Self-care in patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD): A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Self-care is essential for patient with chronic conditions such as heart failure. Self-care facilitates adaptation in patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), improving their outcomes and preventing complications. Currently, no studies provide an overview of self-care in people with LVADs.

Objective

The present literature review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence relating to self-care behaviors in this population.

Methods

A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. The databases consulted were Medline, Scopus, and CHINAL, and free research was performed on Google Scholar. The review included all the articles whose titles, abstracts, and text were considered relevant to the research purpose. The PRISMA flowchart was used to choose all the appropriate studies, and the final sample was deemed pertinent to the SPIDER methodology. Finally, the studies were subjected to a critical assessment of the methodological quality.

Results

Of the 487 studies initially identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. This review provides a comprehensive overview of self-care behaviors in LVAD patients across all dimensions of self-care: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care Confidence. Findings indicate that self-care positively influences LVAD patients by facilitating adaptation to the device and enhancing quality of life.

Conclusions

Self-care is crucial in LVAD patients, facilitating their adaptation and improving their outcomes. Health education focused on self-care appears particularly relevant in this population, but a more in-depth investigation is needed.