K. O. Gryaznov, L. V. Sineva, E. Yu. Asalieva, V. Z. Mordkovich
{"title":"Comprehensive Comparison of High-Performance Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Cobalt Catalysts Containing Different Types of Heat-Conducting Frames","authors":"K. O. Gryaznov, L. V. Sineva, E. Yu. Asalieva, V. Z. Mordkovich","doi":"10.1134/S2070050423010051","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050423010051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of industrial zeolite-containing cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a number of physicochemical parameters is performed. Catalysts containing a heat-conducting additive (aluminum flakes or exfoliated graphite) were tested in an industrial size single-tube reactor (length—6000 mm, inner diameter—12 mm). The testing results of a sample without heat-conducting additive are presented for comparison. It is shown that a catalyst based on support, containing exfoliated graphite is preferable for industrial application at high gas hour space velocities of the syngas due to its higher thermal stability and liquid hydrocarbon productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"15 1","pages":"21 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4905286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Microalgae Biomass to Obtain High-value Products, Part One: Biomass Production Methods","authors":"K. N. Sorokina, Yu. V. Samoylova, V. N. Parmon","doi":"10.1134/S2070050423010075","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050423010075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review of literature on current results from work in the field of obtaining microalgae biomass and processing it into high-value products (biofuel, ethanol, butanol, hydrogen and other products) by chemical and biotechnological means is performed. The review consists of three parts: <i>Biomass Production Methods</i>, <i>Biofuel Production from Microalgae</i>, and <i>Obtaining High-Value Products via Biotechnology</i>. The first part considers promising strains of microalgae that produce lipids and are used to obtain biofuels that meet standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Information is also given on factors affecting the accumulation and composition of lipids in microalgae (composition, illumination, temperature, and salinity of the nutrient medium). Data are presented on ways of producing microalgae biomass that include the use of flue gases and wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"15 1","pages":"69 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4905127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Budukva, D. D. Uvarkina, O. V. Klimov, A. S. Noskov
{"title":"Deactivating Hydrotreatment Catalysts: A Review","authors":"S. V. Budukva, D. D. Uvarkina, O. V. Klimov, A. S. Noskov","doi":"10.1134/S2070050423010026","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050423010026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review considers and systematizes the results of studying the deactivation of hydrotreatment catalysts currently available in the scientific and technical literature. The effect the composition of the feedstock and the conditions of hydrotreatment have on the coking of catalysts is shown. The reasons for the morphological changes of the active component and the possibility of reducing this type of catalyst deactivation during commercial operation are considered. The effect of a pressure drop on the run time, the action of catalyst poisons, and the ways, in which they enters the hydrotreatment distillates is shown. This information could be useful and interesting to chemical engineers studying catalytic systems, and to workers of oil refining industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"15 1","pages":"43 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4909304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Zagoruiko, S. A. Lopatin, P. E. Mikenin, A. V. Elyshev
{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation in a Carbon Dioxide Medium at Elevated Pressures on Pt/Pd Glass Fiber Catalysts","authors":"A. N. Zagoruiko, S. A. Lopatin, P. E. Mikenin, A. V. Elyshev","doi":"10.1134/S2070050423010105","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050423010105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study on the efficiency of glass fiber catalysts (GFCs) in the oxidation of hydrogen in a carbon dioxide medium at elevated pressure is performed. Catalyst samples were synthesized from platinum, palladium (as active metals), and heat-resistant high-silica glass fibers, both unmodified and modified with Zr. Catalysts are prepared via surface thermal synthesis and leaching with impregnation. All