INOSR Experimental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Antiretroviral Therapy Effects on Red Blood Cells in HIV Patients","authors":"E. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, E. Alum, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/6.3.21322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/6.3.21322","url":null,"abstract":"Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the landscape of HIV treatment, substantially reducing morbidity and mortality rates in affected individuals. However, while ART effectively suppresses viral replication and restores immune function, its impact on red blood cells (RBCs) and associated hematological parameters has drawn increasing attention in clinical research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of ART on RBCs among HIV patients, encompassing alterations in RBC indices, hemoglobin levels, and potential clinical implications. A systematic review of literature and clinical studies was conducted to analyze observed changes in RBC parameters in individuals receiving ART. The clinical implications arising from ART-induced changes in RBCs, particularly the occurrence of anemia and erythrocyte disorders, highlight the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored management strategies. Addressing these hematological complications is pivotal for optimizing treatment outcomes and enhancing patient wellbeing. In conclusion, while ART has significantly improved HIV management, its effects on RBCs signify the need for tailored monitoring and interventions to manage hematological complications effectively. Keywords: Antiretroviral Therapy, Red Blood Cells, HIV","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Control of Infections in the University Community","authors":"Abdulrahman Abdulbasit Opeyemi, E. Obeagu, Abdulwasiu O Hassan","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/8.3.21322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/8.3.21322","url":null,"abstract":"The pressing issue of infectious diseases in Nigerian university communities was examined in this review, where unique challenges stemming from high-density interactions and diverse campus environments necessitate targeted infection prevention and control strategies. Focusing on prevalent infections such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and the recent impact of COVID-19, with the aim of providing comprehensive recommendations that empower institutions to safeguard the health and well-being of their communities. The paper critically assesses the current prevalence and impact of infectious diseases among university students, examining existing prevention and control measures to identify strengths, weaknesses, and resource gaps. By proposing context-specific strategies, including enhanced hand hygiene practices, early testing protocols, technology integration, promotion of good hygiene, and ensuring basic amenities, the article aims to guide universities in customizing approaches based on their unique needs. The article also explores the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on the feasibility and success of these strategies. Emphasizing the crucial role of individual responsibility and community engagement, the research seeks to foster a sustainable culture of health within Nigerian university campuses. This article contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering practical insights and recommendations tailored to the specific challenges faced by university communities in Nigeria, ultimately promoting resilient and health-conscious educational environments. Keywords: university community, infection, prevention, control","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Immune Activation and Chronic Inflammation: Unraveling Their Impact on Anemia in HIV Infection","authors":"E. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, E. Alum, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/7.3.21322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/7.3.21322","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation represent pivotal facets of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, profoundly influencing disease progression and complications. This abstract synthesizes current knowledge to unravel the intricate interplay between persistent immune activation, chronic inflammation, and their consequential impact on the development and exacerbation of anemia among individuals living with HIV. Persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation are recognized hallmarks of HIV infection, contributing significantly to disease pathogenesis and complications. This paper aims to elucidate their intricate roles in perturbing erythropoiesis, leading to anemia, thus highlighting the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications within the context of HIV. Anemia, emerging as a consequence of persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation in HIV, bears significant clinical implications. Its association with disease progression, treatment responses, and prognostic implications underscores its criticality in the comprehensive care of HIV-infected populations. Persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation intricately contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia in HIV infection. Understanding their multifaceted roles in disrupting erythropoiesis holds promise for developing targeted interventions and refining management strategies to alleviate anemia burden among individuals living with HIV. Keywords: Immune Activation, Chronic Inflammation, Anemia, HIV","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"44 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Indigenous Medicinal Plants for Managing Diabetes Mellitus in Uganda: Ethnobotanical Insights, Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies, and National Development Alignment","authors":"U. Paul-Chima, Kungu Erisa, Inyangat Raphael, O. Emmanuel I., A. Ugo, Okon Michael B.,, Shanthi Subbarayan, Vidya Sankarapandiyan","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.17.1000.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.17.1000.","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) stands as a pressing global health concern, particularly in Uganda, where its prevalence mirrors global trends driven by urbanization, lifestyle changes, and genetic predispositions. This study delves into Uganda's rich heritage of medicinal plants, investigating their use in managing DM within local communities. A comprehensive review was conducted, exploring the epidemiology and pathophysiology of DM in Uganda, emphasizing genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and the healthcare landscape. The study unveils indigenous medicinal plants employed for DM management, detailing their usage, preparation, and potential therapeutic properties. Additionally, the pharmacotherapeutic landscape for DM management, encompassing oral hypoglycemic agents, injectable therapies, and adjunctive medications, is scrutinized in alignment with Uganda's healthcare policies. Moreover, the study aligns strategies for DM management with Uganda's National Development Plan (NDP), outlining an integrative approach for healthcare infrastructure, primary care strengthening, sustainable financing, health information systems, and collaborative partnerships. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Medicinal Plants, Uganda, Ethnobotany, Pharmacological Evaluation, National Development Plan, Integrated Healthcare Strategies","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Journal Writing and Types of Journals","authors":"E. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Chibunna Matthew Igwe, E. Alum, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, V. H. U. Eze, Fabian Chukwudi Ogenyi, Jovita Nnenna Ugwu, Chinyere N. Ugwu, Micheal. B. Okon, C. E. Eze, Jude U. Aleke","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.16.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.16.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Academic journal writing serves as the lifeblood of scholarly communication, fostering the dissemination of knowledge and innovation within various academic disciplines. This seminar paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the significance of academic journal writing and an in-depth analysis of the diverse types of scholarly journals available. The paper delves into the fundamental structure and components of academic journal articles, emphasizing their pivotal role in presenting original research, conducting literature reviews, and fostering academic discourse. Additionally, it outlines the distinct characteristics of various types of journals, including research journals, review journals, scholarly versus trade journals, open access journals, and interdisciplinary journals. Furthermore, the seminar paper offers crucial insights into the selection criteria for appropriate journals, highlighting considerations such as scope, audience, impact factor, and adherence to submission guidelines. Understanding these factors aids researchers, scholars, and academics in effectively navigating the complex landscape of academic publishing, ensuring the successful dissemination of their work within their respective fields. This seminar paper serves as a valuable guide for individuals involved in academic research, offering a comprehensive understanding of academic journal writing and equipping them with the knowledge necessary to navigate the scholarly publishing landscape effectively. This abstract encapsulates the key points and objectives covered in the seminar paper on academic journal writing and types of journals, providing a concise overview of its contents and significance within the academic community. Keywords: Publication, Journals, academic writing, research, review papers","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Pre-Eclampsia Incidence among Pregnant Women in Antenatal Care at Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital","authors":"Katushabe Dorothy","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.12.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.12.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-eclampsia stands as a major contributor to maternal mortality, perinatal complications, preterm births, and restricted fetal growth. Globally, it ranks among the top three causes of maternal mortality and affects 6-8% of pregnancies, contributing to approximately nine percent of maternal deaths in Africa. This study aimed to identify factors linked to preeclampsia prevalence among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital. Conducting a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 60 pregnant women, data collection employed a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis with SPSS version 25 determined Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals, marking significance at p values <0.05. Findings revealed several significant associations. Sociodemographic factors like lower maternal age, limited education, and reduced income were linked to pre-eclampsia, alongside obstetric factors including lower parity (≤ 4), overweight status, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, shorter interpregnancy intervals (≤ 2 years), and previous diagnoses of gestational hypertension. The study underscores the critical need for urgent interventions in the district to address these identified risk factors and prevent and manage pre-eclampsia effectively among pregnant women attending Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital. Both socio-economic and obstetric factors significantly contribute to the occurrence of pre-eclampsia, necessitating targeted interventions for improved maternal and fetal health outcomes. Keywords: prevalence, pre-eclampsia, pregnant women, antenatal care","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Mothers/Caretakers Regarding Complementary Feeding in Children Aged 6 Months to 2 Years Attending the Pediatrics Outpatient Department at Ishaka Adventist Hospital","authors":"Akankwatsa Sandrah","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.4.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.4.1000","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among mothers caring for children aged 6 months to 2 years regarding Complementary Feeding (CF). Conducted over a one-month period from October to November 2020, this descriptive cross-sectional study engaged 206 Mothers/caretakers attending Ishaka Adventist Hospital OPD for various child health concerns, including immunization and growth monitoring. Participants were selected randomly based on their arrival order at the hospital during the study period. Data collection involved researcher-administered questionnaires for illiterate participants and self-administered questionnaires for literate individuals after obtaining consent. Participants' comprehension and execution of complementary feeding practices were assessed through their responses. Data entry and analysis utilized EPI-DATA and STATA 17 software. Univariate analysis determined frequency, mean, mode, and percentage of participant responses, while bivariate analysis explored the relationship between knowledge and attitude, and between knowledge and practices among mothers/caretakers at Ishaka Adventist Hospital's pediatric OPD. Findings revealed that only 4% of participants were knowledgeable about the frequency of