Behavioural Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Variability of Reaction Time as a Marker of Executive Function Impairments in Fibromyalgia.","authors":"Stefan Duschek,&nbsp;Cristina Muñoz Ladrón de Guevara,&nbsp;María José Fernández Serrano,&nbsp;Casandra I Montoro,&nbsp;Santiago Pelegrina López,&nbsp;Gustavo A Reyes Del Paso","doi":"10.1155/2022/1821684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1821684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to chronic widespread pain and depression and anxiety symptoms, patients with fibromyalgia frequently experience cognitive problems. This study investigated executive functions in fibromyalgia via a Go/No-Go task. To obtain comprehensive information about performance, traditional and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time (RT) variability were used, in addition to speed and accuracy indices. Ex-Gaussian parameters show an excellent fit to empirical RT distributions. Fifty-two female fibromyalgia patients and twenty-eight healthy controls participated. The task included 60 visual stimuli, which participants had to respond to (Go stimuli) or withhold the response to (No-Go stimuli). After 30 trials, the task rule changed, such that previous No-Go stimuli had to be responded to. Performance was indexed by the hit rate, false alarm rate, and mean (<i>M</i>) and intraindividual standard deviation (SD) of RT and the ex-Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau. Mu and sigma indicate the <i>M</i> and SD of the Gaussian distribution; tau reflects the <i>M</i> and SD of the exponential function. Patients exhibited a lower hit rate, higher <i>M</i> RT, and higher tau than controls. Moreover, patients showed greater decrease of the hit rate after the change of task rule. In the entire sample, SD, sigma, and tau were inversely associated with the hit rate and positively associated with the false alarm rate. While the greater decline in hit rate after the change in task rule indicates deficient cognitive flexibility, the lack of any difference in false alarm rate suggests intact response inhibition. Higher <i>M</i> RT reflects reduced cognitive or motor speed. Increased tau in fibromyalgia indicates greater fluctuations in executive control and more frequent temporary lapses of attention. For the first time, this study demonstrated that indices of RT variability, in particular those derived from the ex-Gaussian function, may complement speed and accuracy parameters in the assessment of executive function impairments in fibromyalgia. Optimized assessment may facilitate the personalization of therapies aimed at improving the cognitive function of those with the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"1821684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9277204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40531880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Alzheimer's Disease Progression Stages Using Topological Measures of Resting-State Functional Connectivity Networks: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Zhanxiong Wu,&nbsp;Jinhui Wu,&nbsp;Xumin Chen,&nbsp;Xun Li,&nbsp;Jian Shen,&nbsp;Hui Hong","doi":"10.1155/2022/9958525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9958525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been widely employed to examine brain functional connectivity (FC) alterations in various neurological disorders. At present, various computational methods have been proposed to estimate connectivity strength between different brain regions, as the edge weight of FC networks. However, little is known about which model is more sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. This study comparatively characterized topological properties of rs-FC networks constructed with Pearson correlation (PC), dynamic time warping (DTW), and group information guided independent component analysis (GIG-ICA), aimed at investigating the sensitivity and effectivity of these methods in differentiating AD stages. A total of 54 subjects from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ANDI) database, divided into healthy control (HC), mild cognition impairment (MCI), and AD groups, were included in this study. Network-level (global efficiency and characteristic path length) and nodal (clustering coefficient) metrics were used to capture groupwise difference across HC, MCI, and AD groups. The results showed that almost no significant differences were found according to global efficiency and characteristic path length. However, in terms of clustering coefficient, 52 brain parcels sensitive to AD progression were identified in rs-FC networks built with GIG-ICA, much more than PC (6 parcels) and DTW (3 parcels). This indicates that GIG-ICA is more sensitive to AD progression than PC and DTW. The findings also confirmed that the AD-linked FC alterations mostly appeared in temporal, cingulate, and angular areas, which might contribute to clinical diagnosis of AD. Overall, this study provides insights into the topological properties of rs-FC networks over AD progression, suggesting that FC strength estimation of FC networks cannot be neglected in AD-related graph analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"9958525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9273422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40601866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Successful Memory Aging in Older Mexican Adults.","authors":"Rosa Estela García-Chanes,&nbsp;Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo,&nbsp;Teresa Álvarez-Cisneros,&nbsp;Paloma Roa-Rojas","doi":"10.1155/2022/9045290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9045290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests a significant association between increasing age and memory impairments. Nevertheless, for some individuals, memory performance stays within or above the normative values of younger subjects. This is known as successful memory aging and is associated with specific neurophysiological features and psychological and lifestyle-related variables. To date, little is known about the association between successful memory aging and intrinsic capacity (IC) defined as \"the composite of all the physical and mental (including psychosocial) capacities that an individual can draw on at any point in time\" and resilience. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine if longitudinal associations between IC and successful memory aging and resilience exist and to find differences in cognitive performance between Mexican older adults with successful memory aging, older adults with average memory, and older adults with memory impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal data from 590 individuals from the third wave (2012) and the Mex-Cog subsample (2016) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study was analysed. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: (1) older adults with successful memory aging (SUMA), (2) older adults with average memory (AVMA), and (3) older adults with memory impairment (IMA). Cognitive domains of orientation, language, attention, constructional praxis, and executive function were evaluated. IC and resilience were measured using items from the MHAS battery. Analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regressions were used to find differences in IC and resilience across the memory aging groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ANOVAs showed significant differences across the three cognitive performance groups in all cognitive domains. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that respondents with higher scores in the psychological and cognitive domains of IC at baseline were more likely to have successful memory aging in the subsequent wave of the study. More resilient subjects in 2012 were not more likely to become a SUMA in 2016. However, this could be a result of the way resilience was measured.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our main findings suggest that intrinsic capacity could be used as a predictor of successful memory aging specifically in the psychological and the cognitive domains. More longitudinal studies are needed to further examine these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"9045290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9252847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40567974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Modified the Association between Sleep Duration and worse Cognitive Performance in Chinese Hypertensive Population: Insight from the China H-Type Hypertension Registry Study.","authors":"Xinlei Zhou,&nbsp;Junpei Li,&nbsp;Chao Yu,&nbsp;Wangsheng Fang,&nbsp;Yanyou Xie,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Si Shen,&nbsp;Wei Zhou,&nbsp;Lingjuan Zhu,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Huang,&nbsp;Huihui Bao,&nbsp;Jianglong Tu,&nbsp;Xiaoshu Cheng","doi":"10.1155/2022/7566033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7566033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cognitive decline could be seen as the sign of preclinical phase of dementia, which was found to be sex differentiated. Previous studies had discovered that there might be some link between abnormal sleep duration and cognitive performance. Additionally, hypertension was found to be one of the important risk factors for cognitive decline and abnormal sleep duration was also a significant risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance and to further explore potential effect modifiers that may exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data analyzed in this study was from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. Sleep duration was assessed with a sleep questionnaire and categorized as <5 hours, 5-8 hours, and ≥8 hours. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 9527 subjects were included. The average age was 63.7 ± 9.8 years. Linear regression analyses showed that the association between long sleep duration (≥8 h) and MMSE score adjusting for pertinent covariables was stronger in female (<i>β</i> = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.68, <i>P</i> < 0.001) than in male (<i>β</i> = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, <i>P</i> = 0.013). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between sleep duration and age on cognitive performance only in female.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study found that long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, this association was more pronounced in female than in male, especially in older female.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"7566033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40468370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Improves Spatial Learning and Memory Performance through the Central GLP-1 Receptors.","authors":"Majid Taati,&nbsp;Peyman Esmaeili Fard Barzegar,&nbsp;Abbas Raisi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2900628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2900628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone which is produced in the enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and the neurons of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brain which has numerous metabolic effects. The central GLP-1R's role in cognitive functioning is well known. On the contrary, it has been shown that exercise has positive effects on brain function. So, we decided to elucidate whether the central GLP-1 has a role in memory and learning. Thirty-two rats were used in this experiment in 4 groups. After anesthetizing the rats, the right lateral ventricle was detected, and a cannula was directed to the ventricle. Ten micrograms of exendin-3 or sterile saline, according to the group, was injected via ICV once daily for seven days. The rats in the exercise group considered an exercise period of one hour each day (17 meters per minute) for seven consecutive days. To evaluate the performance of memory and learning, a standard Morris water maze (MWM) tank was utilized. According to the results, the TE-exendin group showed a statistically significant difference from the TE-SAL group in both parameters of latency and time in the zone. In summary, memory and learning were improved by GLP-1R in the exercise group, but not in the sedentary group, which we can hypothesize that exercise can affect memory and learning through this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"2900628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9239811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40550759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Qiankun Huang,&nbsp;Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Weiqing Jiang,&nbsp;Wenfeng Wang","doi":"10.1155/2022/3438078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3438078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decreased cognitive function is a common problem in the old adults, which has high risk of progression to Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and other dementias. This study was aimed at finding out the association between physical activity and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 1514 participants with the age ≥ 55 years old registered in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database were selected in this study. The association between physical activity and cognitive function was analyzed via the generalized additive model. The association between the variables and the cognitive function score was expressed as <i>β</i> coefficient