three tested samples show approximately the same activity, but Pt-based STS is preferred because it uses a much cheaper and widely available glass fibers instead of rare and expensive Zr-modified materials. More than 200 h of life tests for this catalyst show its high stability. The rate of hydrogen oxidation on this catalyst can be described by a kinetic equation corresponding to the law of mass action with a linear dependence on the pressure in the reaction system. The studied GFC can be made in the form of structured cartridges with a small drop in pressure and high intensity of heat and mass transfer under the conditions of the industrial technological process, so its future practical application seems promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4909289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Gromov, T. B. Medvedeva, V. N. Panchenko, O. P. Taran, M. N. Timofeeva, V. N. Parmon
{"title":"One-Pot Hydrolysis-Hydrogenation of Potato Starch to Sorbitol Using Bifunctional Catalyst Ru/Сs3HSiW12O40","authors":"N. V. Gromov, T. B. Medvedeva, V. N. Panchenko, O. P. Taran, M. N. Timofeeva, V. N. Parmon","doi":"10.1134/S207005042301004X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207005042301004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of obtaining sorbitol from potato starch via one-pot hydrolysis-hydrogenation is demonstrated using bifunctional catalysts 0.3–3 wt % Ru/Cs<sub>3</sub>HSiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> (Ru/Cs-HPA). It is found that a catalyst with 1 wt % Ru is the one most effective, since it has the optimum ratio of the concentrations of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the support’s surface and a large specific surface area. The kinetics of the reaction with 1% Ru/Cs-HPA is studied and the observed energy of activation of the hydrolysis-hydrogenation of starch to sorbitol is found to be 80 ± 8 kJ/mol. A kinetic model is proposed on the basis of experimental and published data. The model accurately describes the hydrolysis-hydrogenation of starch. The yield of sorbitol was 88 mol % (99 wt %) after 3 hours of the reaction using a catalyst with the optimum composition (1% Ru/Cs-HPA) at the optimum temperature (150°C).</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"15 1","pages":"87 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4905129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogenation of 1,3-Pentadiene on Modified Pd-Containing Catalysts","authors":"L. M. Kustov, A. L. Tarasov, A. L. Kustov","doi":"10.1134/S2070050422040055","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050422040055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The activity and selectivity of sulfidized and non- sulfidized palladium alumina supported catalysts in the hydrogenation of 1,3-pentadiene to pentenes is studied. Preliminary sulfidation of palladium catalysts substantially improves their selectivity toward olefins in a broad range of Н<sub>2</sub> : diene ratios (from 2.5 to 10). Samples activated in Н<sub>2</sub> at elevated temperatures display higher activity in diene hydrogenation. Palladium catalysts are more active at low temperatures of the reaction, but sulfidized Ni catalysts studied earlier are competitive with palladium ones in selectivity toward olefins and productivity, and are more selective in an excess of hydrogen. The modification of palladium with chromium, silver, or lithium improves the selectivity toward olefin.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"14 4","pages":"343 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4641601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Biocatalysts Based on Chymotrypsin Immobilized on Polysaccharide Supports","authors":"A. A. Krasnoshtanova, A. D. Bezyaeva","doi":"10.1134/S2070050422040043","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050422040043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the type of polysaccharide support for immobilization and encapsulation on the stability of chymotrypsin was studied. The synthesized biocatalysts were compared according to their proteolytic activity. The cellulose–chitosan composite was found to have the highest proteolytic activity equal to 192 units/g. Immobilization was found to slightly change the optimum temperature and pH of chymotrypsin, but they substantially grew toward higher temperatures and alkaline pH values. The greatest relative increase in the activity of immobilized chymotrypsin was observed when using the cellulose–chitosan composite. The activity of chymotrypsin changed by no more than 45–50% during storage of the cellulose–chitosan and cellulose–alginate composites for 24 months. According to the results of our study, the cellulose–chitosan composite was the optimum support for immobilization of chymotrypsin.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"14 4","pages":"395 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4639740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. Arbuzov, V. A. Drozdov, A. V. Lavrenov, N. N. Leont’eva
