{"title":"Low Expression Levels of Sodium Channels in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Underly the Genesis of the Characteristic Electrocardiogram Waveform in Brugada Syndrome.","authors":"Jun-Ichi Okada, Takumi Washio, Toshiaki Hisada, Seiryo Sugiura","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite active research into the pathophysiology of Brugada syndrome (BrS), the mechanisms of the genesis of changes in the characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) are still controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using multiscale computer simulation of ECGs, we compared 3 hypotheses to identify the mechanisms of the BrS-type ECG caused by a mutation in cardiac sodium channels. In addition to the dominant repolarization disorder and depolarization disorder hypotheses, we tested a new hypothesis assuming the combination of a slow conduction property, upregulation of transient outward potassium current channels, and reduced expression levels of sodium channels in the right ventricular outflow tract (embryonic phenotype model). We found that only the embryonic phenotype model reproduced the clinically observed BrS-type ECG by strongly inhibiting sodium current selectively in the right ventricular outflow tract. We also simulated a ventricular wedge experiment and confirmed that strong inhibition of the sodium current was the prerequisite for a change in the ECG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strong selective inhibition of the sodium current in the right ventricular outflow tract generates the characteristic BrS-type ECG in the precordial leads without affecting the waveforms in other lead positions. This change can only be achieved using the embryonic phenotype model in which reduced expression levels of sodium channels play an essential role.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenotyping Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index and Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance.","authors":"Yuta Ozaki, Yusuke Uemura, Toru Kondo, Shingo Kazama, Shogo Yamaguchi, Takashi Okajima, Takayuki Mitsuda, Shinji Ishikawa, Kenji Takemoto, Takahiro Okumura, Toyoaki Murohara, Masato Watarai","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-25-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-25-0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), driven by right ventricular (RV) afterload, is prognostic in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Hemodynamic phenotyping based on RVD and RV afterload may provide useful information for the management of HFpEF. This study investigated the prognostic impacts of the pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) and pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC) in patients with HFpEF.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A retrospective cohort of 246 HFpEF patients who underwent right heart catheterization was analyzed. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the median PAPi and PAC values. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or heart failure-related hospitalization over a median follow-up of 4.1 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant stratification of event-free survival among the groups (log-rank P=0.003). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis revealed that patients with low PAPi and PAC exhibited worse outcomes than those with the high PAPi and PAC (hazard ratio 3.205; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.401-7.330; P=0.006). Incorporating PAPi and PAC values into the MAGGIC risk score improved the C-index from 0.671 to 0.720 (∆C-index 0.050; 95% CI 0.004-0.095; P=0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combination of PAPi and PAC improved prognostic ability in patients with HFpEF. Future investigations into treatments for these new hemodynamic phenotypes may improve clinical outcomes of patients with HFpEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery and Transcatheter Procedures in Patients With Adult Congenital Heart Disease - Insights From Japanese Registry Data.","authors":"Takumi Osawa, Tomoko Machino-Ohtsuka, Ruriko Numata, Ayako Kuraoka, Mike Saji, Koshiro Kanaoka, Yoko Sumita, Naoto Kawamatsu, Hideyuki Kato, Yuji Hiramatsu, Tomoko Ishizu","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients often require additional interventions or surgeries in adulthood, presenting new clinical challenges. However, clinical research on the current status and outcomes of cardiac procedures in ACHD patients remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-Diagnosis Procedure Combination (JROAD-DPC) database between April 2013 and March 2021. Patients with ACHD (aged >15 years) who underwent major cardiac surgery and transcatheter procedures were included. We assessed clinical background, treatment, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. In all, 22,490 patients with ACHD (median age 56 years [interquartile range 36-69 years], 51.1% female) were enrolled. Emergency hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths were observed in 3.7% and 1.1% of cases, respectively. Congenital heart operations with high in-hospital mortality (>5.0%) included aortic arch repair, systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts, cardiac tumor resection, coronary artery bypass grafting, 3-valve replacement, and ventricular assist device implantation. Although stent graft procedures had the highest in-hospital mortality rate (2.6%), other transcatheter procedures, such as transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure, atrial septal defect closure, and catheter ablation, had in-hospital mortality rates of <1.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides fundamental insights into the current clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with procedures in patients with ACHD. The in-hospital mortality rates for both cardiac surgery and transcatheter procedures in Japanese ACHD patients were low, demonstrating acceptable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circulation JournalPub Date : 2025-05-23Epub Date: 2025-05-11DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0931
