Clinica Terapeutica最新文献

{"title":"Loss of chance in medical professional liability: the measure of our ignorance.","authors":"M Pallocci, P Passalacqua, G M Coppola, M Treglia, L T Marsella","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5187","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In 1921, philosopher and economist J.M. Keynes, in his \"A Treatise on Probability\", described chance as a \"measure of our ignorance.\" The Italian Supreme Court also took up this fascinating definition in ruling No. 28993, 11.11.2019, to underline its intrinsically uncertain, sometimes subjective, however elusive, nature. The Supreme Court, with this judgment, set a point: to be compensable, the chance must be palpable, severe and consistent. Despite the various jurisprudential interventions that have attempted to give form and substance to the loss of chance damage, several questions still remain open, such as the actual estimation of the chance, based on reliable scientific criteria and its economic adaptation. These considerations are the starting point for our research. The analysis included all judgments issued by the Judges of the 13th Section of the Civil Court of Rome and published between January 2016 and December 2020. At the end of the collection, selection and anonymisation phase, 1117 documents were submitted for analysis. Loss of chance damages were claimed in only 51 cases (4.56 % of the total number of judgments), with recognition of this type of damage in only 13 out of 51 decisions (25.5 %). The amount paid was €2,265,682.06, representing approximately 1.7 % of the total compensation paid for all medical malpractice cases during the period under analysis. The average compensation was € 174,283.235. In most cases, there was misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis or management of oncological diseases, conditions with reduced life expectancy in which medical intervention aims to increase the chances of survival or recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 Suppl 1(2)","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring The Role of Serum Netrin 1 Levels in Diabetic Foot Syndrome And Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"D Chaitra, N Pai Divya, H Raghavendra, D Kamath","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5206","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Serum netrin levels have been implicated in diabetes and its complications, including diabetic foot syndrome. Netrin 1, a protein encoded by the Netrin gene, has been recognized for its role in various physiological processes ranging from nervous system development to angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. In the context of diabetes, there is growing interest in understanding the relationship between serum netrin levels and the disease. Studies have suggested that netrin-1 may have a role in angiogenesis and inflammatory responses, both of which are relevant to diabetes and its complications. Research has indicated that may be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic foot syndrome, a serious complication of diabetes characterized by issues such as foot ulcers and impaired wound healing. Therefore, comparing serum netrin levels in individuals with diabetes, especially those with complications like diabetic foot syndrome, to those with uncomplicated diabetes, may provide insights into the potential association between netrin and the disease.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Eligible patients were recruited, and two ml of venous blood samples were collected from each patient Netrin-1 levels were estimated using an ELISA method from the blood sample collected in a plain vial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess and compare the levels of serum netrin in individuals diagnosed with diabetic foot syndrome and those with uncomplicated Type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression identified gender, BMI, smoking, LDL, and Netrin 1 (NTN1) levels as predictors of diabetic foot, with males and smokers at higher risk, BMI showing a protective effect, and NTN1 indicating a potential protective role. Clinical presentations included cellulitis, ulcers, and gangrene. A weak positive correlation was observed between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and NTN1 levels (r = 0.1106), with no significant differences in NTN1 across diabetic foot grades (p = 0.435). ROC analysis of NTN1 levels (cutoff 140.0 pg/ml) showed moderate diagnostic utility (65.4% sensitivity, 60% specificity, AUC 0.577), suggesting its potential as a biomarker.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings unveiled that individual with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) exhibited elevated serum Netrin-1 levels when compared to those with uncomplicated Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These results emphasized the significance of Netrin-1 within the diabetic foot syndrome context and offered valuable guidance for forthcoming investigations into its role in angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"201-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum vitamin E levels with oxidative stress in a pediatric intensive care unit in coastal South India: A cross sectional study.","authors":"O A Mushtaq, S S Rao, P Mithra, P Manjrekar, N Kamath","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5202","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased oxidative stress leads to organ dysfunction in critically ill children. Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble vitamin that is protective against oxidative injury. We aimed to study the status of vitamin E and its association with malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 60 children admitted to the PICU. Serum levels of vitamin E and MDA were determined at 24 ± 1 hour after admission. Patient details were obtained from medical records. Patients were divided into vitamin E deficiency group and normal vitamin E level group for analysis .The chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin E deficiency was detected in 46 (76.7%) children. The median value of vitamin E was 2.3 mg/L (interquartile range (IQR) 2.1-2.9). The median value of MDA was 4.5 nmol/ml (IQR 2.95-7.1). Decreased hemoglobin and increased C-reactive protein were noticed in the vitamin E-deficient group in comparison to normal vitamin E level group. There was a significant difference in the need for respiratory support (p=0.004) and any degree of organ dysfunction (p=0.01) between the two groups. There was no difference in mortality among the groups. Vitamin E levels were negatively correlated with MDA levels (rho= -0.270, p=0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed association of Vitamin E deficiency with lower hemoglobin, increased CRP and heightened disease severity as evidenced by need of respiratory support and organ dysfunction. Vitamin E levels showed an inverse correlation with MDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI metastatic lymph nodes detection in rectal cancer staging: retrospective analysis of intra- and inter-observer variability in an academic health centre.","authors":"R Vinci, L P Stoppino, S Piscone, S Saccone, G Schiraldi, P Milillo, L Macarini","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5209","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the agreement among observers with different abdominal MRI expertise and intra-observer reliability in metastatic lymph nodes detection and features definition. In this retrospective study, MRI examinations were performed in 88 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with primary surgery. Four obser-vers, two senior and two junior physicians, analyzed MRI scans in two sessions 30 days apart and determined size and morphological pattern of regional lymph nodes. Statistical analysis included the determination of the Fleiss kappa (k) coefficient, Cohen's Kappa coefficient, and confidence intervals (CI). The inter-observer reproducibility for MRI N-staging was good among the four physicians (kappa = 0.65; CI 0.45-0.77). Reproducibility between the two senior physicians had a kappa of 0.68 (CI 0.62-1.00), while between the two junior physicians had a kappa of 0.61 (CI 0.33-0.89). The intra-observer reproducibility progressively decreased between observers with different experience. There was a significant difference in lymph nodes measurements between the first and second sessions in observer A (p ≥ 0.05). Excellent intraobserver reproducibility was found for mesorectal lymph nodes while the lowest ones were found for presacral and lateral sacral lymph nodes. This study demonstrates good interobserver reliability among physicians with different abdominal MRI experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting venous drainage of dorsum of foot for anatomical rationale behind venous ulcers, a cadaveric study.","authors":"M P Shenoy, R Vadgaonkar, B V Murlimanju, M M Pai, S Sabapathi, A Dixit","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5201","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to study the venous drainage pattern of dorsum of foot and its anatomical variations with reference to the venous ulcer of foot. The objectives were to study its connection with the deeper structures and extensor retinaculum and to study the variations of its continuity with great saphenous vein (GSV) and short saphenous vein (SSV) at medial and lateral malleolus respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study included 50 dorsum of feet specimens from embalmed adult cadavers. The skin thickness viz dermis and epidermis were measured using the digital Vernier callipers at three places, over the medial malleolus, lateral malleolus and over the dorsum mid foot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The midtarsal retinaculum is found in 4 specimens (8%) and one of the tributaries of DVA is found embedded in it. The sural and saphenous nerves were giving more than three (>3) cutaneous branches each at the lateral and medial malleoli in only 5 specimens (10%). The cutaneous branches from the deep peroneal nerve were observed and piercing the extensor retinaculum in only 2 specimens (4%). The double great and short saphenous veins were observed in 2 specimens each (4%), with a variable course of termination. The absence of great and short saphenous veins was observed in one specimen each (2%). The tributaries of GSV, SSV and DVA were piercing the extensor retinaculum in 5 specimens each (10%). The GSV and DVA were communication with the anterior tibial vein in only 5 specimens (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since venous drainage is least studied area, our study will bring the anatomical aspects to be studied to understand the probable aetiology and this will give way for future studies. The findings of this study may help in understanding the rationale behind the ulcer formation and its effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFORMED CONSENT Beyond The Person and The Body.","authors":"G V Lacasella, K Karaboue","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5213","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Individual power of choice has overcome the old boundaries which governed only a patient's existence or body and now takes into account surrogate consent, i.e. that expressed by a third party, as well as the management of cells, tissues and organs that are no longer part of the person, parts that were previously considered surgical waste and that today have become priceless objects of research. Just over a decade ago doctors made the decisions and patients did what they were told. Doctors were not used to asking patients what their wishes and priorities were; they often withheld vital information from them and patients were treated like children: \"too fragile and clueless to face the truth, let alone make decisions.