{"title":"Turbulence Processes Within Turbidity Currents","authors":"M. Wells, R. Dorrell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060309","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment-laden gravity currents, or turbidity currents, are density-driven flows that transport vast quantities of particulate material across the floor of lakes and oceans. Turbidity currents are ...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49360857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fluid Mechanics of Cleaning and Decontamination of Surfaces","authors":"J. Landel, D. Wilson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-022820-113739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022820-113739","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of unwanted entities or soiling material from surfaces is an essential operation in many personal, industrial, societal, and environmental applications. The use of liquid cleansers for ...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022820-113739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42995374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Methods for Viscoelastic Fluid Flows","authors":"M. A. Alves, P. Oliveira, F. Pinho","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060107","url":null,"abstract":"Complex fluids exist in nature and are continually engineered for specific applications involving the addition of macromolecules to a solvent, among other means. This imparts viscoelasticity to the fluid, a property responsible for various flow instabilities and major modifications to the fluid dynamics. Recent developments in the numerical methods for the simulation of viscoelastic fluid flows, described by continuum-level differential constitutive equations, are surveyed, with a particular emphasis on the finite-volume method. This method is briefly described, and the main benchmark flows currently used in computational rheology to assess the performance of numerical methods are presented. Outstanding issues in numerical methods and novel and challenging applications of viscoelastic fluids, some of which require further developments in numerical methods, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44367002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistics of Extreme Events in Fluid Flows and Waves","authors":"T. Sapsis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-030420-032810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030420-032810","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme events in fluid flows, waves, or structures interacting with them are critical for a wide range of areas, including reliability and design in engineering, as well as modeling risk of natura...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030420-032810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixing by Oceanic Lee Waves","authors":"S. Legg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-051220-043904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-051220-043904","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic lee waves are generated in the deep stratified ocean by the flow of ocean currents over sea floor topography, and when they break, they can lead to mixing in the stably stratified ocean int...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-051220-043904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical Properties of Subgrid-Scale Turbulence Models","authors":"R. Moser, S. Haering, Gopal R. Yalla","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-060420-023735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-060420-023735","url":null,"abstract":"This review examines large eddy simulation (LES) models from the perspective of their a priori statistical characteristics. The most well-known statistical characteristic of an LES subgrid-scale mo...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-060420-023735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elastic Turbulence: An Experimental View on Inertialess Random Flow","authors":"V. Steinberg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060129","url":null,"abstract":"A viscous solvent laminar flow may be strongly modified by the addition of a tiny amount of long polymer molecules, resulting in a chaotic flow called elastic turbulence (ET). ET is attributed to p...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission","authors":"L. Bourouiba","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-060220-113712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-060220-113712","url":null,"abstract":"For an infectious disease such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to spread, contact needs to be established between an infected host and a susceptible one. In a range of populations and infectious diseases, peer-to-peer contact modes involve complex interactions of a pathogen with a fluid phase, such as isolated complex fluid droplets or a multiphase cloud of droplets. This is true for exhalations including coughs or sneezes in humans and animals, bursting bubbles leading to micron-sized droplets in a range of indoor and outdoor settings, or impacting raindrops and airborne pathogens in foliar diseases transferring pathogens from water to air via splashes. Our mechanistic understanding of how pathogens actually transfer from one host or reservoir to the next remains woefully limited, with the global consequences that we are all experiencing with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This review discusses the emergent area of the fluid dynamics of disease transmission. It highlights a new frontier and the rich multiscale fluid physics, from interfacial to multiphase and complex flows, that govern contact between an infected source and a susceptible target in a range of diseases.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-060220-113712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leonardo da Vinci and Fluid Mechanics","authors":"I. Marusic, Susan Broomhall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-022620-122816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022620-122816","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on Leonardo da Vinci's work and thought related to fluid mechanics as it is presented in a lifetime of notebooks, letters, and artwork. It shows how Leonardo's remaining works offer a complicated picture of unfinished, scattered, and frequently revisited hypotheses and conclusions. It argues that experimentation formed an important mechanism for Leonardo's thought about natural fluid flows, which was an innovation to the scientific thinking of his day, but which did not always lead him to the conclusions of modern fluid mechanics. It highlights the multiple and ambiguous meanings of turbulence in his works. It examines his thinking suggestive of modern concepts such as the no-slip condition, hydraulic jump, cardiovascular vortices, conservation of volume, and the distinctive path of ascending bubbles we now term Leonardo's paradox, among others. It demonstrates how Leonardo thought through analogies, building-block flow patterns, and synthesis, leading both to successes—especially in the management of water—and to failures, perhaps most obviously in his pursuit of human flight.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022620-122816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49254117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-Ray Flow Visualization in Multiphase Flows","authors":"A. Aliseda, T. Heindel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060201","url":null,"abstract":"The use of X-ray flow visualization has brought a powerful new tool to the study of multiphase flows. Penetrating radiation can probe the spatial concentration of the different phases without the refraction, diffraction, or multiple scattering that usually produce image artifacts or reduce the signal-to-noise ratio below reliable values in optical visualization of multiphase flows; hence, X-ray visualization enables research into the three-dimensional (3D) structure of multiphase flows characterized by complex interfaces. With the commoditization of X-ray laboratory sources and wider access to synchrotron beam time for fluid mechanics, this novel imaging technique has shed light onto many multiphase flows of industrial and environmental interest under realistic 3D configurations and at realistic operating conditions (high Reynolds numbers and high volume fractions) that had defied study for decades. We present a broad survey of the most commonly studied multiphase flows (e.g., sprays, fluidized beds, bubble columns) in order to highlight the progress X-ray imaging has made in understanding the internal structure and multiphase coupling of these flows, and we discuss the potential of advanced tomography and time-resolved and particle tracking radiography for further study of multiphase flows.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}