{"title":"Adaptation of SafeCare, an evidence-based parenting program, for caregivers of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"Rachel Culbreth PhD, MPH , Shannon Self-Brown PhD , Regena Spratling PhD, APRN, RN , Claire A. Spears PhD , Melissa C. Osborne PhD, MPH , Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk PhD, APRN-CNP, FAANP, FNAP, FAAN","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While there are several parenting programs for NICU caregivers, no studies, to our knowledge, have developed parenting programs aimed at preventing child maltreatment that specifically address these parental factors: <em>parental stress</em>, <em>parental self-efficacy</em>, and <em>positive parent-infant interaction</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objectives of this study were to: 1) Identify adaptations and/or augmentations needed to optimize SafeCare® for NICU caregivers, and 2) Examine the acceptability and preliminary effects of the adapted SafeCare NICU (SCNC) program with NICU caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study consisted of two phases: formative (phase one) and pilot (phase two). For phase one, 5 NICU former caregivers and 5 NICU staff were interviewed to make relevant, NICU-specific adaptations for SCNC. Phase two consisted of a pilot study, where 13 current NICU caregivers were enrolled in the adapted SCNC program. Outcomes included acceptability and preliminary effects of parental stress, parental self-efficacy, and parent-infant interaction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Adaptations to SafeCare consisted of adding a pre-session to discuss individualized experiences, incorporation of adjusted developmental milestones, a NICU-specific resource sheet, and individualized adaptations to activities based on relevant medical concerns. Out of the 13 participants, 8 completed SCNC (61.5 % retention rate). Participants indicated significant reductions in stress after SCNC (Parental stress index score = 61.7) compared to baseline (79.2, <em>p</em> = 0.02). Among participants who completed SCNC (n = 8), all stated they supported this program for implementation among NICU caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The adapted SCNC demonstrated acceptability among NICU caregivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is there a relationship between nurses' hand hygiene beliefs, practices and ethical sensitivity?","authors":"Pervin Sahiner Assistant Professor, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hand hygiene is the most important way to prevent health care-associated infections. It is important for all nurses that come in physical contact with patients the most to follow hand hygiene rules.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' hand hygiene beliefs and practices and their ethical sensitivity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses working in internal medicine, surgery and intensive care clinics of a university hospital between June and August 2022. A total of 350 nurses participated in the study. A Personal Information Form, the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ), the Hand Hygiene Practice Inventory (HHPI), and the Hand Hygiene Beliefs Scale (HHBS) were used for data collection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings support that nurses have moderate ethical sensitivity (88.36 ± 26.33), good hand hygiene beliefs (85.60 ± 9.21) and practice (66.14 ± 5.90). Despite there being no statistical significance in evaluating the relationship between hand hygiene practice and ethical sensitivity (<em>p</em> = 0.253, <em>r</em> = −0.061), there was a statically significant inverse relationship between hand hygiene beliefs and ethical sensitivity (<em>p</em> = 0.001, <em>r</em> = −0.172). The hand hygiene compliance score of the nurses who received only ethics training after nursing school (<em>p</em> = 0.000); the hand hygiene belief (<em>p</em> = 0.011) and hand hygiene practice (<em>p</em> = 0.007) scores of those who received both ethics and hand hygiene training were higher.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It can be said that the ethical sensitivity of nurses does not affect their hand hygiene practices, and the hand hygiene and ethics education they receive after school education increases their hand hygiene beliefs and practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohua Zhou PhD , Peiya Tan Postgraduate , Miao Huo M.D. , Ying Wang M.M. , Qi Zhang M.D.
{"title":"Development and verification of a prediction model for outcomes of elderly patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia","authors":"Xiaohua Zhou PhD , Peiya Tan Postgraduate , Miao Huo M.D. , Ying Wang M.M. , Qi Zhang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Among all infections in nursing homes, pneumonia has the highest mortality. Nurses have a 24-h relationship with patients and have a key role in identifying and preventing adverse outcomes. However, tools to engage nurses in pneumonia patient outcomes evaluation have not occurred.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model to predict the outcome of elderly patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP).</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A retrospective observational study was conducted with 219 elderly NHAP patients. Baseline characteristics, health history, and treatment/nursing status were collected. Variables for constructing nomograms were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis. The nomogram model was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA) curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>9 independent risk factors were identified and assembled into the nomogram. The nomogram exhibited reasonably accurate discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC): 0.931, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and calibration (C-index: 0.931, 95 % CI: 0.898–0.964) in the validation cohort. DCA and clinical impact curves demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically beneficial.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A visualization nomogram model was successfully established for predicting the outcome of the NHAP elderly patients. The model has extremely high reliability, extremely high predictive ability, and good clinical applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing inpatient glycemic education and management with a SMILE SBAR: A quantitative study","authors":"Latonya Byrd MSN, RN , Alyssa Stewart BSN, RN, CDCES, CCP , Mary Ann Niemeyer PhD, RN, NPD-BC , Erin Arcipowski PhD, TNS, RN , Tamara Otey PhD, RN , Kayla Weiss MSN, RN, AGPCNP-C, CDCES , Olawunmi Obisesan PhD, DHEd., RN, CPHQ, MCHES","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes education class on improving nurses' self-efficacy in glycemic management and physician communication, with a focus on using the SMILE (Sugar Trend, Medications, Intravenous fluid, Labs, and Eating) SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) as a communication tool. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate the translation of knowledge into practice, in this case, inpatient glycemic control.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inpatient glycemic management for patients living with diabetes can be challenging. Therefore, as patient advocates, nurses must be able to identify what clinical data warrants a call to the physician to facilitate timely decisions and interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data was collected from a purposive sample of 28 registered nurses from a single general medicine unit. A <em>t</em>-test was used to analyze nurses' pretest-posttest perceptions of self-efficacy in nine content areas. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was also conducted on patients' median blood glucose values over four months (July–October 2023).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results suggest the class was effective in improving nurses' perceived knowledge and self-efficacy in all nine content areas, with the highest mean difference increase of 1.46 for <em>I have sufficient knowledge regarding the SMILE SBAR and [will] use it as a tool for communicating with the physician</em>, <em>p</em> < 0.05. A comparison of 403 patients' median blood glucose values were also statistically significantly different across four months, <em>χ</em><sup>2</sup>(3) = 21.088, <em>p</em> < 0.0001.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Continued efforts to prevent and manage inpatient glycemic control should focus on enhancing nurse-physician communication and teamwork with simple yet effective tools such as the SMILE SBAR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Riegel PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN , Claudio Barbaranelli PhD , Michael A. Stawnychy PhD, RN , Austin Matus PhD, RN , Karen B. Hirschman PhD, MSW, FGSA
{"title":"Does self-care improve coping or does coping improve self-care? A structural equation modeling study","authors":"Barbara Riegel PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN , Claudio Barbaranelli PhD , Michael A. Stawnychy PhD, RN , Austin Matus PhD, RN , Karen B. Hirschman PhD, MSW, FGSA","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Support interventions often address both self-care and coping. Different approaches are used to promote self-care and coping so clarifying the intervention effect can guide clinicians and researchers to provide interventions that achieve benefit.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To compare two models to determine whether self-care improves coping or coping improves self-care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used cross-sectional data from 248 caregivers obtained at enrollment into a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a support intervention. Factor scores for scales measuring caregiver demand, self-care, coping, stress appraisal, and mental health were derived from exploratory factor analysis. Structural equation models were analyzed using the factor scores as estimates of each construct. To control possible spurious effects caregiver age, gender, relationship with the patient, and income adequacy were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both models were compatible with the data, but the self-care model was stronger than the coping model. That model had a non-significant chi square and an excellent fit to the data, χ<sup>2</sup>(4, <em>N</em> = 248) = 2.64, <em>p</em> = .62. The percentage of variance explained by the self-care model was 54 % for mental health, 42 % for stress appraisal, 10 % for avoidance coping, and 6 % for active coping. In the coping model the explained variance of stress appraisal dropped to 33 %, avoidance coping dropped to 0 %, and active coping dropped to 3 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The self-care model was strongest, illustrating that self-care decreases stress, promotes coping, and improves mental health. These results suggest that promoting self-care may be more effective in improving mental health than interventions aimed at improving coping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089718972400048X/pdfft?md5=e785626790816a28b149cd5019709f67&pid=1-s2.0-S089718972400048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Santos Pinto RN, MSc , Larissa Chaves Pedreira PhD, FAAN , Mariana Souza Belmonte MSc , Maria Ribeiro Lacerda RN, PhD, FAAN , Juliana Bezerra do Amaral RN, PhD, FAAN , Tânia Maria de Oliva Menezes RN, PhD, FAAN , Jeferson Moreira dos Santos MSc , Joann Seunarine B.Sc , Johis Ortega PhD, FAAN , Hudson Santos PhD, FAAN
{"title":"Acquisition of mastery by the caregiver for the continuity of care after hospital discharge","authors":"Ivana Santos Pinto RN, MSc , Larissa Chaves Pedreira PhD, FAAN , Mariana Souza Belmonte MSc , Maria Ribeiro Lacerda RN, PhD, FAAN , Juliana Bezerra do Amaral RN, PhD, FAAN , Tânia Maria de Oliva Menezes RN, PhD, FAAN , Jeferson Moreira dos Santos MSc , Joann Seunarine B.Sc , Johis Ortega PhD, FAAN , Hudson Santos PhD, FAAN","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caregivers who provide transitional care to people with functional dependence require the mastery of skills that ensure successful continuity of care. This domain of care requires nursing interventions to support the caregiver. This study aims to understand aspects of the development of caregiver mastery for continuity of care after hospital discharge. Method: Exploratory, qualitative research carried out in a university hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from July to December 2022, with fourteen qualified caregivers participating. Data was organized using the software <em>Web Qualitative Data Analysis,</em> analyzed by thematic content analysis, and discussed in light of the Theory of Transitions proposed by Dr. Afaf Meleis. Results: The caregivers were women who cared for functionally dependent individuals and received training for care during hospitalization and telephone follow-up after discharge. Twelve achieved mastery; those with less experience needed more calls to acquire mastery. Conclusions: Discharge planning and caregiver education are essential to support them in safe and effective hospital-home transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sacred breath: Ohio nurses respond to COVID-19","authors":"Jessica Jewell PhD, Kara Kudro BSN","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the fall of 2021, the Wick Poetry Center, a recognized international leader in creative writing interventions, launched the website Sacred Breath: Voices of Ohio Nurses in Response to COVID-19 (<span>sacredbreathproject.com</span><svg><path></path></svg>) with