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Annual Review of Public Health最新文献

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Conceptualizing and Measuring Systemic Racism.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-032022
Tyson H Brown, Hedwig E Lee, Margaret T Hicken, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Patricia Homan
{"title":"Conceptualizing and Measuring Systemic Racism.","authors":"Tyson H Brown, Hedwig E Lee, Margaret T Hicken, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Patricia Homan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-032022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-032022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a guide for rigorous, theory-driven measurement approaches, proposing best practices for the scientific study of systemic racism in health research. We argue that the analytical crux of measuring systemic racism-a complex, interconnected, and dynamic system-lies in operationalizing the collective logics, properties, and mechanisms that undergird racial inequities. Misalignment between measurement tools and these foundational features undermines research validity, as incongruent measures distort findings and obscure systemic racism's true impacts. To address this, we draw on interdisciplinary theories and evidence to dissect key features of systemic racism, emphasizing their implications for measurement. We further recommend incorporating temporal processes in health research by leveraging core principles of the life course perspective, which elucidate the intricate interplay of individual, historical, and societal trajectories. Our recommendations underscore the necessity of adopting robust, evidence-based methods to advance the understanding of how systemic racism operates and shapes public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Health Insurance on Mortality.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-042335
Helen Levy, Thomas C Buchmueller
{"title":"The Impact of Health Insurance on Mortality.","authors":"Helen Levy, Thomas C Buchmueller","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-042335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-042335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2008 review in the <i>Annual Review of Public Health</i> considered the question of whether health insurance improves health. The answer was a cautious yes because few studies provided convincing causal evidence. We revisit this question by focusing on a single outcome: mortality. Because of multiple high-quality studies published since 2008, which exploit new sources of quasi-experimental variation as well as new empirical approaches to evaluating older data, our answer is more definitive. Studies using different data sources and research designs provide credible evidence that health insurance coverage reduces mortality. The effects, which tend to be strongest for adults in middle age or older and for children, are generally evident shortly after coverage gains and grow over time. The evidence now unequivocally supports the conclusion that health insurance improves health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence for Public Policies to Prevent Suicide Death in the United States.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-121359
Jonathan Purtle, Amanda I Mauri, Michael A Lindsey, Katherine M Keyes
{"title":"Evidence for Public Policies to Prevent Suicide Death in the United States.","authors":"Jonathan Purtle, Amanda I Mauri, Michael A Lindsey, Katherine M Keyes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-121359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-121359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide rates have increased in the United States in recent years. Public policies have great potential to prevent suicide death, and well-designed quasi-experimental studies have identified policies that are effective at reducing suicide rates; however, evidence about these policies has not been synthesized. This review summarizes evidence across three domains of public policies: (<i>a</i>) policies that affect structural determinants of suicide risk (e.g., policies that improve economic security), (<i>b</i>) policies that promote access to clinical services (e.g., Medicaid expansion), and (<i>c</i>) policies that limit access to lethal means for completing suicide (e.g., policies that restrict access to firearms). The historical context of suicide prevention in US public policy is provided, considerations for successful suicide prevention policy implementation are discussed-such as policy awareness among key groups, enforcement, and sufficient funding-and priority areas for future research are enumerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Next Steps in Efforts to Address the Obesity Epidemic.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-044108
Yuilyn A Chang Chusan, Ihuoma Eneli, Erin Hennessy, Nicolaas P Pronk, Christina D Economos
{"title":"Next Steps in Efforts to Address the Obesity Epidemic.","authors":"Yuilyn A Chang Chusan, Ihuoma Eneli, Erin Hennessy, Nicolaas P Pronk, Christina D Economos","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-044108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-044108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity prevalence continues to rise globally at alarming rates, with adverse health and economic implications. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an analysis of selected evidence about the current knowledge in the obesity literature, including a synthesis of current challenges in obesity and its determinants. In addition, we review past and current efforts to combat the obesity epidemic, highlighting both successful efforts and areas for further development. Last, we offer insights into the next steps to address the obesity epidemic and advance the field of obesity through both research and practice by (<i>a</i>) adopting a systems perspective, (<i>b</i>) fostering cross-sector and community collaborations, (<i>c</i>) advancing health equity, (<i>d</i>) narrowing the research-to-practice and research-to-policy gaps with multidisciplinary approaches, and (<i>e</i>) embracing complementary approaches for concurrent obesity prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Policy Impacts on Chronic Disease Risk Reduction: The Science and Art of Policy Rating Systems. 评估政策对降低慢性病风险的影响：政策评级系统的科学与艺术》。
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-113826
Jamie F Chriqui, Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter, Rebecca M Schermbeck, Abhery Das
{"title":"Assessing Policy Impacts on Chronic Disease Risk Reduction: The Science and Art of Policy Rating Systems.","authors":"Jamie F Chriqui, Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter, Rebecca M Schermbeck, Abhery Das","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-113826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-113826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public policies have been instrumental in influencing population health, and the desire to study their impact led to the development of the fields of policy surveillance and legal epidemiology. The standardized practice of creating policy measurement systems allows researchers to track and evaluate policy impacts across jurisdictions and over time. Policy measures may take many forms, including dichotomous measures, ordinal ratings, composite measures, or scale measures. The policy measures are determined largely based on the research question but should also consider factors impacting policy implementation and equity. Many sources of evidence, including expert input, national standards, scientific evidence, and existing policies, can be used in the development of policy rating systems. Any rating system must be tested, reliable, and clearly documented to create a robust and rigorous dataset. This article reviews key considerations for the development of policy rating systems for use in public health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health-Oriented Strategy for Clean Air and Climate Actions: Differential Health Effects of Atmospheric Components. 以健康为导向的清洁空气和气候行动战略：大气成分对健康的不同影响。
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-015722
Tao Xue, Ning Kang, Tong Zhu