{"title":"Creating a Heterohomogeneous Catalytic System for the Alkylation of Benzene with Ethylene through the Reaction beteen Carbon Tetrachloride and Aluminum Alloys","authors":"A. B. Arbuzov, V. A. Drozdov, A. V. Lavrenov, N. N. Leont’eva","doi":"10.1134/S207005042204002X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207005042204002X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The in situ formation of a catalytic heterohomogeneous system containing Al–M alloy (M is Ni, Co, Cu) and Al(M)/Cl complex in a benzene–ethylene medium at a temperature of 80°C and a pressure of 0.2–0.3 MPa is studied. The characteristic patterns of interaction between Al–M alloys activated with a liquid metal Ga–In eutectic and a chlorinating agent (CCl<sub>4</sub>) with the formation of catalytically active metal–aluminum chloride Al(M)/Cl complexes are established. Results from spectrokinetic measurements show the order of the reactivity of activated alloys with respect to excess CCl<sub>4</sub> is Al–Cu ≈ Al–Ni > Al > Al–Co. The highest catalytic activity is displayed by nickel–aluminum chloride complexes whose selectivity toward ethylbenzene is 48%. Data from IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy show that the structure and composition of metal chloride complexes formed in situ in the aromatic reaction medium is determined by a combination of coupled ionic pairs <span>([{text{AlC}}{{{text{l}}}_{4}}]_{{{text{tetr}}}}^{ - }{text{/[NiC}}{{{text{l}}}_{{text{6}}}}]_{{{text{oct}}}}^{{4-}})</span> and <span>(left[ {{text{AlC}}{{{text{l}}}_{{text{4}}}}} right]_{{{text{tetr}}}}^{ - }/left[ {{text{CuC}}{{{text{l}}}_{{text{2}}}}} right]_{{{text{lin}}}}^{ - })</span>, which are stabilized by (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>C<sup>+</sup> carbocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"14 4","pages":"363 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4641603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Makolkin, E. A. Paukshtis, V. V. Kaichev, A. P. Suknev, B. S. Bal’zhinimaev, H. U. Kim, J. Jae
{"title":"Key Intermediates in the Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids on the Pt–ReOx/TiO2 Catalyst","authors":"N. V. Makolkin, E. A. Paukshtis, V. V. Kaichev, A. P. Suknev, B. S. Bal’zhinimaev, H. U. Kim, J. Jae","doi":"10.1134/S2070050422040079","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050422040079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reactivity of adsorbed acetic acid forms on the Pt–ReO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst has been studied. Three adsorbed acetic acid forms were identified by in situ Fourier IR spectroscopy at 200°С: bidentate acetates and two forms of molecularly adsorbed acetic acid. The consumption rate constants two forms of molecularly adsorbed acetic acid (0.02 and 0.029 s<sup>–1</sup>, respectively) were found to be close in magnitude to the catalytic reaction constant rate (0.034 s<sup>–1</sup>) measured at 200°С. It was concluded that these two forms of molecularly adsorbed acetic acid are key intermediates in acetic acid hydrogenation on the Pt–ReO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"14 4","pages":"336 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4643553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. R. Nabiullin, A. V. Boretskaya, M. V. Berezkina, R. R. Gil’mullin, A. M. Busygina, A. Z. Kurbangaleeva, S. R. Egorova
{"title":"Production of Monomers on the Basis of Catalytic Dehydrogenation Processes at Nizhnekamskneftekhim","authors":"I. R. Nabiullin, A. V. Boretskaya, M. V. Berezkina, R. R. Gil’mullin, A. M. Busygina, A. Z. Kurbangaleeva, S. R. Egorova","doi":"10.1134/S2070050422040080","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2070050422040080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes for the production of basic monomers at Nizhnekamskneftekhim via dehydrogenation are described. The cooperative development of modern domestic catalysts with the Kazan Federal University is emphasized. The disadvantages of existing catalytic systems are considered, and the possivle ways of their elimination are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":507,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis in Industry","volume":"14 4","pages":"376 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4639757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}