funding from the Ohio Nurses Foundation. The purpose of the website was to offer Ohio nurses an accessible platform to reflect on their personal and professional lived experiences as caregivers during an historic time of pandemic, sacrifice, uncertainty, and scarcity, and to share their voice with others. What resulted was 204 submissions over a three-month period with participant responses touching on widespread sentiments including grief, fatigue, anger, and resilience. It was from the gap in the current literature on pandemic narratives that the researchers of this study began a basic qualitative thematic analysis of the Sacred Breath project website (SBP) responses to gain a better understanding of how nurses, nurse educators, and nursing students made sense of and gave voice to their personal and professional lived experiences during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p>While stories of nursing during the Covid-19 pandemic have been widely available and disseminated by popular media, academic studies have been slower to utilize qualitative and experimental methods to specifically address pandemic narratives and the resulting discourses by nurses working in and around clinical settings. The Wick Poetry Center at Kent State University has spent nearly forty years working in the community to address urgent social needs using expressive writing methods that are often overlooked by traditional social and arts outreach. The Wick Poetry Center engaged local academic networks and community health partners to invite nurses, nursing students, and nurse educators the Sacred Breath Project By evaluating responses to the intervention website, this qualitative study is aimed to fill this gap in the current literature as well as begin to understand how nurses made sense of their work lives during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.</p><p>What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?</p><p>What is already known:</p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial increases of alarm fatigue, moral distress, and dysfunctional coping mechanisms among clinical nurses.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Art interventions positively impact mental health conditions in nurses.</p></span></li></ul><p>What this paper adds:</p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>This review of the Sacred Breath thematic analysis broadens the understanding of how nurses made sense of their work lives during the Covid-19 pandemic.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>This review creates a new discourse about the nursing profession in times of crisis—one cocreated by practitioners, educators, students, and creative intervention participants.</p></span></li></ul></di","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 151808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihyun Lee PhD , Sun-Kyung Kim PhD , Younghye Go PhD , Hyun Jeong PhD , Youngho Lee PhD
{"title":"Positioning virtual reality as means of clinical experience in mental health nursing education: A quasi-experimental study","authors":"Mihyun Lee PhD , Sun-Kyung Kim PhD , Younghye Go PhD , Hyun Jeong PhD , Youngho Lee PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Virtual reality technology has been used to establish a risk-free environment in which students can practice psychiatric nursing. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of a virtual reality (VR) based mental health nursing simulation on practice performance of undergraduate nursing students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test design was used. A total of 68 students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (<em>n</em> = 32) and a control group (<em>n</em> = 36). The control group received conventional simulation using text scenario-based role play. The intervention group received VR software consisting of 360° video clips and related quiz questions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The self-reported perceived competency in nursing performance showed no statistically significant improvement in the experimental group, whereas the control group showed a statistically significant improvement in symptom management (<em>t</em> = 2.84, <em>p</em> = 0.007) and nurse-patient interaction (<em>t</em> = 2.10, <em>p</em> = 0.043). Scores from the assessor showed better performance scores in the experimental group in symptom management (<em>t</em> = −2.62, <em>p</em> = 0.011), violence risk management (<em>t</em> = −3.42, <em>p</em> = 0.001), and nurse-patient interaction (<em>t</em> = −3.12, <em>p</em> = 0.003).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of this study indicate the potential of using VR for optimized mental health nursing simulation. VR technology allowed realistic experiences which may ensure students have a more comprehensive understanding of mentally ill patients and in doing so, overcome barriers of traditional simulation, resulting in better learning outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 151800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural equation modeling of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Chun-Chin Tsai , Hui-Shan Chan , Wei-Li Lien , Hui-Ying Chu , Mei-Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To achieve suitable diabetes care, understanding the factors that affect self-care behaviors is necessary.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To construct a model of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in people with diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study analyzed a convenience sample of 311 people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Data were collected through questionnaires, including the Diabetes Symptoms Checklist, Emotional Distress Scale, Empowerment Process Scale, Interpersonal Communication Scale and Self-Care Behavior scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Structural equation modeling indicated that a model of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in the patients with diabetes best fit the data. Dispositional mindfulness (β = 0.39), internal environmental factors (β = 0.52), and external environmental factors (β = 0.71) directly influenced self-care behaviors in the patients with diabetes. Dispositional mindfulness significantly indirectly affected self-care behaviors via internal and external environmental factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>To improve self-care behaviors, interventions should consider mindfulness training, and also include internal environmental factors and external environmental factors in the mindfulness training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50740,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nursing Research","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 151799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}