both Complementary Feeding (CF) and Breastfeeding (BF) for infants and the ideal diet composition. However, 63% were aware of the appropriate ages to initiate CF and stop BF, along with the consequences of delayed CF initiation. Although 85.5% commenced CF at the recommended age of six months, merely 4.3% provided adequate quantity and quality of complementary feeds to their infants. The study discovered statistically significant associations between proper/poor CF practices and respondents' age, education level, socio-economic status, and number of children in the household. Despite varied practices, participants generally exhibited positive and supportive attitudes toward CF. Keywords: Breast milk, Malnutrition, Immunization, Complementary Feeding, Babies.","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Drivers Behind Neonatal Sepsis Rates among Immunized and Outpatient Neonates at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda","authors":"Mpanga Derick Denis","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries, accounting for a significant portion of annual infant deaths. This study investigated the determinants influencing the occurrence of neonatal sepsis among infants at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda. The study revealed an overall neonatal sepsis prevalence of 12.5%, with 65% and 35% of cases classified as early-onset and late-onset sepsis, respectively. Factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis included neonatal age, maternal history of fever, dysuria, and maternal/caretaker hygiene. The study emphasizes the importance of caretaker/mother's age, maternal fever history, dysuria, and hygiene in contributing to neonatal sepsis. Prevention strategies should prioritize addressing these risk factors rather than solely focusing on post-occurrence treatment. Proactive measures are advocated to mitigate the incidence of neonatal sepsis. Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, Immunization, Childhood mortality, Maternal/caretaker’s hygiene, maternal history of fever","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Female Patients' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening at Comboni Hospital","authors":"Rwahwire David Julius","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.15.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.15.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Uganda, with a prevalence rate of 48/100,000, one of the world's highest. Tragically, over 80% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting treatment options. Early detection through screening among women aged 25 and above, followed by prompt treatment, can prevent most cases. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning cervical cancer screening among female patients at Comboni Hospital. Conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study, it involved 350 women aged 20-49 seeking healthcare services at the hospital. Data collection employed a pretested questionnaire, and analysis utilized IBM SPSS version 25. The respondents, with a mean age of 31.73 years, were predominantly married (76.6%) and self-employed (42.9%), with 22.3% having completed tertiary education. While 92.3% were aware of cervical cancer, only 46% had contemplated undergoing screening, and merely 26.3% had been screened. Media served as the primary information source for 53.7% of participants, and half of those screened did so due to healthcare workers' advice. Barriers to screening included high costs (27.7%), fear of positive results (14.6%), and apprehension about the screening process itself (14.3%). Despite a high level of awareness about cervical cancer, low screening uptake was attributed to the expense and unavailability of services. To improve access, the government should decentralize screening services to lower-tier health centers by training and equipping lower-level healthcare workers, particularly midwives. This strategy aims to overcome barriers and enhance screening accessibility for a larger population. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Infection Control Measures and Risk Factors at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District: A Study on Staff Awareness and Implementation","authors":"Mukwaya Isma","doi":"10.59298/inosres/2023/2.10.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/inosres/2023/2.10.1000","url":null,"abstract":"This research delved into the critical role of infection prevention and control in enhancing hospital care quality, particularly at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. The primary aim was twofold: to identify risk factors associated with inadequate infection control and to evaluate the utilization of existing infection control measures among hospital staff. Conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study within the hospital premises in Bushenyi District, the research engaged 100 respondents comprising various staff members employed at the institution, assessing their awareness of infection control through structured questionnaires. Although random sampling of 10 staff members was instrumental in refining the questionnaire for suitability, their results weren't incorporated into this study's findings. The respondent demographics showcased a predominant representation of nurses, with a majority being female employees and nearly four-fifths having worked at the hospital for less than four years. Notably, half of the respondents identified airborne infections as the most prevalent in the hospital setting. The study highlighted a positive inclination toward infection control tasks, with over 80% of participants acknowledging the effectiveness of infection control practices in curtailing the spread of infections among patients. Despite this awareness, the findings indicated a moderate level of overall awareness regarding infection control measures. While more than half of the respondents expressed favorable views on infection control practices and the utilization of available resources such as gloves, aprons, and hand hygiene, the implementation and adherence to standard precautions fell short of optimal levels. In conclusion, the study revealed a moderate level of awareness regarding infection control measures among hospital staff, with a majority holding positive attitudes toward the utilization of available resources. However, the actual implementation and adherence to standard precautions appeared suboptimal, signaling the need for enhanced efforts to bolster practice and compliance within the hospital setting. Keywords: Infection, Infection control, Waste management, Hand washing.","PeriodicalId":507942,"journal":{"name":"INOSR Experimental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}