Annual Reviews in Control最新文献

{"title":"A perspective and review on adaptive mission planning and hazard monitoring during emergencies with autonomous unmanned systems","authors":"Daniele Giovanni Gioia ,&nbsp;Katharina Glock ,&nbsp;Jens Kahlen","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental emergency scenarios often involve dynamic hazards whose progression is difficult to predict due to inherent uncertainties and time dependencies. Although mathematical models exist to approximate these dynamics, they are often incomplete or imprecise. Consequently, real-time data are crucial for refining understanding of the situation, enhancing situation awareness and improving response strategies.</div><div>Recent advances in autonomous unmanned systems, such as drones or tracked robots, have enabled rapid, on-the-ground data collection. These systems often offer cost-effective and flexible means to continuously update models, allowing for adaptive monitoring that can track evolving hazards. However, the variety of systems, application domains, and methodological approaches spread across various research domains presents a challenge for future research.</div><div>This work provides a perspective and structured synthesis of techniques for integrating in situ observations into adaptive models for situation awareness, framed through an overarching sequential decision-making view and a control hierarchy for autonomous unmanned systems. Specifically, it focuses on recurring design principles in common emergency application contexts such as wildfires, CBRN, and flood and storm systems, and in adaptive information gathering and data fusion methods. Common principles that have emerged largely independently across domains are highlighted and key challenges that originate in this heterogeneity of approaches are identified. Particular attention is given to their transferability to real-world applications. Therefore, this study organizes fragmented research fields, offering a unifying set of concepts, limitations, and future perspectives for adaptive monitoring of dynamic environmental hazards with unmanned systems in emergency scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced control in energy systems and review of future developments in marine energy system control","authors":"Charlotte Löffler,&nbsp;Rinze Geertsma,&nbsp;Henk Polinder,&nbsp;Andrea Coraddu","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trend of electrification of propulsion systems also introduced all-electric drive in the maritime sector. Maritime all-electric drive systems operate using an energy system containing a variety of components, such as batteries, internal combustion engines, or fuel cells. The introduction of new components in the energy system increases both the flexibility as well as the complexity of the system operation. The most commonly used rule-based control is no longer sufficient to solve the control problem. Consequently, the usage of advanced control strategies in maritime has become a topic of research in recent years. In the operation of a maritime energy system, several objectives are of interest as targets of the optimisation, including cost, emission, or an enlargement of component lifetime. Depending on the choice of objective, the control strategy can differ. By integrating multiple objectives in control, the operation is optimised to find the best working point to fulfil the different interests. This article first reviews the commonly used advanced control structures in the maritime, automotive, and building control sectors. A comparison is used to identify further potential for advanced control usage in marine applications. In addition, the implementation of advanced control is reviewed in architecture and optimisation algorithms. Secondly, the control objectives used in the literature are presented and analysed in terms of their usage and potential of the combination. Thirdly, the currently used validation strategies and published results are reviewed and interpreted in terms of potential and required future work. Lastly, open gaps in the state of research are identified and potential for future work is outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":14.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148566702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unified Lyapunov method for ISS of PDEs: A tutorial on constructing generalized Lyapunov functionals for parabolic and hyperbolic equations","authors":"Jun Zheng,&nbsp;Guchuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This tutorial provides an overview of the generalized Lyapunov method (GLM) for analyzing input-to-state stability (ISS) of partial differential equations (PDEs). We begin by revisiting the classical Lyapunov method and the standard ISS-Lyapunov theorem, highlighting their limitations when applied to systems with complex boundary disturbances. In contrast, the GLM, based on the concept of generalized Lyapunov functionals (GLFs) that explicitly depend on the external input, offers greater flexibility and efficiency, particularly for PDEs with Dirichlet-type boundary disturbances. The main objective of this tutorial is to demonstrate how to systematically construct GLFs to establish ISS estimates in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> norms with any <span><math><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo>∈</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>∞</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> for different PDEs. Specifically, we consider three representative classes of PDEs: (i) an <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>-dimensional nonlinear parabolic equation with mixed nonlinear boundary disturbances, (ii) a first order nonlinear hyperbolic equation with boundary disturbances, and (iii) a second order linear hyperbolic equation, i.e., a wave equation, with boundary damping and disturbances. For each case, we provide step-by-step constructions of appropriate GLFs and derive explicit ISS estimates, illustrating the general applicability of the GLM. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions, including the systematic construction of GLFs for broader classes of PDEs and their applications in controller design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":14.