 0.256) were the least consistent chatbots.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found that orthodontists had the highest accuracy rate, whereas AI-based chatbots had a higher accuracy rate compared with dental students and general dentists. However, ChatGPT-4 gave the most consistent answers, whereas ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet showed the least consistency. AI-based chatbots can be useful for patient education and general orthodontic guidance, but a lack of consistency in responses can lead to the risk of misinformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 3","pages":"Pages 348-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of trueness and precision of 3 face-scanning devices","authors":"Sabahattin Bor,&nbsp;Fırat Oğuz,&nbsp;Deniz Özdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study evaluated the trueness and precision of three 3-dimensional facial scanning devices—MetiSmile (MS), Revopoint Miraco Plus (RMP), and Qlone Dental application (QA) using an iPhone 15 Pro.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-seven participants were scanned using MS, RMP, and QA under standardized conditions. Comprehensive accuracy evaluations (trueness and precision) were conducted. Deviations were assessed through superimposition, and the root mean square (RMS) was used to quantify these deviations. The deviation analysis was performed using CloudCompare software (<span><span>v2.13.2, www.cloudcompare.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Trueness analysis showed that MS and RMP produced comparable results with deviations below 0.5 mm, whereas QA exhibited significantly higher deviations (<em>P</em> = 0.003; mean RMS = 0.938 mm for full-head scans). Precision analysis revealed MS had the lowest mean RMS deviation (0.309 mm), indicating the highest consistency, followed by RMP (0.362 mm). QA demonstrated the least precision (mean RMS = 0.657 mm). Comparative analysis indicated MS and RMP scans were similar, whereas QA showed greater deviations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MS and RMP devices exhibit high accuracy, making them suitable for orthodontic diagnostics and treatment planning. Although less accurate, the QA is also applicable for these purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 3","pages":"Pages 358-366.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of treatment effects with or without miniscrews for maxillary protraction in growing patients with Class III malocclusion","authors":"Hai Ji Park ,&nbsp;Hyung-Seog Yu ,&nbsp;Seong-Hun Kim ,&nbsp;Hyo-Won Ahn ,&nbsp;Yoon-Goo Kang ,&nbsp;Jung Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the skeletal and dental effects of maxillary protraction using a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) and rapid palatal expander in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing maxillary protraction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 18 patients in the facemask (FM) treatment with MARPE (group 1) and 20 patients in the FM treatment with rapid palatal expander (group 2). In addition, a control group (group 3) consisting of 21 patients undergoing no treatment affecting maxillary growth was established. Radiographic measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs at the start of FM treatment and after 3 months of treatment completion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Groups 1 and 2, receiving maxillary protraction treatment, exhibited significant increases in SNA (<em>P</em> &lt;0.01) and ANB (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001) values posttreatment, surpassing the control group. Group 1 showed a notably greater increase in SNA (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and ANB (<em>P</em> &lt;0.05) values than group 2. In contrast, group 2 demonstrated a significantly larger increase in FH-MP (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and SN-U1 values (<em>P</em> &lt;0.05). Both groups displayed significant advancement in the anterior border of the key ridge, the one-half point of the pterygomaxillary fissure, ANS, and point A after treatment, with group 1 showing a greater increase than group 2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In treating severe maxillary hypoplasia or hyperdivergent skeletal patterns, MARPE appears to be more effective than tooth-borne expansion devices, offering greater skeletal effects with minimal dental and mandibular rotational effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"168 3","pages":"Pages 327-338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample size calculation for an artificial intelligence study","authors":"Jong-Hak Kim ,&nbsp;Naeun Kwon ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Pandis ,&nbsp;Shin-Jae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"167 5","pages":"Pages 616-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors’ response","authors":"Tarek ElShebiny,&nbsp;Amanda Eden Paradis,&nbsp;Fred Kurtis Kasper,&nbsp;Juan Martin Palomo","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"167 5","pages":"Pages 505-506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0889-5406(25)00144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0889-5406(25)00144-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"167 5","pages":"Page 622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}