Jeff Niederdeppe, Amanda D Boyd, Andy J King, Rajiv N Rimal
{"title":"Strategies for Effective Public Health Communication in a Complex Information Environment.","authors":"Jeff Niederdeppe, Amanda D Boyd, Andy J King, Rajiv N Rimal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120721","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development and amplification of effective, culturally resonant, trustworthy, and evidence-based public health communication are urgently needed. Research evidence, theory, and practical experience from within and beyond the interdisciplinary field of health communication are well-positioned to help public health authorities, researchers, and advocates navigate the complex societal challenges that influence health and well-being in global contexts. This review offers a broad overview of the field, considers what constitutes \"effectiveness\" versus \"effects\" in public health communication, and describes core concepts of public health communication as a process rather than a product. We review domains and dominant foci of public health communication research, articulate challenges for health communication to advance health and social equity and address mis-/disinformation, and offer practical guidance on message development, audience segmentation, multilevel intervention, and evaluation of communication programs. We conclude by identifying important questions for future public health communication research, interventions, and funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"411-431"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12684255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Health Impacts of Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuel Toward Cleaner Energy.","authors":"Michelle L Bell, Kenneth T Gillingham","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-024649","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-024649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While energy transitions have always taken place, shifts have historically been primarily from one type of fossil fuel to another (e.g., from coal to oil). Yet today we are experiencing transitions away from fossil fuel toward cleaner and sustainable energy sources. These transitions include shifts to renewable energy, electric vehicles, pedestrian pathways and more walkable cities, energy efficiency measures in the built environment, and increased public transportation. This restructuring of our energy system will bring impacts on public health (e.g., improved air quality from lower use of traditional gasoline-powered vehicles). Furthermore, the transition can lower emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), thereby helping slow climate change and minimize its anticipated impacts on public health. While more work is needed to understand the full implications of these energy transitions, including the implications for environmental justice in terms of who will share in the health benefits and potential detriments such as increased emissions from brake wear for electric vehicles, the existing literature indicates substantial benefits to public health. Moving away from fossil fuel may offer a rare win-win strategy for a healthier society with a cleaner environment and lower GHGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunities to Improve Health Equity for Employees in Low-Wage Industries in the United States.","authors":"Peggy A Hannon, Jeffrey R Harris, David R Doody","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review describes employees working in low-wage industries in the United States, their health risks, and their access to health promotion and other health-related resources through their employers. We use publicly available datasets to illustrate how low-wage jobs affect employees' social determinants of health, health risk behaviors, and chronic conditions. We also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted these employees' and employers' health-related priorities and work settings. We describe employees' access to health supports through federal programs and their employers and the potential ways in which low-wage employers could support employee health and well-being. We close with a brief research and practice agenda to improve health equity for employees in low-wage industries. The goal of this review is to help practitioners and researchers in workplace health promotion, occupational health, and public health reach employees and employers in low-wage industries with interventions that address employees' health risks and employees' and employers' health priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"295-313"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine E M Miller, Chase Mulholland Green, Abigail Fassinger, Jennifer L Wolff
{"title":"Long-Term Care Services and Supports Needed for Successful Aging-in-Place: A Critical Review.","authors":"Katherine E M Miller, Chase Mulholland Green, Abigail Fassinger, Jennifer L Wolff","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-113604","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-113604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We summarize the state of the evidence on the long-term services and supports infrastructure to support aging-in-place. We find an extensive literature describing the importance of affordable medical and social services delivered in the home, support for family caregivers, and the role of technology for improving communication among patients, caregivers, and health care teams to support aging-in-place. We identify gaps in access to affordable services and an inadequate workforce prepared to support aging-in-place, raising concerns about meeting the future needs of our aging population. Interventions have been directed primarily at the individual level rather than at the system or policy level. Those systems-level interventions that do exist have been primarily within the health care sector: Little attention has been directed at developing holistic interventions that address multiple sectors, which reflects the lack of a cohesive public health delivery system for long-term services and supports nationally. Our findings collectively highlight the multifaceted nature of supports to enable aging-in-place and the necessity for future research to focus on drawing connections across domains of health services infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"487-505"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Purtle, Amanda I Mauri, Michael A Lindsey, Katherine M Keyes
