Annals of Diagnostic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Interval appendicitis","authors":"Badr AbdullGaffar ,&nbsp;Fatma B. Zarooni ,&nbsp;Mohamed Alaqqad","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are a few studies that have focused on histopathologic findings in interval appendectomies compared to acute appendicitis and negative appendectomies. Our aim is to compare histopathologic features in interval appendectomies to a similar control group of stump appendectomies. A retrospective review study was conducted over a 10-year period. We found 21 (0.3 %) patients [age range: 10–70 years, average age: 40 years, male to female ratio: 1.3 to 1.0, average time interval: 6 weeks] who had interval appendectomies. Seventeen patients (81 %) showed three main patterns: xanthogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrates (48 %), Crohn-like transmural inflammatory infiltrates (33 %), and granulomatous inflammation (33 %). Postinflammatory structural changes included diverticulosis (33 %), mucosal hyperplasia (19 %), and fibrous obliteration (33 %). Other findings included fecalith (24 %), Actinomyces (19 %), hemosiderin pigment deposits (14 %) and fecal foreign body giant cells (24 %). No appendiceal neoplasms were detected. Two cases with complicated appendiceal diverticulosis showing mucosal hyperplasia, mucocele and extruded mucin pools were initially mistaken for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Ten patients (48 %) had residual acute inflammation, four of whom were associated with appendicolith and Actinomyces. We found eleven (0.13 %) patients [age range: 8–68 years, average age: 34 years, male to female ratio: 1.7 to 1.0, average time interval: 15 months] who had stump appendectomies. Five patients (45 %) showed xanthogranulomatous and Crohn-like changes. Epithelioid granulomas were not identified. Recurrent acute inflammation, mucosal hyperplasia, foreign body giant cell reaction and hemosiderin pigments were also found in stump appendectomies. There were no significant differences between xanthogranulomatous, Crohn-like, acute inflammatory, and hemosiderin-related changes, but there were significant differences in granulomatous inflammation, diverticulosis, mucosal hyperplasia, mucin pools, fibrous obliteration, appendicolith and Actinomyces between interval and stump appendicitis. These patterns were not correlated with age, gender or time intervals. Delayed interval and stump appendectomies exhibit a variety of subacute to chronic postinflammatory organizing reparative processes interspersed with acute inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 152601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel RUNX1/2 fusions in unclassified cystic squamous salivary gland tumors: Possible expansion of the keratocystoma family","authors":"Justin A. Bishop ,&nbsp;Masato Nakaguro ,&nbsp;Doreen Palsgrove ,&nbsp;Anna Trzcinska ,&nbsp;Anne C. McLean ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Gagan ,&nbsp;Junji Shibahara ,&nbsp;Toshitaka Nagao","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keratocystoma is a rare salivary gland tumor described in 2002. Recently our group identified <em>IRF2BP2</em>::<em>RUNX2</em> as a consistent genetic feature which may define keratocystoma. On the other hand, rare keratocystoma-like tumors were negative for this fusion, including two cases from our previous study. Herein we describe 3 cystic squamous salivary gland tumors harboring novel <em>RUNX1</em> or <em>RUNX2</em> fusions. Cases were identified from our practices. RNA-sequencing was performed for fusion identification, while reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and <em>RUNX1</em> or <em>RUNX2</em> break apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to confirm the identified fusions. Three tumors were identified, each with a unique fusion: <em>RUNX1</em>::<em>IKZF3</em>, <em>RUNX1</em>::<em>VGLL4</em>, and <em>RUNX2</em>::<em>CDK2AP1</em>, respectively. All fusions were confirmed by FISH and RT-PCR. Two had been diagnosed as keratocystoma and 1 as low-grade cystadenocarcinoma. All 3 arose in parotid glands of men, aged 48, 52, and 61 years. The tumors diagnosed as keratocystoma had features reminiscent of that tumor, except for a well-developed granular cell layer in one case, and foci of mucinous/glandular epithelium in the other. The third case was also cystic but only focally lined by mature keratinized squamous epithelium; the remaining epithelium was transitional