C. Muller, D. Yang, G. Craig, T. Cronin, B. Fildier, J. Haerter, C. Hohenegger, B. Mapes, D. Randall, S. Shamekh, S. Sherwood
{"title":"Spontaneous Aggregation of Convective Storms","authors":"C. Muller, D. Yang, G. Craig, T. Cronin, B. Fildier, J. Haerter, C. Hohenegger, B. Mapes, D. Randall, S. Shamekh, S. Sherwood","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319","url":null,"abstract":"Idealized simulations of the tropical atmosphere have predicted that clouds can spontaneously clump together in space, despite perfectly homogeneous settings. This phenomenon has been called self-aggregation, and it results in a state where a moist cloudy region with intense deep convective storms is surrounded by extremely dry subsiding air devoid of deep clouds. We review here the main findings from theoretical work and idealized models of this phenomenon, highlighting the physical processes believed to play a key role in convective self-aggregation. We also review the growing literature on the importance and implications of this phenomenon for the tropical atmosphere, notably, for the hydrological cycle and for precipitation extremes, in our current and in a warming climate. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 54 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flow and Drop Transport Along Liquid-Infused Surfaces","authors":"S. Hardt, G. McHale","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-030121-113156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030121-113156","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-infused surfaces (LISs) are composite solid–liquid surfaces with remarkable features such as liquid repellency, self-healing, and the suppression of fouling. This review focuses on the fluid mechanics on LISs, that is, the interaction of surfaces with a flow field and the behavior of drops on such surfaces. LISs can be characterized by an effective slip length that is closely related to their drag reduction property, which makes them suitable for several applications, especially for turbulent flows. Drag reduction, however, is compromised by failure mechanisms such as the drainage of lubricant from surface textures. The flow field can also sculpt the lubricant layer in a coupled self-organization process. For drops, the lubricant reduces drop pinning and increases drop mobility, but also results in a wetting ridge and the associated concept of an apparent contact angle. Design of LIS wettability and topography can induce low-friction drop motion, and drops can dynamically shape the lubricant ridges and film thickness. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 54 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiments in Surface Gravity–Capillary Wave Turbulence","authors":"E. Falcon, N. Mordant","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-021021-102043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-021021-102043","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen a significant increase in the number of studies devoted to wave turbulence. Many deal with water waves, as modeling of ocean waves has historically motivated the development of weak turbulence theory, which addresses the dynamics of a random ensemble of weakly nonlinear waves in interaction. Recent advances in experiments have shown that this theoretical picture is too idealized to capture experimental observations. While gravity dominates much of the oceanic spectrum, waves observed in the laboratory are in fact gravity–capillary waves, due to the restricted size of wave basins. This richer physics induces many interleaved physical effects far beyond the theoretical framework, notably in the vicinity of the gravity–capillary crossover. These include dissipation, finite–system size effects, and finite nonlinearity effects. Simultaneous space-and-time-resolved techniques, now available, open the way for a much more advanced analysis of these effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 54 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the Drag of Rough Surfaces","authors":"D. Chung, N. Hutchins, M. Schultz, K. Flack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-062520-115127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-062520-115127","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable full-scale prediction of drag due to rough wall-bounded turbulent fluid flow remains a challenge. Currently, the uncertainty is at least 10%, with consequences, for example, on energy and ...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":"439-471"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45772698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Levitation and Self-Organization of Droplets","authors":"V. Ajaev, O. Kabov","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-030620-094158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030620-094158","url":null,"abstract":"We review studies of levitating droplets over liquid–gas interfaces and dry solid surfaces with a focus on the physical mechanisms of levitation under different conditions. A fascinating physical p...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":"203-225"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46910739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layering, Instabilities, and Mixing in Turbulent Stratified Flows","authors":"Colm‐cille P. Caulfield","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-042320-100458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-042320-100458","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how turbulence leads to the enhanced irreversible transport of heat and other scalars such as salt and pollutants in density-stratified fluids is a fundamental and central problem in ...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":"113-145"},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-042320-100458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45859189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exact Coherent States and the Nonlinear Dynamics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows","authors":"M. Graham, D. Floryan","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-051820-020223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-051820-020223","url":null,"abstract":"Wall-bounded turbulence exhibits patterns that persist in time and space: coherent structures. These are important for transport processes and form a conceptual framework for important theoretical ...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-051820-020223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63963072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fluid Mechanics of Tidal Stream Energy Conversion","authors":"T. Adcock, S. Draper, R. Willden, C. Vogel","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-010719-060207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-010719-060207","url":null,"abstract":"Placing mechanical devices into fast-moving tidal streams to generate clean and predictable electricity is a developing technology. This review covers the fundamental fluid mechanics of this applic...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-FLUID-010719-060207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45541531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bluff Bodies and Wake–Wall Interactions","authors":"M. Thompson, T. Leweke, K. Hourigan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-072220-123637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-072220-123637","url":null,"abstract":"This review surveys the dramatic variations in wake structures and flow transitions, in addition to body forces, that appear as the motion of bluff bodies through a fluid occurs increasingly closer...","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-fluid-072220-123637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}