Annals of Thoracic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Patients' outcomes during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations are associated with the severity score of the Lancet Commission.","authors":"Esma Seda Akalin, Esra Ertan Yazar, Göksel Menek, Samet Samanci, Batuhan Er, Emre Güragaç, Burcu Arpinar Yigitbas, Coşkun Dogan, Deniz Bilici","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_194_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_194_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations significantly affect morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The Lancet Commission proposed a severity classification for COPD exacerbations, but its validation has not been performed. This study aims to assess the relationship between exacerbation severity scores, as defined by the Lancet Commission, and patient outcomes, including morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-center study analyzed 240 hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbations from January 2023 to January 2024. Patients were categorized into three severity groups based on the Lancet exacerbation severity scores. Clinical and laboratory parameters, duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ventilatory support, and 30-day mortality rates were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that patients with the highest severity scores had significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, higher pCO₂ and urea levels, and longer hospital stays. The rates of noninvasive mechanical ventilation use, ICU admission, and mortality were notably higher in this group. In addition, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, lymphopenia, and elevated blood urea were linked to 30-day mortality in patients experiencing exacerbation. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an albumin cutoff of ≤33.3 g/L as predictive of mortality, with a sensitivity of 51.3% and specificity of 80.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to the Lancet Commission's severity classification in COPD exacerbations. Results indicate that this scoring system can effectively identify patients at high risk for poor outcomes. Future prospective studies are necessary to refine severity assessment criteria and incorporate biochemical markers for improved prognostication and management of COPD exacerbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility in allergic rhinitis management: Systematic review.","authors":"Dana Adel Alrezq, Abdulaziz M Aldaghmani, Jana J Alali, Marwa A Aljowaid, Zahra Abdulaziz Alkhamis, Lamar M Alarqan, Mutrik J Almughni, Hanan A Albalawi, Njood Khalifa Alruwaili, Rayyan M Almusally","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_344_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_344_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common outpatient conditions, diagnosed through operator-dependent and resource-intensive methodologies. This systematic review assessed the use and efficacy of diagnostic strategies using artificial intelligence (AI). This review aims to explore how AI can enhance diagnostic accuracy, personalize treatment, and support clinical decisions in AR care. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2002 and 2025. Out of 1109 identified studies, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies involving 311,354 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, mainly from China and South Korea. Supervised machine learning was predominant, followed by Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithms. Overall, AI models demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve up to 0.93, sensitivity 91.5%, specificity 99.95%), which demonstrated a promising utility in diagnosis, risk prediction, and medication adherence. A key finding from this review is that AI models can serve as complementary tools beside gold standard methods. However, clinical adaptation will require external validation, interoperability with electronic health records, a clinicianfriendly design, and adherence to Good Machine Learning Practice. The lack of standardized comparator methods across studies remains a key limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric thoracic measurements and smoking habits in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax: A case-control study.","authors":"Gabija Kondrataviciute, Andrej Suchomlinov, Zymantas Jagelavicius","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_95_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_95_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is the spontaneous accumulation of air in the pleural space without any obvious reason. Although PSP typically occurs in young, thin, healthy males, the chest anthropometrics in PSP remain insufficiently explored. We aim to evaluate the chest anthropometrics and smoking habits of patients with PSP compared to healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight adult male participants (38 PSP patients and 20 healthy volunteers) aged between 18 and 30 years were included. The study focused on thoracic anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), height, weight, circumference, sagittal, transverse diameters, and chest height. Smoking habits and place of residence were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed between PSP patients and healthy controls in terms of weight (70.1 ± 9.7 kg vs. 78.1 ± 12.4 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.009) and BMI (20.9 ± 2.0 vs. 23.5 ± 3.9, <i>P</i> = 0.010). In addition, significant differences in thoracic sagittal diameter during inhalation (22.3 ± 2.1 cm vs. 24.0 ± 2.5 cm, <i>P</i> = 0.007) and exhalation (19.9 ± 2.0 cm vs. 21.4 ± 2.5 cm, <i>P</i> = 0.016) and transverse diameter during inhalation (30.7 ± 2.0 cm vs. 32.0 ± 2.5 cm, <i>P</i> = 0.037) were noted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that height, weight, and chest circumference on exhalation significantly influence PSP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSP patients exhibit distinct thoracic anthropometric characteristics compared to healthy individuals. Although no statistically significant relationship between smoking and PSP incidence was established, a notable trend suggests that smoking may increase the risk, highlighting the need for further research on this potential association.