and micropapillary. Cellular atypia and mitotic activity was minimal in all cases. All tumors were treated with surgery only; two patients had no recurrences (after 5 and 24 months), while follow-up was unavailable in the third case. Instead of keratocystoma being defined narrowly by <em>IRF2BP2</em>::<em>RUNX2</em> fusions, there may exist a broader spectrum of <em>RUNX1</em>/<em>2</em>-rearranged cystic, squamous salivary gland tumors. More cases will be needed to further define this emerging family of neoplasms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 152603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphology and utility of CK17, p53 dual stain with CK 13 in the diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia","authors":"Bushra K. Altarawneh ,&nbsp;M. Ruhul Quddus ,&nbsp;Kamaljeet Singh ,&nbsp;C. James Sung ,&nbsp;Shivali Marketkar","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a known precursor for HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Diagnosis of dVIN can be challenging, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be a useful aid in this setting. A mutated pattern of p53 staining is associated with dVIN. This retrospective study evaluated the histological features and immunohistochemical utility of p53/Cytokeratin 17 (CK17) dual staining and cytokeratin 13 (CK13) staining in dVINs. At our institution, the diagnosis of dVIN is primarily based on morphology, and p53 stain is not routinely performed, especially in cases with concurrent invasive carcinoma or in recurrences. Thirty-two cases of dVIN identified from the pathology archives included 21 cases with p53 mutations and 11 cases without p53 mutations. Fourteen cases were biopsies. The staining patterns of CK17 and CK13 were compared in p53-mutated and non-mutated dVINs. p53/CK17 dual stain was used, which helped assess aberrant CK17 staining patterns adjacent to the mutated p53 patterns. Of the p53-mutated dVINs, 18/21(85.7 %) cases showed full-thickness CK17 staining. Of the remaining 11 cases with p53 wild-type staining, 5 cases showed full-thickness CK17 staining (45 %). Of the p53-mutated dVIN cases, 8/21 (38.09 %) showed full-thickness CK13 staining. Only 2/21 (9.5 %) showed loss of CK13 staining, as seen in oral dysplasia. Amongst dVINs with wild-type p53 staining, 50 % showed full-thickness CK13 staining. None of the lichen sclerosus cases showed full-thickness staining for CK13. The utility of CK13 staining in dVIN has been studied in only one previous study. A Panel consisting of p53, CK13, and CK17 antibodies may aid in increasing the accuracy of dVIN diagnosis, especially when a full-thickness staining pattern of CK13 and CK17 is noted. Further investigation of dVINs with full-thickness CK13 staining in a larger cohort is needed to confirm the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing thyroid carcinomas in the elderly: Histological subtypes and TERT promoter mutation analysis based on the latest WHO classification","authors":"Myoung Ju Koh ,&nbsp;Songmi Noh ,&nbsp;Jin Kyong Kim ,&nbsp;Gi Jeong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While most thyroid cancers have a favorable outcome, their presentation in the elderly (≥70 years) is often aggressive, leading to a poor prognosis and creating a clinical dilemma in balancing treatment intensity against comorbidities. A more precise understanding of the biological drivers is crucial for optimal management. This study aimed to characterize these aggressive tumors by correlating high-risk histological subtypes—specifically poorly differentiated (PDTC) and differentiated high-grade thyroid cancer (DHGTC)—with the presence of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations.</div><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 293 consecutive patients, aged 70 or older, who underwent thyroidectomy between 2019 and 2023. Comprehensive clinicopathological data, including TNM and AJCC staging, were collected, and molecular analysis for TERT mutations was performed via pyrosequencing.</div><div>PDTC/DHGTC accounted for 6.1 % of tumors in this cohort, while TERT promoter mutations were detected in 15.0 % of cases. Importantly, results revealed a statistically significant association between TERT promoter mutations and established markers of poor prognosis. TERT-mutated tumors were larger and presented at a more advanced T stage. These patients had a significantly higher incidence of both regional lymph node involvement and distant metastatic disease or recurrence, resulting in a higher overall AJCC stage. On a histological level, the TERT mutation was a strong predictor of aggressive PDTC/DHGTC subtypes and was closely linked to increased mitotic activity and tumor necrosis.