\" Patients were sometimes attached to machines, forced to take drugs, and subjected to operations without their opinion being sought. The principle of consent constitutes a natural corollary of the broader principle of personal freedom and is substantiated by the exclusivity of one's body and mind in that the person cannot be subjected to coercion or violation of his or her bodily sphere nor moral freedom; any power or duty of the doctor over the patient finds its sole and exclusive source in the consent of the patient themselves, representing the focal point of all legal authorisation of medical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"246-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Considerations in Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy: Anticipating Future Challenges in Medical Liability.","authors":"F Del Duca, G Santangelo, G Bogani, V Di Donato, G Perniola, F Spadazzi, A Ghamlouch, A Maiese, P Frati, C Trignano","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5184","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>New pharmaceutical formulations containing multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients have entered the market, combined to form compounded Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (cBHRT). The rise of alternative therapies is due to a large amount of misinformation about hormone replacement therapy and unexplained fears among the female population. This commentary reviews the impact of cBHRT on the current post-menopausal syndrome. Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapies are formulations of well-known active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from plants. In fact, users report that these products seem to be safer and more effective than FDA-approved hormonal replacement therapy. A literature research was performed to address common questions posed by physicians and patients with climacteric syndrome about cBHRT. This study raises several questions about cBHRT. First of all, no safety and security studies of individual cBHRT formulations have been performed. The efficacy of a cBHRT formulation based on personalized treatment appears to be ineffective. The costs of individual galenic preparations do not justify the efficacy and risks of cBHRT. On the medico-legal issue, galenic preparations have two types of possible risks: generic and specific. A generic risk is connected to the preparation, operator-dependent errors, and hygienic precautions. The specific risk of collateral effects is the possible drug-to-drug interactions, which have not been studied yet. The lack of scientific information exposes the prescribing physician to accusations of improper prescription and possible preventable risks. Caution in the prescription of cBHRT is always warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 Suppl 1(2)","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The usability of umbilical cord blood and infant blood procalcitonin as an early diagnostic marker in diagnosing early onset bacterial sepsis to enhance antibiotic stewardship (A prospective, case-control study).","authors":"F G Yehia, H Elhakeem, E E Mohamed, L A Gad, N R Hussein, A A A Ali, M I M Attalah, E H F Abouzied, A H Mostafa, E I Sorour, A Y Abdelgawad, A M A Mahmoud, A S I Mansour, A I M Hasan, M M M Saber, M M El Naghi, A A A Hamed, M F I Mosa, A F A Mohammad, M A Khoudary, A M M Omar, M A S Abd Elghaffar, A M I Gaafar, M A H Ahamed, A H I Ahmed, A A M El-Samman","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5203","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate if umbilical cord blood and infant blood procalcitonin could be useful to distinguish infected from healthy newborns with or without early onset bacterial sepsis (EOS) risk factors.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective case control study was done at Al-Azhar University Hospitals pediatric and neonatology departments (Alhussain, Alzahraa & Assiut branches), Helwan and Luxor University Hospitals during a period started from January 2023 to July 2023. Proclcitonin (PCT) was examined in umbilical cord blood from neonates that were 32 weeks or older at birth and after 24 hours after birth (Del PCT). Groups had the following definitions among the subjects: 1) EOS that was confirmed by culture; (n=20) 2) EOS that might occur based on risk factors for which antibiotics were given for less than 72 hours; (n =20) 3) risk factor(s) for EOS that could occur with no given antibiotic therapy; (n=20) 4) Healthy controls (n = 100). In addition, if taking blood was required for routine treatment, tests for C-reactive protein (CRP) and PCT were performed on venous or capillary blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Umbilical cord blood PCT levels were significantly higher in samples of group 1 compared to other groups. The cut-off of the umbilical cord CRP was 10.5 mg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 41, 88.0, 29 and 28%, respectively. At a PCT cut-off of 1.18 ng/mL, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 79, 91, 51 and 