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: A single-center experience from the Middle East.","authors":"Sami M Bennji, B Jayakrishnan, Zamzam Al-Hashami, Raghavan Parli, Afraa Alhabsi, Issa Al Qarshoubi, Coenraad F N Koegelenberg","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_374_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_374_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endobronchial Ultrasound with Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a well-established tool in evaluating the diverse etiologies of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The objectives of our study included the estimation of overall, diagnostic yield in different primary tumors, and identification of the factors influencing yield.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a 3-year retrospective analytical study on patients with mediastinal lymph nodes who underwent EBUS-TBNA from January 2022 to December 2024 at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman. The study included only patients with complete pathological and medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 113 EBUS-TBNA done during the study period, 111 patients were included. The mean age was 60.32 ± 14.69 years. One hundred and sixty-nine nodes were sampled with 861 sampling passes for diagnostic, staging, and molecular in 71.2%, 25.2%, and 3.6%, respectively. A single station was sampled in 67.6%, with station 7 the most common (64.9%). The overall diagnostic yield was 85.6%. Yield varied significantly by primary site (<i>P</i> < 0.001); 100% in gastrointestinal, 88.6% in lung, and 81.3% in breast cancers, with malignancy diagnosed in 2 (22.2%), 29 (65.9%), and 9 (56.3%), respectively. The cytological diagnosis was reactive lymphadenopathy (27.0%), nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (21.6%), carcinoma not otherwise specified (13.5%), and granulomatous inflammation (13.5%). All type 3 nodes (11; 50%) were malignant, and all type 1 node (5; 22.7%) were benign in the 22 elastographies on patients with lung cancer (<i>P</i> < 0.001). No major complications were encountered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EBUS-TBNA has a high diagnostic yield in mediastinal lymphadenopathy. It should be considered as the primary invasive tool for both diagnostic and staging assessment of mediastinal nodes. However, its limitations are noticeable in suspected lymphoma and molecular analysis, noting that this conclusion is limited by the small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of β-agonists in prevention and treatment of acute lung injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Yuxiang Liu, Peng Ding, Qian Yang, Penghui Zhou, Weiyi Liu, Peiyang Gao","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_212_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_212_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) carry high mortality with limited drug therapies. β-agonists are potential candidates due to bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This meta-analysis evaluated their efficacy and safety in ALI/ARDS. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of β-agonists in ALI/ARDS were identified through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relative risks were used for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane tool was used to evaluate bias, and Cochran's Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Six RCTs involving 1213 participants met the inclusion criteria. Beta-agonists significantly reduced ventilator-free days (mean difference - 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.21 to - 0.75, P = 0.002, I2 = 68%) and intensive care unit (ICU)-free days (-6.57, P = 0.001). They were associated with nonsignificant trend toward higher 28-day mortality (risk ratio: 1.23, P = 0.10) and a significant increase in 90-day mortality (risk ratio: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03-1.89, P = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis confirmed robust results, showing increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias (risk ratio: 1.89, P = 0.0008) but no significant effect on organ failure-free days (-0.99, P = 0.31). In ARDS/ALI, β-agonists reduce ventilator-and ICU-free days but increase 90-day mortality and arrhythmia risk, with no impact on organ failure-free days. β-agonists are linked to long-term risks, such as increased mortality and arrhythmias, but they provide little clinical benefit in terms of reducing ventilator or intensive care unit time. They have no effect on the incidence of ARDS/ALI or outcomes of organ failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of intensive care unit versus general ward monitoring on length of stay in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction.","authors":"Andrew M Rabah, Jeffrey H Jennings, Medha R Cherabuddi, Rebecca A Priebe, Joseph F Hanania, Avi Cohen","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_56_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_56_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) offers several advantages over lung volume reduction surgery, such as faster recovery, fewer complications, and reduced infection risk; however, it also carries a risk of pneumothorax (PTX). This risk has led to the routine practice of admitting patients for observation to the intensive care unit (ICU) across various hospitals. However, the impact of care level, whether in the ICU or general ward, on length of stay (LOS) and postprocedural complications in BLVR patients remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether acuity of care affects LOS and postprocedural complication rates in patients who underwent BLVR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 240 patients' electronic medical records, calculated median LOS, and compared factors that influence LOS in patients admitted to the pulmonary ward (PW) and the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data revealed no statistically significant difference between the median LOS between patients who were admitted to the PW (median 3 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3-5) versus the ICU (median 3 days, 95% CI: 3-5). Postprocedural complications, including PTX, respiratory failure, arrhythmias requiring intervention, rates of valve removal during admission, and time from identification of PTX to chest tube placement, were similar between PW and ICU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With structured nursing education, monitoring post-BLVR patients in a nonhigh-acuity setting appears to be a safe alternative to ICU admission in facilities that perform BLVR.