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148554592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid fault diagnosis in the process and chemical industries: A review","authors":"Linda Eydam,&nbsp;Hannes Lange,&nbsp;Leon Urbas","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is essential for ensuring the safe and economic operation of chemical plants, as well as minimizing downtime. This is why research in this area has been active in recent years. Typically, faults are detected and diagnosed only after they have occurred. Because of this the damage caused cannot be prevented. Predictive detection and diagnosis methods could prevent this by detecting and resolving faults before they occur. In this context, drifts and their detection and diagnosis are considered. Another complicating factor is that multiple faults may occur simultaneously and require diagnosis. How many methods address the predictive detection and diagnosis of faults? How effective are FDD methods at detecting and diagnosing simultaneous faults? To answer these questions, a systematic literature review was conducted using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol. Several hybrid approaches were compared based on criteria regarding their hybridity, requirements, diagnostic capabilities, goals, and applications. The methods were evaluated based on their ability to perform predictive FDD and diagnose simultaneous faults. Then, a qualitative decision-making logic was developed to support the selection of methods for different purposes. However, the evaluation results showed that none of the methods could perform early FDD and multiple-fault diagnosis. Conclusions were therefore drawn regarding promising strategies for developing new methods. Future research should focus on overcoming structural limitations and other obstacles to enable early fault detection and multiple-fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":14.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing-based multi-agent formation control: A survey and taxonomy","authors":"Haifan Su ,&nbsp;Ziwen Yang ,&nbsp;Shanying Zhu ,&nbsp;Cailian Chen ,&nbsp;Xinping Guan ,&nbsp;Lihua Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formation control of multi-agent systems (MASs) using bearing measurements has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Compared to positions and displacements, bearing measurements contain the least information, which cost-effective sensors in many practical applications can easily measure. However, a critical challenge arises from the conflict between the achieved formation maneuvers and the incomplete observability of bearings, which lack distance information. Past surveys have primarily focused on methods based on static formation shapes, such as bearing rigidity, but lack a systematic overview of approaches through persistence of excitation (PE) variations in bearings over time. Thus, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey and introduce a two-level taxonomy for bearing-based formation control methods of MASs. The taxonomy reveals that to achieve shape-invariant maneuvers or both shape-invariant and shape-varying maneuvers, the control methods need to steer the formation frameworks to satisfy rigidity (including bearing rigidity and angle rigidity) and PE (including agent-to-center PE, neighboring-pair PE, and entire-MAS PE) conditions, respectively. This guarantees the observability of the agents’ positions and hence the convergence of the formation tracking errors. We also review approaches that combine bearings with other measurements, organized by increasing flexibility of the achieved maneuvers. The survey also includes an overview of experimental platforms for bearing observation and discusses future challenges and directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling myocardium structural changes during atrial fibrillation using variable-order derivatives","authors":"Juan P. Ugarte ,&nbsp;Catalina Tobón","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by rapid and chaotic electrical impulse propagation. While most computational models of cardiac electrophysiology focus on representing the electrical component, other factors, such as myocardial structure, also play a critical role in sustaining AF. Structural heterogeneities in the myocardium are known to modulate cardiac electrophysiology. This paper presents a novel electrophysiological model of atrial electrical dynamics using variable-order fractional derivatives. Previous studies have used fractional calculus operators with constant fractional orders to represent structural heterogeneities. However, structural alterations are progressive and contribute to AF development. To address this, we design two time-dependent functions for the fractional variable-order, inspired by experimental observations of atrial dilation and de-dilation, as well as stretch-relaxation cycles of cardiomyocytes. A phenomenological model of cardiac ionic kinetics is parameterized to reproduce action potentials under sinus rhythm and AF, and it is integrated into the variable-order model. Fibrillatory propagation is simulated by initiating a reentrant wave, establishing a stable rotor. The simulations are analyzed using phase singularity analysis to characterize propagation dynamics and dominant frequency analysis to quantify the local activation rate. Our results demonstrate that the model captures a diverse range of AF propagation patterns consistent with experimental observations, depending on the parameterization of the variable fractional order. Under sinus rhythm conditions, the propagation dynamics are either insensitive to variations in the variable fractional order or unable to sustain fibrillatory propagation, as expected in healthy atrial tissue. These findings highlight the ability of the variable-order model to integrate structural processes into electrophysiological dynamics, reproducing propagation patterns that align with experimental data. This model represents a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying AF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced feedforward control techniques: Comprehensive review and a real-time industrial application","authors":"Hoang Minh Nguyen-Khac ,&nbsp;Fadi Alyoussef ,&nbsp;Alexander Bech ,&nbsp;Andrew Barr ,&nbsp;Steve Sapsford ,&nbsp;Chris Gerada ,&nbsp;Alasdair Cairns","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feedforward control (FFC), often paired with feedback, is widely applied in industry to improve accuracy under transient conditions and reject disturbances. Despite this, academic attention has been limited, with few comprehensive reviews connecting algorithms to practical applications. This work bridges that gap by surveying classical and advanced FFC strategies, their advantages and drawbacks, and their implementation across diverse sectors.