{"title":"Evidence for Public Policies to Prevent Suicide Death in the United States.","authors":"Jonathan Purtle, Amanda I Mauri, Michael A Lindsey, Katherine M Keyes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-121359","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-121359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide rates have increased in the United States in recent years. Public policies have great potential to prevent suicide death, and well-designed quasi-experimental studies have identified policies that are effective at reducing suicide rates; however, evidence about these policies has not been synthesized. This review summarizes evidence across three domains of public policies: (<i>a</i>) policies that affect structural determinants of suicide risk (e.g., policies that improve economic security), (<i>b</i>) policies that promote access to clinical services (e.g., Medicaid expansion), and (<i>c</i>) policies that limit access to lethal means for completing suicide (e.g., policies that restrict access to firearms). The historical context of suicide prevention in US public policy is provided, considerations for successful suicide prevention policy implementation are discussed-such as policy awareness among key groups, enforcement, and sufficient funding-and priority areas for future research are enumerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"349-367"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12818951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health-Oriented Strategy for Clean Air and Climate Actions: Differential Health Effects of Atmospheric Components.","authors":"Tao Xue, Ning Kang, Tong Zhu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-015722","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-015722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health is at the forefront of clean air and climate action. However, most existing studies of health impacts were based on additive single-exposure effects, which often oversimplify the relationships between atmospheric components and health outcomes. This review examines various atmospheric components' common sources and differential health effects, including greenhouse gases and major air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). It emphasizes the need for a comparative assessment of health impacts across various atmospheric components. We further highlight black carbon as an illustrative example, given its higher toxicity compared with other major PM<sub>2.5</sub> components. By integrating the best available findings on the differential effects of particulate matter components with multiple gridded estimates of air pollution concentrations and population data, we conducted a risk assessment to quantify the health benefits of particulate matter reductions associated with China's clean air actions (2013-2020) and future climate mitigation scenarios (2020-2060). Our assessments indicate that, in regions or during periods where black carbon accounts for a higher proportion of exposure reduction relative to other PM<sub>2.5</sub> components, reducing per-unit concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> can prevent more premature deaths. We propose a conceptual framework for a health-oriented strategy to enhance the effectiveness of clean air and climate initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"275-294"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantification of Epigenetic Aging in Public Health.","authors":"Cynthia D J Kusters, Steve Horvath","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-015657","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-015657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimators of biological age hold promise for use in preventive medicine, for early detection of chronic conditions, and for monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving population health. Among the promising biomarkers in this field are DNA methylation-based biomarkers, commonly referred to as epigenetic clocks. This review provides a survey of these clocks, with an emphasis on second-generation clocks that predict human morbidity and mortality. It explores the validity of epigenetic clocks when considering factors such as race, sex differences, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Furthermore, the review addresses the current challenges and limitations in this research area.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"91-110"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saving the Health Care Safety Net: Progress and Opportunities.","authors":"Paula Chatterjee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-121237","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-121237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The health care safety net provides essential clinical care and social services for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured populations in the United States. Despite these important functions, the health care safety net has experienced recurrent financial instability, growing market pressures, and workforce strain. Payment reform has also introduced unique challenges for safety net providers related to measuring and reaching quality benchmarks. A common theme among these challenges is that many of them result from applying standard health policy approaches to the safety net instead of using safety net-specific approaches. This review describes progress toward strengthening the safety net, key challenges, and opportunities moving forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"525-539"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Fernandez, Jordon Jaggers, Allison E Norton, Cosby Stone, Elizabeth Phillips
{"title":"Adverse Events Following Vaccines: From Detection to Research Translation.","authors":"Edward Fernandez, Jordon Jaggers, Allison E Norton, Cosby Stone, Elizabeth Phillips","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-102841","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-102841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are lifesaving interventions that reduce the morbidity and mortality of disease. Fortunately, serious adverse events with vaccination are uncommon, but they must promptly be recognized and evaluated to assess and clarify the safety of future administration, a process that the public must understand in order to feel safe in receiving vaccines. In this article, we provide a review of vaccine development, discuss the process by which safety is ensured, and describe key adverse events associated with their administration. We review in detail existing mechanisms for reporting these events and assessing them following recovery, as well as communication related to vaccine safety. We also describe barriers to vaccination, such as nocebo effects and antivaccination groups, and use lessons learned from the successful development of COVID-19 vaccines during the recent pandemic to define future opportunities and directions for vaccine safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facing Challenges for Reducing Weight Stigma in Public Health Policy and Practice.","authors":"Rebecca M Puhl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060722-024519","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060722-024519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence and harms of societal weight stigma have increased attention to its presence in public health approaches and communication. Calls to action from scholars, advocates, and health professionals emphasize the need to address weight stigma as a social justice issue and eliminate harmful narratives that perpetuate weight bias and discrimination in public health messages, practices, and policies. However, debates surrounding issues of weight stigma in public health complicate, and at times impair, efforts to effectively address this problem. Different (and sometimes opposing) perspectives include views about the health risks versus stigma effects of high body weight, the use of body mass index (BMI) as a metric of health, weight-normative (i.e., weight-centric) versus weight-inclusive treatment approaches, stigmatizing language used to describe body weight, and potential challenges when framing obesity as a disease. This review summarizes the current evidence, debates, and best practices related to weight stigma in public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}