Limin Liu, Le Li, Simin Cai, Aiyue Chen, Mengtong Xu, Yuchen Dong, Likun Zhou, Yongqing Li, Minjie Lu, Lihui Zheng, Ligang Ding, Xiaohan Fan, Yan Yao
{"title":"Prognostic Value of Multiple Circulating Biomarkers for Ventricular Arrhythmias in Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation - Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Limin Liu, Le Li, Simin Cai, Aiyue Chen, Mengtong Xu, Yuchen Dong, Likun Zhou, Yongqing Li, Minjie Lu, Lihui Zheng, Ligang Ding, Xiaohan Fan, Yan Yao","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0931","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT). This study explored the predictive value of biomarkers for VAs in LVHT.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This cohort study retrospectively enrolled 265 LVHT patients (mean [±SD] age 44.2±17.0 years, 65.7% male) with data available for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, big endothelin-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid, and free fatty acid. The primary outcome was a composite of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. Over a median follow-up of 4.34 years, 82 (30.9%) patients experienced VAs. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that baseline concentrations of big endothelin-1 were independently associated with the occurrence of VAs (hazard ratio 1.513; 95% confidence interval 1.136-2.013; P=0.005). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that susceptibility to VAs increased markedly with increases in big endothelin-1 concentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that LVHT patients with big endothelin-1 concentrations >0.63 pmol/L should be closely monitored for VAs, particularly when higher concentrations are accompanied by cardiomyopathies, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameters ≥60 mm, or LV ejection fraction <50%. Individuals with elevated big endothelin-1 concentrations and isolated hypertrabeculation in the LV lateral wall had a significantly greater risk of VAs (log-rank P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Big endothelin-1 concentrations and the location of hypertrabeculation can help with risk stratification for VAs in LVHT.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"793-802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association Between Sodium- and Potassium-Related Urinary Markers and the Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Sayuri Tokioka, Naoki Nakaya, Rieko Hatanaka, Kumi Nakaya, Mana Kogure, Ippei Chiba, Masato Takase, Kotaro Nochioka, Kai Susukita, Hirohito Metoki, Tomohiro Nakamura, Mami Ishikuro, Taku Obara, Yohei Hamanaka, Masatsugu Orui, Tomoko Kobayashi, Akira Uruno, Eiichi N Kodama, Satoshi Nagaie, Soichi Ogishima, Yoko Izumi, Nobuo Fuse, Shinichi Kuriyama, Satoshi Yasuda, Atsushi Hozawa","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0780","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases mortality through complications including stroke and heart failure, is important. Excessive salt intake and low potassium intake are risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, their association with AF remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between sodium- and potassium-related urinary markers and AF prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study were used in this cross-sectional study. The urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and estimated 24-h sodium and potassium excretion were calculated using spot urine samples and categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). The prevalence of AF was the primary outcome. Of the 26,506 participants (mean age 64.8 years; 33.2% males) included in this study, 630 (2.4%) had AF. Using Q1 as the reference group, the odds ratios for AF prevalence in Q4 were 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.73) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.20-2.12) for 24-h estimated urinary Na/K ratio and estimated 24-h sodium excretion, respectively. Estimated 24-h potassium excretion was not associated with AF prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AF prevalence was positively associated with the urinary Na/K ratio and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion, but not with estimated 24-h urinary potassium excretion. Although further prospective studies are warranted, the findings of this study suggest that salt intake may be a modifiable risk factor for AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"757-764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validity of HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> Score in Predicting Ischemic Stroke in Japanese Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.","authors":"Miyo Nakano, Yusuke Kondo, Yuki Shiko, Masahiro Nakano, Takatsugu Kajiyama, Ryo Ito, Toshinori Chiba, Yutaka Yoshino, Satoko Ryuzaki, Yukiko Takanashi, Yuya Komai, Shoko Narumi, Yoshio Kobayashi","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0715","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score, a novel risk stratification system, was developed to determine the incidence of ischemic stroke in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). It has been suggested that the HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score is more useful than the CHADS<sub>2</sub>and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores for Japanese patients with NVAF. This study determined