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the severity of asthma and computed tomography-based large airway structural changes among children under 3 years of age.","authors":"Xin Hou, Nan Li, Jing Yu, Yuewen Hao, Chaozong Ma, Jianli Pan, Jixin Liu, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_207_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_207_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The absence of objective and quantitative criteria of pediatric asthma is a persistent barrier in the early diagnosis and assessment of severity. Alterations in major airway structures in individuals with asthma may indicate the severity of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the morphologic characteristics of the respiratory tract with the degrees of the severity of asthma among the children under 3 years old.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of low-dose computed tomography (CT) data was performed to determine the potential predictive value of morphologic characteristics of big airways in determining the response to pharmacologic treatment in children with asthma <3 years of age. The analysis was performed using a machine learning approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and forty-four children with asthma were diagnosed with moderate (<i>n</i> = 164) and severe (<i>n</i> = 80) asthma by observing the drug treatment responses. When comparing across groups, patients with severe asthma displayed a greater degree of uneven wall thickness and ellipticity in the airways. This finding indicates that there are subtle alterations in the morphologic structure of big airways in children with severe asthma. In addition, the airway morphologic data were utilized to accurately classify moderate and severe cases, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 and an accuracy of 0.79.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The morphologic characteristics of the respiratory tract are closely related to the degrees of the severity of asthma among the children under 3 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staged and repeat endobronchial valve treatment for a right middle lobe giant bulla and left lower lobe emphysema in a patient with severe COPD.","authors":"Eung Gu Lee, Chin Kook Rhee","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_222_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/atm.atm_222_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increasing evidence of meaningful clinical benefit in patients with advanced emphysema, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves (EBVs) was included in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease report, as well as US Food and Drug Administration approval. However, bilateral BLVR using an EBV has been rarely reported. We report a case of successful and safe bilateral BLVR with staged EBV insertion. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5 years prior and has severe heterogeneous emphysema mainly situated in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe (LLL) with giant bullae in the right middle lobe. First, we successfully inserted an EBV into the right middle bronchus, and the bullae decreased dramatically in size. After 6 months of initial valve implantation, we inserted five additional valves into the left lower bronchi of the patient. About 3 years after the secondary EBV insertion, this patient experienced hemoptysis and aggravation of dyspnea. In bronchoscopy, EBV inserted into LB6 was displaced with the formation of granulation tissue, so the EBV was removed. Later, LB6 was fully obstructed by granulation tissue. Then, we inserted an additional EBV into the LLL basal segmental bronchus, and complete atelectasis of the LLL occurred. The patient's pulmonary function, symptoms, and quality of life were further improved. BLVR can serve as a good alternative treatment for appropriately selected patients, and the procedure can be repeated on the contralateral side of the lung. It is important to recognize granulation tissue formation and deal with them appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy combined with ulinastatin in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Siyao Zeng, Zhipeng Yao, Yue Li, Junbo Zheng, Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_32_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/atm.atm_32_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe clinical condition with high mortality, and effective adjunctive therapies remain limited. In recent years, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and ulinastatin have both been applied in ARDS management, but the clinical value of their combined use is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of CRRT combined with ulinastatin compared with CRRT alone in patients with ARDS. A comprehensive search of 11 English and Chinese databases was performed from inception to August 29, 2025. Randomized controlled trials enrolling adult patients with ARDS and comparing CRRT plus ulinastatin versus CRRT alone were included. Mortality was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, mechanical ventilation time (MVT), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score at 7 days, oxygenation index (OI) at 7 days, and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) at 7 days. Five studies involving 384 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed that combination therapy significantly reduced mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.60), ICU length of stay, MVT, and APACHE II scores at 7 days, and significantly improved OI and PaO₂ at 7 days compared with CRRT alone. Overall, current evidence of limited quality suggests that CRRT combined with ulinastatin may improve short-term clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS. Future rigorous, large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials are essential to verify these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Saudi Thoracic Society guidelines for community acquired pneumonia: A model for translating evidence into national practice.","authors":"Marcos I Restrepo","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_348_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/atm.atm_348_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}