</div><div>Classical FFC improves tracking and disturbance rejection through methods such as inverse modelling and input shaping, but faces challenges from instability, intensive tuning, and model inaccuracies. Hybrid techniques, including model predictive and active disturbance rejection control, broaden capability yet remain constrained by complexity and sensitivity to nonlinearities.</div><div>Recent advances introduce look-ahead, adaptive, optimization-based, and data-driven methods. Preview and predictive designs enhance responsiveness but depend on accurate future estimation, while iterative and intelligent approaches reduce modelling requirements at the expense of stability and training demands. Adaptive and optimization-based controllers strengthen robustness but add computational burden and parameter sensitivity.</div><div>FFC has been deployed across process control, electrical drives, fuel cells, engines, robotics, motion systems, power electronics, and energy systems. These applications consistently show improved tracking and robustness, though adoption is limited by reliance on models, calibration effort, and a lack of hardware validation.</div><div>Signal acquisition and processing shape the stability and robustness of feedforward-augmented control architectures. A discussion is had reviewing recent advances in noise-aware estimation, delay-robust control, and filtered/learned inverse models to identify practical design strategies for maintaining reliable performance, focusing on medium and high frequency.</div><div>To demonstrate practical benefits, a feedforward-augmented PID (i.e., feedforward control added to a PID closed loop system) with preview and anti-windup enabled transient testing on absorbing dynamometers, traditionally restricted to steady-state use. Combined with reinforcement learning controllers, this approach reduced error, expanded applicability, and offered a cost-effective alternative to motored dynamometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed algorithms for filtering, estimation, and fault detection over cyber–physical-systems: A tutorial and survey","authors":"Mohammadreza Doostmohammadian,&nbsp;Mahdi Shamsi,&nbsp;Hadi Zayyani,&nbsp;Nader Meskin,&nbsp;Hamid R. Rabiee,&nbsp;Sergio Pequito,&nbsp;Usman A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This survey provides a comprehensive overview of distributed estimation, filtering, and fault detection techniques in the context of cyber–physical systems (CPS). Distributed algorithms are crucial for large-scale system monitoring as they enable parallel data processing, local fault identification, and real-time analysis across multiple nodes.</div><div>To establish a strong foundation, we first define essential aspects of linear dynamical systems and related graph theoretic concepts, emphasizing observability conditions that are key for local state estimation. We introduce the mathematical framework necessary to understand both the theoretical underpinnings and practical implementations of distributed algorithms in CPS environments.</div><div>After discussing consensus algorithms, this survey highlights single-time and double-time-scale consensus-based estimation and filtering approaches. We provide a detailed comparative analysis of these methodologies, examining their computational requirements, communication overhead, and performance characteristics in resource-constrained environments. We further explore different diffusion-based estimation techniques and observationally redundant designs to enhance resilience and robustness against failures and adversarial attacks.</div><div>In addition, we investigate distributed fault detection methods that enable local isolation of faults over large-scale CPS. We present both stateless and stateful detection mechanisms, along with threshold-based techniques that balance detection accuracy and false alarm rates. These approaches are essential for maintaining system integrity and preventing cascading failures in critical infrastructure.</div><div>This survey concludes with an exploration of diverse real-world applications. We examine implementation challenges and algorithm adaptations in smart grid and power networks, social systems, target tracking and localization, and intelligent transportation systems. Each application domain demonstrates how theoretical advances translate into practical solutions for complex monitoring problems.</div><div>By bridging theoretical insights with practical applications, this survey and tutorial provides valuable understanding and research directions in the field of distributed algorithm design for CPS, offering both newcomers and experienced researchers a comprehensive resource for addressing current challenges and future opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":14.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory tracking control for autonomous vehicles: A systematic PRISMA review of models and strategies","authors":"Mohammed S. Albhaisi,&nbsp;Michal Prauzek,&nbsp;Tri Tran Huu Minh,&nbsp;Stepan Ozana,&nbsp;Jaromir Konecny","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2026.101047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to redefine future mobility by offering enhanced safety, energy efficiency, and intelligent adaptability. A fundamental component enabling this transformation is trajectory tracking control, which ensures precise path-following despite environmental uncertainties, dynamic road conditions, and sensor noise. This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to analyze state-of-the-art trajectory tracking control strategies, categorizing them into traditional, adaptive, and learning-based methods. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of trajectory tracking models, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and applicability in real-world scenarios. Additionally, the review discusses key challenges, such as scalability, real-time adaptability, and the integration of multi-sensor data. By bridging theoretical advancements with practical implementations, this review contributes to the development of more robust, adaptive, and efficient trajectory tracking systems for autonomous mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101047"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial – Recent advances in cyber physical human systems","authors":"Yildiray Yildiz ,&nbsp;Tamer Basar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}