the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and assessed the validity of the HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the database of the CIED clinic of Chiba University Hospital and investigated the incidence of ischemic stroke according to the HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score. Of the 730 consecutive patients who were followed-up at the CIED clinic, those without NVAF were excluded, leaving 362 patients in this study (mean [±SD] follow-up period, 64±48 months; mean age, 73±16 years; 65% male). The mean CHADS<sub>2</sub>and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores were 1.8±1.2 and 2.8±1.6 points, respectively. During follow-up, 31 (8.6%) patients experienced ischemic stroke. The c-statistic for the HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score was 0.719 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.657-0.795), which was higher than the c-statistics for the CHADS<sub>2</sub>(0.704; 95% CI 0.647-0.768; P=0.025) and CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc (0.700; 95% CI:0.621-0.747; P=0.0097) scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Risk stratification for ischemic stroke using the HELT-E<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>score is valid in Japanese patients with NVAF and CIEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"765-773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mid-Range Paced-QRS as an Independent Negative Predictor of Cardiac Events - Right Ventricular Pacing Implications.","authors":"Yuichiro Miyazaki, Kohei Ishibashi, Nobuhiko Ueda, Toshihiro Nakamura, Satoshi Oka, Akinori Wakamiya, Kenzaburo Nakajima, Tsukasa Kamakura, Mitsuru Wada, Yuko Inoue, Koji Miyamoto, Satoshi Nagase, Takeshi Aiba, Kengo Kusano","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0611","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of paced-QRS (p-QRS) duration on long-term outcomes is unclear, so we assessed the association between p-QRS duration and cardiac events.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We enrolled 187 patients (103 males, mean age: 77±12 years) who underwent pacemaker implantation between 2018 and 2021. During the median follow-up period of 972 days (761-1,292 days), 18 patients experienced cardiac events (1 cardiac death, 17 heart failure hospitalizations). The p-QRS duration was longer in the cardiac event group than in the noncardiac event group (162±17 vs. 148±17 ms, P=0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 149 ms as the optimal cutoff value for predicting cardiac events (area under the curve, 0.72). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed better outcomes for mid-range p-QRS duration (≤149 ms, n=89) compared with long p-QRS duration (>149 ms, n=98) (P=0.005). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis indicated a good outcome with mid-range p-QRS duration (hazard ratio: 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.88, P=0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A p-QRS duration of ≤149 ms was associated with a reduction in cardiac events. Therefore, it may serve as a target index of success in right ventricular pacing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"803-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time Interval From Right Atrium to Coronary Sinus Predicts Postablation Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Current Ablation Practice.","authors":"Daiki Yamashita, Naoki Fujimoto, Shinya Sugiura, Yoshihiko Kagawa, Satoshi Fujita, Kaoru Dohi","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-1009","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-24-1009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrence after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) may occur in patients in whom atrial remodeling progresses. Atrial conduction time is a marker of remodeling. This study investigated whether atrial conduction time is related to postoperative recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study enrolled 441 patients with AF (median age 69 years; 144 women; paroxysmal/non-paroxysmal AF=231/210) who underwent initial radiofrequency catheter ablation at Mie University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The interval from the earliest potential in the right atrium (RA) to the latest potential in the coronary sinus (CS) was measured using a BeeAT catheter during sinus rhythm after ablation. The primary endpoint was AF recurrence or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 s in the 1 year after ablation. Recurrence was observed in 44 patients. Patients were categorized into 2 groups according to recurrence. The RA-CS interval was significantly longer in the recurrence group (122.5±17.7 vs. 98.5±17.7 ms; P<0.001). In Cox regression analysis, the RA-CS interval was independently associated with recurrence (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.07; P<0.001). The cut-off value for the RA-CS interval was 111 ms (area under the curve=0.845; 95% CI 0.785-0.905). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with an RA-CS interval ≥111 vs. <111 ms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RA-CS interval time was an independent predictor of recurrence after AF ablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"774-783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Aquarium Sign\" Observed in All Four Cardiac Chambers During Mechanical Ventilation in a Heart Failure Patient.","authors":"Kenji Harada, Shunsuke Saito, Sumika Wachi, Masafumi Sato, Yukiyo Ogata, Kazuomi Kario","doi":"10.1253/circj.CJ-25-0125","DOIUrl":"10.1253/circj.CJ-25-0125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50691,"journal":{"name":"Circulation Journal","volume":" ","pages":"846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}