</div><div>In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PDTC/DHGTC subtypes are not uncommon in elderly patients and that TERT promoter mutations occur at a relatively high frequency. The strong association of TERT mutations with aggressive tumor characteristics suggests that combined histological and molecular assessment may provide enhanced prognostic precision in this high-risk group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of imprint cytology in assessing surgical margins during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy","authors":"Mehmet Özen ,&nbsp;Ender Özden ,&nbsp;Mehmet Necmettin Mercimek ,&nbsp;Murat Gülşen ,&nbsp;Sultan Çalışkan ,&nbsp;Oğuz Aydın","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the preferred treatment for cT1 and cT2 renal tumors, with the goal of preserving renal function while maintaining oncological outcomes. Achieving negative surgical margins is crucial for minimizing recurrence risk. This prospective study included 113 patients with 117 renal tumors who underwent PN. IC samples were collected by pressing glass slides onto the specimen surface (Sample A) and from Tru-cut biopsies (Sample B). All slides were processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and evaluated by a senior pathologist. Cytological findings were classified as positive, negative, or indeterminate. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were assessed relative to the final pathological results. Positive surgical margins (PSM) were observed in five patients. In one case, the surgical margin could not be evaluated and was therefore excluded from the IC evaluation. Of the 116 cytology A samples, 101 were negative, 7 were positive and 8 were indeterminate. The sensitivity was 100 %, specificity was 98 %, PPV was 71.4 %, and NPV was 100 %. No recurrence was observed in patients with PSM during a median follow-up of 16.9 months. The present study demonstrated that IC is a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for predicting surgical margins and can be a useful as a rule-out test during intraoperative decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic challenges and considerations in CD30-negative classical Hodgkin lymphoma from biopsy specimens","authors":"Yu Pan ,&nbsp;Xiaona Zuo ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Sui ,&nbsp;Lei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiaosheng Xu ,&nbsp;Zifen Gao ,&nbsp;Guohua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and diagnostic strategies of CD30-negative classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) based on core needle biopsy specimens. Six cases diagnosed at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital and Beijing Gaobo Boren Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis was established through integrated evaluation of histomorphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) profiling. All cases underwent repeated CD30 immunostaining using multiple antibody clones and platforms to confirm true CD30 negativity. The cohort comprised five males and one female (male-to-female ratio 5:1), with a median age of 17.5 years (range: 6–86 years). Histological subtypes included four cases of mixed cellularity and two of nodular sclerosis, all demonstrating characteristic morphological features of cHL. CD30 expression was entirely absent in five cases and weakly positive in scattered tumor cells in one case. To ensure diagnostic accuracy, repeat biopsies were performed in four patients. IHC analysis revealed consistent expression of PAX5, C-MYC, ATF3, and p53 in all six cases, with variable positivity for CD20 (3/6), LCA (1/6), MUM1 (4/6), OCT2 (4/6), and BOB.1 (1/6). Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA (EBER) was positive in five cases (83.3 %), with none of the cases undergoing flow cytometry (FCM). Five patients received ABVD chemotherapy; four achieved complete remission, one died, and one was lost to follow-up. IDiagnosis was established based on histomorphological identification of Reed–Sternberg–like cells within a characteristic inflammatory background, in conjunction with an extended immunophenotypic panel. CD30 immunostaining was repeated using different clones and platforms to exclude technical artifacts. In cases with persistent CD30 negativity, complete excision was performed when feasible, and diagnosis was confirmed only if R-S–like cells concurrently exhibited: (1) variable or weak CD20 and LCA expression, never both strongly positive; (2) weak or absent PAX5 and MUM1; (3) discordant BOB.1 and OCT2 expression; and (4) positive c-MYC, p53, and ATF3 nuclear staining. Cases failing to meet all criteria were excluded. In conclusion, CD30-negative cHL diagnosed on limited biopsy material tends to affect younger male patients and retains typical morphological and immunophenotypic hallmarks of cHL. A thorough diagnostic approach incorporating multi-clone CD30 IHC and repeat sampling when necessary is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis in these diagnostically ambiguous cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) for cause of death determination up to 72 h postmortem","authors":"Juan Carlos Hurtado ,&nbsp;Natalia Rakislova ,&nbsp;Núria Peñuelas ,&nbsp;Carla Carrilho ,&nbsp;Fabiola Fernandes ,&nbsp;Luisa Jamisse ,&nbsp;Mireia Navarro ,&nbsp;Alba Morató ,&nbsp;Laia Diez-Ahijado ,&nbsp;Isaac Casas ,&nbsp;Lucilia Lovane ,&nbsp;Jessica Navero ,&nbsp;Cesaltina Lorenzoni ,&nbsp;Rosauro Varo ,&nbsp;Assucena Guisseve ,&nbsp;Lorena Marimon ,&nbsp;Anelsio Cossa ,&nbsp;Inacio Mandomando ,&nbsp;Lia Sisuashvili ,&nbsp;Jordi Vila ,&nbsp;Jaume Ordi","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is a postmortem technique that involves percutaneous needle sampling of key organs and fluids, offering a practical alternative to complete autopsy for determining cause of death (CoD), a critical factor in reducing mortality. In low- and middle-income settings, autopsies are rarely performed, particularly in the first hours after death. To assess the impact of postmortem interval (PMI) on MITS diagnostic performance, we compared CoD determinations from repeated MITS procedures at different PMIs in the same individuals and analyzed changes in histological and microbiological findings over time. We conducted serial MITS at 24, 48, and 72 h after death in nine adults who died at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique, between June 2017 and January 2018. The process included thorough histological and microbiological analyses.</div><div>Results showed that MITS maintained consistent diagnostic accuracy across all PMIs. While histological findings showed minor changes over time, these did not significantly affect CoD determination. Microbiological analyses revealed a substantial increase (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) in <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolation with longer PMIs, whereas fungal and parasitic detection remained stable, and viral isolations declined. These findings highlight that MITS remains reliable for postmortem diagnosis even when performed up to 72 h after death, offering crucial utility in settings where immediate autopsies are unfeasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity shows benign behavior: Results from a 77-case clinicopathological and molecular study","authors":"Yong Il Lee ,&nbsp;Ja-Min Park ,&nbsp;Sun Young Yoon ,&nbsp;Cheryn Song ,&nbsp;Yong Mee Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) is a low-grade renal tumor<span> characterized by oncocytic cells with apical nuclei, GATA3 expression, and frequent </span></span><em>KRAS</em><span><span> mutations. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize and determine prognostic significance of PRNRP by conducting clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses while reviewing prior reports. A total of 506 patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) who underwent curative </span>nephrectomy<span> from 1989 to 2023 were analyzed, leading to the reclassification of 77 cases (17 %) as PRNRP. All cases were pT1 tumors with a median size of 1.5 cm. Initially, 40 %, 31 %, and 18 % were diagnosed as PRCC type 1, PRNRP, and PRCC type 2, respectively. PRNRP cases consistently displayed characteristic features; however, two tumors exhibited high-grade nuclear atypia<span> resembling WHO/ISUP grade 3, highlighting the existence of atypical subgroups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed GATA3 expression in 97 % of cases. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) expression was observed in 86 % of cases. </span></span></span><em>KRAS</em><span> exon 2 mutations were identified in all cases, including the two atypical PRNRPs. Neither recurrence nor disease-specific death occurred throughout a median follow-up period of 46 months. This study highlights the necessity of thorough diagnostic evaluation, incorporating unique histological features, GATA3 positivity, and </span><em>KRAS</em> mutation analysis, especially in the presence of atypical morphology, while reaffirming the benign nature of PRNRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of TRPS1 Compared to GATA3, and SOX10 Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Breast cancer Molecular Subtypes","authors":"Manar Moustafa ,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Abdelhamid ,&nbsp;Kareem Amgd ,&nbsp;MennatAllah H. Fikry","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical markers are important in the accurate identification of the tissue of origin in breast cancer (BC). The aim of our study was to identify the diagnostic utility and pattern of expression of TRPS1, GATA3, and SOX10 immunohistochemistry in a cohort of breast cancers of diverse molecular subtypes. 184 breast carcinomas cases, including luminal A (<em>n</em> = 61), luminal B (<em>n</em> = 68), HER2+ (<em>n</em> = 30), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (<em>n</em> = 25) MOLECULAR subtypes, were subjected to immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using TRPS1, GATA3, and SOX10 antibodies. TRPS1 exhibited high positivity rates uniformly across all molecular subtypes, ranging from 92.0 % in TNBC to 94.4 % in Luminal B. GATA3 was also frequently positive in the luminal subtypes (96.7–97.2 %) but had significantly lower expression rates in TNBC (40.0 %). SOX10, in contrast, was most frequently positive in TNBC (72.0 %) and less so in the luminal subtypes (3.3–16.7). Statistical analyses did not reveal any significant difference in the rates of TRPS1 expression between the subtypes (χ² = 1.84; <em>p</em> = 0.62). It is concluded that TRPS1 is the most sensitive breast lineage marker across molecular subtypes, with nearly uniform expression. GATA3 and SOX10 are limited by subtype-dependent sensitivity and thus require a subtype framework for selecting the best immunohistochemical markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal alterations in 7, 17, and Y demonstrate comparable sensitivity and superior specificity to diffuse strong AMACR immunostaining for papillary renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Yuan ,&nbsp;Haimin Xu ,&nbsp;Xianwei Yang ,&nbsp;Chaofu Wang ,&nbsp;Luting Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoqun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2025.152583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diagnostic criteria for papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) include diffuse strong AMACR and retained FH expression. Although chromosomal alterations in 7/17/Y are frequent molecular findings in PRCC, they are not included in its diagnostic criteria. This study analyzed 154 PRCC cases and 120 PRCC mimics using AMACR immunostaining and chromosomal analyses. Positive AMACR expression demonstrated the highest sensitivity (98.1 %), while a combination of diffuse strong AMACR expression and ≥2 chromosomal alterations achieved optimal specificity (93.3 %). Detection of ≥1 chromosomal alteration provided comparable sensitivity (86.4 % vs. 83.8 %) to diffuse strong AMACR expression alone but with significantly enhanced specificity (73.3 % vs. 48.3 %). Non-PRCC tumors demonstrating both diffuse strong AMACR expression and ≥2 chromosomal alterations predominantly included <em>TFE3</em>-rearranged RCC (3/29) and FH-deficient RCC (3/13) cases, with rare cases in clear cell RCC (1/10) and SMARCB1-deficient RCC (1/2). Collecting duct carcinoma occasionally showed multiple chromosomal alterations but usually showed negative or focal AMACR expression. These findings indicated that chromosomal alterations demonstrated comparable sensitivity and superior specificity compared to diffuse strong AMACR immunostaining for PRCC diagnosis. We propose incorporating chromosomal alterations in 7/17/Y as a desirable diagnostic criterion for PRCC. In addition, unclassified metastatic RCCs with papillary architecture should not be definitively diagnosed as PRCC based solely on chromosomal alterations. A definite diagnosis of metastatic PRCC requires exclusion of these histological and molecular mimics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50768,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 152583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}