61%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonates ≥32 weeks with a confirmed or probable EOS had higher umbilical cord blood PCT levels, but those with EOS risk factors have lower levels. However, PCT does not appear to be a good indicator following antibiotic therapy for the mother. So, to differentiate between healthy and infected neonates with or without EOS risk factors, PCT may be helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tips and tricks of anorectal care with topical lidocaine (octose-dan) administration: retrospective, anecdotical, spontaneous, and observational study.","authors":"B Palmieri, M Vadalà","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5204","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5204","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The local symptomatic treatment of anorectal diseases encloses a wide variety of creams, ointments, suppositories, irrigation fluids etc, based essentially on anaesthetics, antioedema, phlebotomids, keratolytic and coating agents, anti-inflammatories, steroids, aiming at achieving fast improvement and at least partial pain remission especially soon after stool. Unfortunately, the method of blending different chemicals pooled in a single formulation often prevents the full curative effect of each active principle: in fact, the stechiometric balance of these melting pots does not achieve the full dose-effect of each one; furtherly the patients would be warned to use only effective evidence-based products, preventing the risk of skin and mucosa sen-sitization in the long run when different chemical or herbal compounds are together administered. On the basis of the literature review, we focused our study on a single drug-medication whose properties go beyond the classic anaesthetic claim: lidocaine 5%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In our anecdotical, spontaneous, and observational study, 30 patients both sexes (15 males and 15 females), recruited from the Second Opinion Medical Consulting Network for a spontaneous anecdotical post marketing evaluation of grade 1,2,3 haemorrhoids (n=23), anal fistulas (n=2) and fissures (n=5) treatment with a 5% lidocaine ointment (Octosedan Laboratori Baldacci S.p.A., Italy) for two months; the primary endpoints of the investigation were tolerability and effectiveness to relieve pain, itching, soiling and discomfort at rest or during and after stool emission. The most commonly reported symptom was bleeding, present in 20 patients with prevalence in women. In 13 patients (43,33%) the \"wet anus\" with or without soiling was present, while 12 patients (40%) complained of intermittent itching. In 7 patients (23,33%) hemorrhoidal thrombosis with prevalent (6/ 7) heavy pain, was recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;28/30 treated patients had significantly symptom impro-vement (p&lt;0.0001), 10 (33,33%) patients were addressed to surgical therapy for persistence of symptoms, (7 at the end of the therapeutic cycle 3, spontaneously asking to anticipate surgery before the end of the trial) 4 clinical cases fairly improved but accepted a further surgical revaluation three months later. Of the 19 patients previously treated with flavonoids or heparinoid therapy with unsatisfactory results, 9 (30%) participants found benefit from the new treatment. Of the 5 patients whose anal fissures healed primarily, only 1 patient developed a recurrent fissure within 6 months. Octosedan administration relieved the pain after 5 days with a tolerable life quality and promoted fissures healing in one month. No adverse effects of the treatment were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The local symptomatic treatment of haemorrhoids grade one, two, three and of the fissures, and the fistul","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 2","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Associated infections: European comparative analysis and forensic expertise in compensation systems.","authors":"L De Paola, G Napoletano, N Di Fazio, S Marinelli, R Rinaldi","doi":"10.7417/CT.2025.5189","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2025.5189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the most common and serious complications of healthcare, significantly impacting both clinical outcomes and medicolegal processes. The rising incidence of HAIs has led to increased attention toward compensation mechanisms. In Europe, there are various compensation systems for personal injury, and HAIs can also be considered in the calculation of redressable biological damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study provides a comparative analysis of compensation systems in selected European countries, focusing specifically on the treatment of HAIs. All studies published between 2013 and 2023 on HAIs and compensation systems have been accounted for, yielding 296 relevant articles, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Further literature, data, and additional records were identified through hand searching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aim of this review is to explore the most effective compensation systems for HAIs and to emphasize the critical role of forensic expertise in these processes. Notably, no-fault compensation systems emerged as more efficient and cost-effective, offering faster resolution times compared to fault-based models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In all systems, forensic medical experts play an essential role in assessing cases and determining appropriate compensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"176 Suppl 1(2)","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}