Anurima Baidya, Victoria Willens, Chizoba Wonodi, William J Moss
{"title":"Maintaining Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in a Changing World.","authors":"Anurima Baidya, Victoria Willens, Chizoba Wonodi, William J Moss","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-111427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-111427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunization has saved an estimated 154 million lives over the past 50 years since the launch of the Essential (formerly Expanded) Program on Immunization in 1974, representing 6 lives saved every minute, every year, for 50 years. But achieving and maintaining high immunization coverage have required sustained political and public commitment, financial resources, strong partnerships, research and innovation, and communication and advocacy. New and evolving challenges to maintaining high immunization coverage have emerged alongside long-standing stubborn obstacles. We review some of these key challenges to immunization in this dynamic, changing world and summarize some promising solutions. Success in some regions of the world in eliminating polio, measles, and rubella, and reducing morbidity and mortality from other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), should provide hope that progress can be made in achieving and maintaining high immunization coverage. We cannot afford to do otherwise.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging Innovation and Equity: Advancing Public Health Through Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions.","authors":"Nur Hani Zainal, Xueqing Liu, Utek Leong, Xiaoxi Yan, Bibhas Chakraborty","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-103909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-103909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the transformative potential of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) as a scalable solution for addressing health disparities in underserved populations. JITAIs, delivered via mobile health technologies, could provide context-aware personalized interventions based on real-time data to address public health challenges such as addiction, chronic disease, and mental health management. JITAIs can dynamically adjust intervention strategies, enhancing accessibility and engagement for marginalized communities. We highlight the utility of JITAIs in reducing opportunity costs associated with traditional in-person health interventions. Examples from various health domains demonstrate the adaptability of JITAIs in tailoring interventions to meet diverse needs. The review also emphasizes the need for community involvement, robust evaluation frameworks, and ethical considerations in implementing JITAIs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Sustainable funding models and technological innovations are necessary to ensure equitable access and effectively scale these interventions. By bridging the gap between research and practice, JITAIs could improve health outcomes and reduce disparities in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeff Niederdeppe, Amanda D Boyd, Andy J King, Rajiv N Rimal
{"title":"Strategies for Effective Public Health Communication in a Complex Information Environment.","authors":"Jeff Niederdeppe, Amanda D Boyd, Andy J King, Rajiv N Rimal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development and amplification of effective, culturally resonant, trustworthy, and evidence-based public health communication are urgently needed. Research evidence, theory, and practical experience from within and beyond the interdisciplinary field of health communication are well-positioned to help public health authorities, researchers, and advocates navigate the complex societal challenges that influence health and well-being in global contexts. This review offers a broad overview of the field, considers what constitutes \"effectiveness\" versus \"effects\" in public health communication, and describes core concepts of public health communication as a process rather than a product. We review domains and dominant foci of public health communication research, articulate challenges for health communication to advance health and social equity and address mis-/disinformation, and offer practical guidance on message development, audience segmentation, multilevel intervention, and evaluation of communication programs. We conclude by identifying important questions for future public health communication research, interventions, and funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Fernandez, Jordon Jaggers, Allison E Norton, Cosby Stone, Elizabeth Phillips
{"title":"Adverse Events Following Vaccines: From Detection to Research Translation.","authors":"Edward Fernandez, Jordon Jaggers, Allison E Norton, Cosby Stone, Elizabeth Phillips","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-102841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-102841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are lifesaving interventions that reduce the morbidity and mortality of disease. Fortunately, serious adverse events with vaccination are uncommon, but they must promptly be recognized and evaluated to assess and clarify the safety of future administration, a process that the public must understand in order to feel safe in receiving vaccines. In this article, we provide a review of vaccine development, discuss the process by which safety is ensured, and describe key adverse events associated with their administration. We review in detail existing mechanisms for reporting these events and assessing them following recovery, as well as communication related to vaccine safety. We also describe barriers to vaccination, such as nocebo effects and antivaccination groups, and use lessons learned from the successful development of COVID-19 vaccines during the recent pandemic to define future opportunities and directions for vaccine safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adapting Public Health and Health Services Interventions in Diverse, Real-World Settings: Documentation and Iterative Guidance of Adaptations.","authors":"Borsika A Rabin, Kelli L Cain, Russell E Glasgow","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-041652","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-041652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When complex public health and health services interventions are implemented in real-world settings, adaptations should be expected, embraced, and studied rather than suppressed and ignored. A substantial amount of recent research has been conducted on the assessment of some types of adaptations, and interest in guiding adaptations to both interventions and implementation strategies is growing. However, there is still a need to investigate the optimal ways to systematically and pragmatically document, analyze, and iteratively guide adaptations as well as to measure the impact of those adaptations on implementation and effectiveness outcomes. This article reviews key findings from the adaptations assessment literature, frameworks to guide classification of adaptations, and methodologies to study adaptations and their impact. We summarize research from diverse settings and populations from public health and health services research on the use of these methodologies and make recommendations for research, practice research, and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron R Lyon, Tricia Aung, Kathryn E Bruzios, Sean Munson