with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting age, ethnicity, stratum, marital status, education, memory status, and memory changes, the cognitive function score was increased by 0.011 points for every 1-point increase in domestic score (<i>β</i> = 0.011, <i>P</i> = 0.043). Subgroup analysis indicated that in the female group, for every 1-point increase in the domestic score, the cognitive function score increased by 0.019 points (<i>β</i> = 0.019, <i>P</i> = 0.017). In people with good memory status, each 1-point increase in domestic score increased the cognitive function score of 0.020 points (<i>β</i> = 0.020, <i>P</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The decreased cognitive function was correlated with decreased domestic physical activity. The increased domestic physical activity was associated with an increased cognitive function in females and people with good memory status. The findings might offer a reference for deep understanding of the association between physical activity and cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"3438078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40409696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Zinc Administration Combined with Swimming Exercise Prevents Cognitive-Emotional Disturbances and Tissue Injury following a Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in the Rat","authors":"A. Aguilar-Peralta, Alejandro González-Vázquez, Constantino Tomás-Sanchez, Victor M Blanco-Alvarez, D. Martínez-Fong, J. González-Barrios, I. D. Limón, Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña, G. Flores, Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez, E. Brambila, J. Cebada, Viridiana Vargas-Castro, B. A. Leon-Chavez","doi":"10.1155/2022/5388944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5388944","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46280662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Ellagic Acid in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Male Mice","authors":"Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, Z. Lorigooini, Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni, Marziyeh Taji, H. Amini-khoei","doi":"10.1155/2022/9015842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9015842","url":null,"abstract":"Methods In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into 8 groups and received the following: normal saline; EA at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; NMDA agonist at a dose of 75 mg/kg; NMDA antagonist (ketamine) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg; an effective dose of EA plus NMDA agonist; and a subeffective dose of EA plus ketamine. We induced seizure using intravenous administration of PTZ. 60 minutes before induction of seizure, drugs were administrated. Duration lasts to seizure-induced was measured. Finally, the gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits (Nr2a and Nr2b) was assessed in the prefrontal cortex. Results Results showed that EA increased the seizure threshold and decreased the expression of Nr2a and Nr2b. We determined that ketamine potentiated and NMDA attenuated the effects of subeffective and effective doses of EA. Conclusion EA probably via attenuation of the NMDA-R pathway possesses an anticonvulsant effect in PTZ-induced seizure in mice.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Defined Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Review of Literature","authors":"Paloma Macías-García, Raúl Rashid-López, Á. J. Cruz-Gómez, Elena Lozano-Soto, Florencia Sanmartino, R. Espinosa-Rosso, J. González-Rosa","doi":"10.1155/2022/1213393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1213393","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a common and potentially serious manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are frequently overlooked in favor of a focus on motor symptomatology. Here, we conducted a literature review of the prevalence and type of NPS experienced by PD patients with a clinically defined course of their illness. Methods We identified reports of NPS in patients with PD and mean disease duration over 3 years. Three databases—PubMed, Scopus, and Dialnet—were searched for relevant literature published between 2010 and 2020. Predefined exclusion criteria were applied prior to a descriptive analysis of the literature base. Results In all, 87 unique reports were identified and 30 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included 7142 patients with PD (male: 67.3%; mean age: 66.2 years; mean disease duration: 6.7 years). The most frequent NPS were mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and impulse control disorders (ICD). Treatment with dopamine agonists was identified as an important risk factor for ICD. Co-occurrence of NPS and cognitive dysfunction was also evidenced in a number of studies. Patients with more significant cognitive deficits and higher levels of NPS appeared to be of older age with a longer disease duration and to have more severe motor symptoms. Conclusions NPS, most commonly mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and ICDs are frequent manifestations of PD. The results of this review reflect the need to develop unified validated assessment protocols for NPS in PD, as well as to improve their management in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Etiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy with Functional Disability","authors":"Aqeela Zahra, YunFu Wang, Qun Wang, Jianping Wu","doi":"10.1155/2022/5893519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5893519","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorders and epilepsies are heterogeneous human disorders that have miscellaneous etiologies and pathophysiology. There is considerable risk of frequent epilepsy in autism that facilitates amplified morbidity and mortality. Several biological pathways appear to be involved in disease progression, including gene transcription regulation, cellular growth, synaptic channel function, and maintenance of synaptic structure. Here, abnormalities in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance ratio are reviewed along with part of an epileptiform activity that may drive both overconnectivity and genetic disorders where autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy frequently co-occur. The most current ideas concerning common etiological and molecular mechanisms for co-occurrence of both autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy are discussed along with the powerful pharmacological therapies that protect the cognition and behavior of patients. Better understanding is necessary to identify a biological mechanism that might lead to possible treatments for these neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44960788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}