{"title":"Health-Oriented Strategy for Clean Air and Climate Actions: Differential Health Effects of Atmospheric Components.","authors":"Tao Xue, Ning Kang, Tong Zhu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-015722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-015722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health is at the forefront of clean air and climate action. However, most existing studies of health impacts were based on additive single-exposure effects, which often oversimplify the relationships between atmospheric components and health outcomes. This review examines various atmospheric components' common sources and differential health effects, including greenhouse gases and major air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). It emphasizes the need for a comparative assessment of health impacts across various atmospheric components. We further highlight black carbon as an illustrative example, given its higher toxicity compared with other major PM<sub>2.5</sub> components. By integrating the best available findings on the differential effects of particulate matter components with multiple gridded estimates of air pollution concentrations and population data, we conducted a risk assessment to quantify the health benefits of particulate matter reductions associated with China's clean air actions (2013-2020) and future climate mitigation scenarios (2020-2060). Our assessments indicate that, in regions or during periods where black carbon accounts for a higher proportion of exposure reduction relative to other PM<sub>2.5</sub> components, reducing per-unit concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> can prevent more premature deaths. We propose a conceptual framework for a health-oriented strategy to enhance the effectiveness of clean air and climate initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harm Reduction: The Neglected Pillar of US Drug Policy.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-112620
Brendan Saloner, Daliah Heller, Corey S Davis, Susan G Sherman
{"title":"Harm Reduction: The Neglected Pillar of US Drug Policy.","authors":"Brendan Saloner, Daliah Heller, Corey S Davis, Susan G Sherman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-112620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-112620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harm reduction programs provide tools that enable people who use drugs to do so more safely in a nonstigmatizing environment without the goal of them necessarily seeking treatment or abstinence. Most harm reduction programs in the United States distribute sterile syringes and naloxone and safely dispose of used syringes and other drug use supplies. Many also provide drug checking services, and other safer use supplies. These programs exist on a limited scale and often face restrictions on their funding and scope of operations. While research demonstrates the effectiveness of existing programs in preventing infectious disease transmission and fatal overdose, there is less evidence about conditions that support the effective expansion and sustainment of existing models. Other harm reduction interventions such as overdose prevention centers and safer supply programs have promising international evidence but are prohibited or severely restricted under US law. In this review, we summarize the evidence for harm reduction interventions, describe the policy environment in which they exist, and provide recommendations to better align drug policy with existing and emerging evidence in the US context.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Burden of Disease from Environmental Factors. 环境因素造成的全球疾病负担。
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-105338
Sierra N Clark, Susan C Anenberg, Michael Brauer
{"title":"Global Burden of Disease from Environmental Factors.","authors":"Sierra N Clark, Susan C Anenberg, Michael Brauer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-105338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-105338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimation of the disease burden attributable to environmental factors is a powerful tool for prioritizing environmental and pollution management and public health actions around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been estimating the environmental disease burden since 2000, which has formed the basis for the modern estimation approach conducted in the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor (GBD) study. In 2021, environmental and occupational risk factors in the GBD were responsible for 18.9% (12.8 million) of global deaths and 14.4% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), led by ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> air pollution (4.2% DALYs, 4.7 million deaths) and household air pollution (3.9% DALYs, 3.1 million deaths). Climate change exacerbates many environmental hazards, leading to increased disease burdens from heat, air pollution, vector-borne diseases, storms, and flooding. Other environmental risk factors not included in the GBD, such as poor indoor air quality, various chemical exposures, and environmental noise pollution, also significantly contribute to disease burden in many countries, though more efforts are needed to generate and integrate data resources for inclusion in global estimations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantification of Epigenetic Aging in Public Health.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-015657
Cynthia D J Kusters, Steve Horvath
{"title":"Quantification of Epigenetic Aging in Public Health.","authors":"Cynthia D J Kusters, Steve Horvath","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-015657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-015657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimators of biological age hold promise for use in preventive medicine, for early detection of chronic conditions, and for monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving population health. Among the promising biomarkers in this field are DNA methylation-based biomarkers, commonly referred to as epigenetic clocks. This review provides a survey of these clocks, with an emphasis on second-generation clocks that predict human morbidity and mortality. It explores the validity of epigenetic clocks when considering factors such as race, sex differences, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Furthermore, the review addresses the current challenges and limitations in this research area.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maintaining Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in a Changing World.
IF 21.4 1区 医学
Annual Review of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-111427
Anurima Baidya, Victoria Willens, Chizoba Wonodi, William J Moss
{"title":"Maintaining Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in a Changing World.","authors":"Anurima Baidya, Victoria Willens, Chizoba Wonodi, William J Moss","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-111427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-111427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunization has saved an estimated 154 million lives over the past 50 years since the launch of the Essential (formerly Expanded) Program on Immunization in 1974, representing 6 lives saved every minute, every year, for 50 years. But achieving and maintaining high immunization coverage have required sustained political and public commitment, financial resources, strong partnerships, research and innovation, and communication and advocacy. New and evolving challenges to maintaining high immunization coverage have emerged alongside long-standing stubborn obstacles. We review some of these key challenges to immunization in this dynamic, changing world and summarize some promising solutions. Success in some regions of the world in eliminating polio, measles, and rubella, and reducing morbidity and mortality from other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), should provide hope that progress can be made in achieving and maintaining high immunization coverage. We cannot afford to do otherwise.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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