{"title":"Human-Centered Design to Enhance Implementation and Impact in Health.","authors":"Aaron R Lyon, Tricia Aung, Kathryn E Bruzios, Sean Munson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-122337","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-122337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-centered design (HCD) is an approach that aligns innovation development with the needs of the people and the settings where those innovations will be used. HCD is increasingly being applied across a variety of health domains, most often with the goals of translating research into real-world settings and expanding innovation adoption. This review introduces key HCD concepts, reviews the growth of HCD in public health and its alignment with the complementary field of implementation science, and details four prominent proximal outcomes of design processes: (<i>a</i>) usability, (<i>b</i>) user burden, (<i>c</i>) contextual appropriateness, and (<i>d</i>) engagement. For each outcome, we provide a definition and background, measurement options, and critiques and future directions. We conclude with a series of opportunities and challenges, including an inclusive big tent spanning different design traditions, pathways for enhancing HCD's scientific legitimacy, and explicit promotion of equitable design processes to improve individual, community, and population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madison Coots, Kristin A Linn, Sharad Goel, Amol S Navathe, Ravi B Parikh
{"title":"Racial Bias in Clinical and Population Health Algorithms: A Critical Review of Current Debates.","authors":"Madison Coots, Kristin A Linn, Sharad Goel, Amol S Navathe, Ravi B Parikh","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-112058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071823-112058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among health care researchers, there is increasing debate over how best to assess and ensure the fairness of algorithms used for clinical decision support and population health, particularly concerning potential racial bias. Here we first distill concerns over the fairness of health care algorithms into four broad categories: (<i>a</i>) the explicit inclusion (or, conversely, the exclusion) of race and ethnicity in algorithms, (<i>b</i>) unequal algorithm decision rates across groups, (<i>c</i>) unequal error rates across groups, and (<i>d</i>) potential bias in the target variable used in prediction. With this taxonomy, we critically examine seven prominent and controversial health care algorithms. We show that popular approaches that aim to improve the fairness of health care algorithms can in fact worsen outcomes for individuals across all racial and ethnic groups. We conclude by offering an alternative, consequentialist framework for algorithm design that mitigates these harms by instead foregrounding outcomes and clarifying trade-offs in the pursuit of equitable decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunities to Improve Health Equity for Employees in Low-Wage Industries in the United States.","authors":"Peggy A Hannon, Jeffrey R Harris, David R Doody","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-120104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review describes employees working in low-wage industries in the United States, their health risks, and their access to health promotion and other health-related resources through their employers. We use publicly available datasets to illustrate how low-wage jobs affect employees' social determinants of health, health risk behaviors, and chronic conditions. We also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted these employees' and employers' health-related priorities and work settings. We describe employees' access to health supports through federal programs and their employers and the potential ways in which low-wage employers could support employee health and well-being. We close with a brief research and practice agenda to improve health equity for employees in low-wage industries. The goal of this review is to help practitioners and researchers in workplace health promotion, occupational health, and public health reach employees and employers in low-wage industries with interventions that address employees' health risks and employees' and employers' health priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micah R Lattanner, Sarah McKetta, John E Pachankis, Mark L Hatzenbuehler
{"title":"State of the Science of Structural Stigma and LGBTQ+ Health: Meta-Analytic Evidence, Research Gaps, and Future Directions.","authors":"Micah R Lattanner, Sarah McKetta, John E Pachankis, Mark L Hatzenbuehler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-013336","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-013336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While public health practitioners and scholars have long theorized that structural forms of stigma shape the health of disadvantaged groups, they have frequently bemoaned the lack of research on this topic. A unique opportunity to address this lacuna occurred in the past two decades, with the advent of dramatic changes in laws, social attitudes, and other structural manifestations of stigma surrounding LGBTQ+ individuals. In a review of this literature, we conducted a meta-analysis of LGBTQ+ structural stigma and health, finding an effect size comparable to several other well-established macrolevel risk factors for poor health (e.g., income inequality, racial residential segregation, neighborhood socioeconomic status). In addition, we enumerated a range of established methodological strategies that studies have used to strengthen inferences; these strategies include documenting result specificity (i.e., structural stigma is unrelated to the health of cisgender heterosexuals), addressing alternative explanations (e.g., social selection), and triangulating evidence across multiple methods, measures, and health outcomes. We offer suggestions for future research to advance this rapidly expanding field, including identifying sources of unexplained heterogeneity in the structural stigma-health association. Finally, we discuss implications for other marginalized groups and for public health interventions and policies to reduce LGBTQ+ health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Tara L Maudrie, Susanna V Lopez
{"title":"Stagnating Life Expectancy Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Understanding the Drivers and Recommendations for Research, Policy, and Practice.","authors":"Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Tara L Maudrie, Susanna V Lopez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-110657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-110657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life expectancy among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) has declined from 72 years in 2019 to 68 years in 2021. This current life expectancy for AI/ANs is equivalent to the overall life expectancy in the United States population in the 1940s. The significant and persistent nature of AI/AN health inequities, and the lack of clarity around what is driving them, requires urgent action. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we provide a comprehensive conceptual framework of health that presents Indigenous perspectives of health and recognizes settler colonialism as a key structural determinant of the health of AI/ANs. Second, we underscore the importance of Tribal self-determination and sovereignty in public health research and practice and identify successful initiatives centering these efforts. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50752,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}