Clinical & Translational Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells modulation in the context of tumor microenvironment for gastric cancer.","authors":"José Dario Portillo-Miño, Jhon Jairo Calderón, Erika Ruiz-García, Cecilia Monge","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03960-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03960-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) exhibits aggressive behavior and high mortality rates globally. In this respect, the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is hindered by various factors including tumor heterogeneity, immune phenotypes, chronic H. pylori infection, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The immunosuppressive TME is fostered by multiple immune cell subpopulations as tumor-associated neutrophils, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The MDSC abundantly infiltrates gastric TME, which interacts with H. pylori infection and is influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic inflammation, and hypoxia. Understanding its cellular and molecular biology of GC is crucial for developing novel therapeutic options. Current preclinical evidence is emerging to support translational oncology on MDSC immunotherapy. This article review suggests MDSC modulation may be a promising avenue for enhancing chemotherapy and immunotherapy responses against GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical impact following the establishment of a specialized brain metastases tumor board.","authors":"Izaskun Valduvieco, Gabriela Antelo, Alberto Di Somma, Mireia Alvarez, Sebastian Capurro, MLourdes Olondo, Ana Arance, Laura Ferrer-Mileo, Iban Aldecoa, Carme Ares, Tanny Barreto, Alejandra Mosteiro, Josep Gonzalez, Joaquim Enseñat, Meritxell Mollà","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03949-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03949-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of brain metastasis tumor board (BMTB) on treatment patterns and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>365 patients with brain metastases (BM) were analyzed at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona from October 2019 to October 2022. This included those treated in the department of neurosurgery and radiation oncology during the first 18 months following its establishment. Demographic, clinicopathological, and treatment data were recorded and compared between the groups with and without BTBM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 365, 95 were in the BMTB group and 270 in the non-BMTB group. Patients discussed at the BMTB had higher rates of surgery (53.7% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001) and stereotactic radiosurgery (63.1% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001). The time between surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy was shorter in the BMTB group (37 days, 95% CI 4 vs. 48 days, 95% CI 18, p = 0.018). No differences were observed in local progression (26.0% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.9) but there were differences in cerebral progression (43.2% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.004). Rescue treatment was more common in the BMTB group (26.3% vs 10.0%, p < 0.001). Median survival after BM was significantly longer in the BMTB group (28.2 ± 2.7 vs. 12.7 ± 1.04 months, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidisciplinary discussions for patients with BM are crucial as they improve overall survival through integrated therapies. Additional trials are needed to optimize treatment integration in this complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a practice-based score to predict extended duration of proton beam therapy session in pediatric patients.","authors":"José M Fernández-de Miguel, Miguel Ángel García-Aroca, Ignacio Manrique Yera, Felipe A Calvo, María Aymerich de Francesci, Jose Manuel Álvarez Avello, Elena Panizo Morgado, Jorge M Núñez-Córdoba","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03972-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03972-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Due to the labor intensity demanded by proton beam therapy (PBT) in pediatric patients, information on operational procedures related to efficiency is crucial to optimize quality and safety. We aimed to identify patient factors that affect the duration of the pediatric PBT session and to develop an easy-to-use predictive score of extended duration.</p><p><strong>Methods/patients: </strong>This is an observational retrospective cohort study in an academic medical centre, between May 2020 and February 2024. Seventy seven ASA III pediatric patients treated with PBT were recruited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 4.8 years [standard deviation (SD): 2.1] and 52% were women. The mean duration of the PBT session was 50 min (SD: 17). Extended duration of the PBT session (> 45 min) occurred in 39 patients (51%). Five predictors of extended duration were selected for the final prediction model. In the multivariable model, an age > 45 months showed a near eightfold increased odds of extended duration [Odds ratio (OR): 7.76, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.63-36.99, P = 0.010]. The OR (95% CI) for long-term venous access, no recurrent tumors, hydrocephalus, and craniospinal location were 5.91 (1.47 to 23.79), 3.81 (0.67 to 21.69), 3.79 (0.90 to 15.97), and 2.59 (0.69 to 9.76), respectively. This five-variable model was used to build a nomogram-based score with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A simple nomogram based on readily available pretreatment data has potential for planning pediatric PBT standard clinical expert practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal inference in the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer: current state and future directions.","authors":"Feng Zhan, Lidan He, Shilong Qin, Yina Guo","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03967-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03967-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer represents one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies, characterized by low early detection rates and challenging prognostic assessment. Conventional diagnostic modalities demonstrate limited sensitivity and specificity for early-stage disease identification. Recent research has begun to explore causal inference methodologies as complementary approaches that may enhance diagnostic precision and prognostic capability. This systematic review evaluates the current state and future prospects of causal inference methodologies in enhancing ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We performed a comprehensive systematic review focusing on causal inference methodologies applied to ovarian cancer research. The analysis encompassed biomarker identification, pathogenic mechanism elucidation, and multimodal data integration. Additionally, we analyzed the synergistic combination of causal inference with machine learning approaches across genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and imaging datasets. Causal inference methods have shown effectiveness in identifying crucial biomarkers and revealing underlying pathogenic mechanisms of ovarian cancer. The integration of machine learning with causal inference has enhanced model interpretability, clinical applicability, and diagnostic-prognostic accuracy. These approaches have achieved improved predictions of disease progression and optimization of treatment strategies by leveraging clinical, genetic, and imaging data. Causal inference shows considerable potential in advancing precision medicine for ovarian cancer, offering robust frameworks for addressing confounding factors and establishing causal relationships. As these methodologies evolve and data volumes expand, their application may become increasingly valuable in oncology practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for diagnosis and management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients with ex20ins EGFR mutations: insights from a Delphi consensus.","authors":"Dolores Isla, Esther Conde, Atocha Romero, Margarita Garrido, Juan Francisco Marín, Bartomeu Massuti, Ihab Abdulkader-Nallib, María-Josep Carreras, Marta Marina, Jose M Calderón, Ignacio Gil-Bazo","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03971-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03971-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) harboring exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) face a particularly poor prognosis. This consensus aimed to consolidate expert opinions on the diagnosis and management of these patients in view of recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize evidence on managing NSCLC patients with ex20ins mutations. Using the Delphi methodology, the perspectives of 30 healthcare professionals (HCPs) from the Spanish National Healthcare System were collected regarding the diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and patient perspectives of the disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experts emphasized the critical role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in diagnosing NSCLC patients, highlighting the need for detailed molecular profiling to optimize therapeutic decisions. Amivantamab was identified as a potential preferred therapeutic option due to its demonstrated benefit in clinical trials, including patients with brain metastases. Additionally, the HCPs underscored the importance of incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into clinical evaluation and ensuring access to therapies with proven efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This consensus provides a valuable guideline for diagnosing and managing NSCLC patients with ex20ins EGFR mutations, emphasizing the integration of advanced diagnostic tools, evidence-based therapies, and patient-centered care to enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can intraoperative sentinel node fine-needle aspiration biopsy replace sentinel node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery?","authors":"I Barco, A García, E Vallejo, M Torras, X Tarroch, M Ysamat, M Fraile","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03961-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03961-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sentinel Node Biopsy (SNB) side effects could be avoided if the sentinel node (SN) is sampled but not removed using intraoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). In a previous study, we demonstrated the feasibility of this technique. The goal of our current research is to evaluate its potential as an alternative to SNB in node-negative patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We studied 153 cases referred to our Breast Unit for treatment involving conservative breast surgery and SNB. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of intraoperative SN-FNAB by comparing it with histopathology results and the need for subsequent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) across three levels of analysis: direct pathologic comparison, exclusion of micrometastases, and exclusion of up to two involved sentinel nodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 81.7% of cases, samples were suitable for cytologic analysis. Both sensitivity and NPV reached 100% in the third level of analysis. No negative cases showed tumor involvement beyond the sentinel node. Positive FNAB results were associated with a higher likelihood of ALND and greater axillary tumor burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of the HALP score in patients with testicular cancer: a retrospective study.","authors":"Ahmet Burak Agaoglu, Atike Pınar Erdogan, Mustafa Sahbazlar, Ferhat Ekinci","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03973-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03973-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a novel immune nutritional index associated with the prognosis of various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the HALP score in predicting recurrence, metastasis, and survival outcomes in patients with testicular cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 131 patients with histologically confirmed testicular cancer who were treated between January 2010 and December 2024. HALP scores were calculated using the baseline laboratory parameters. An optimal cutoff value of 304.56 was identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (AUC: 0.820; 95% CI 0.708-0.902; p < 0.001). Patients were stratified into high and low HALP groups based on this threshold value. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median HALP score was 531.1 (IQR: 348.8-728.5). A low HALP score (≤ 304.56) was significantly associated with poorer 1-year overall survival (54.5% vs. 98.2%, p < 0.001) and a 15.6-fold increased risk of death (HR 15.604, 95% CI 2.718-89.645, p = 0.001) based on Cox regression analysis. In the multivariate analysis, a low HALP score (HR: 7.684, p = 0.016), the presence of comorbidity (HR 13.528, p = 0.002), and tunica albuginea invasion (HR 7.255, p = 0.030) were identified as independent predictors of recurrence or metastasis. In addition, the HALP score was significantly associated with disease stage (p < 0.001), with lower scores more commonly observed in patients with advanced-stage disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HALP score was a simple, inexpensive, and effective prognostic biomarker in testicular cancer. A score ≤ 304.56 is independently associated with a higher risk of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality. Incorporating HALP into routine assessments may improve risk stratification and clinical decision-making in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into risk, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes.","authors":"Tu Tuan Tran, Huy The Be, Khanh Dinh Hoang, Hoang Duc Dong","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03965-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03965-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, yet the disease manifests and progresses differently between sexes. Significant disparities in risk factors, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes are shaped by a combination of biological differences and sociocultural influences. Males face a significantly higher risk of developing HCC, primarily due to greater exposure to key risk factors such as chronic hepatitis B and C infections, excessive alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders. In contrast, females generally exhibit better prognoses, attributed to the protective effects of estrogen and stronger immune responses. However, despite these advantages, females often experience delays in diagnosis and encounter barriers to accessing optimal treatment options. This narrative review explores the sex- and gender-based disparities in HCC, highlighting their impact on disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness. Understanding these differences is crucial for improving patient outcomes and advancing personalized therapeutic approaches for HCC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering prognostic biomarkers through a pharmacovigilance study: the case of RDW.","authors":"Valerio Liguori, Antonietta Anatriello, Alessia Zinzi, Angela Ragone, Ciro Pentella, Annalisa Capuano, Concetta Rafaniello, Silvio Naviglio, Luigi Sapio","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03970-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03970-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies highlighted the potential role of Red cell distribution width (RDW) as a prognostic biomarker in oncology. RDW has been associated with systemic inflammation, a key factor in cancer progression. While clinical trials and cohort studies suggest a correlation between RDW alterations and poor prognosis, its specific role in patients undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to explore the potential relationship between RDW alterations and treatment outcomes in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors using pharmacovigilance data from Eudra Vigilance (EV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved Individual Case Safety Reports from EV database, reporting pembrolizumab or nivolumab as suspected drug (January 2015 to March 2025). The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) with its 95% of Confidence Interval (95% CI) was computed to assess if drugs of interest have a lower/higher probability of reporting adverse events (AEs) belonging to the System Organ Class \"Investigation\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 12,289 ICSRs, 6981 (56.8%) involved pembrolizumab and 5308 (43.2%) nivolumab. Most ICSRs referred to male patients aged 18-64. Pembrolizumab showed higher reporting probability of \"Platelet count decreased\" (ROR 2.41, 95% CI 2.14-2.72), \"Neutrophil count decreased\" (ROR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.80), \"White blood cell count decreased\" (ROR 1.50, 95% CI 1.26-1.78), \"Blood creatinine increased\" (ROR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.42), \"C-reactive protein increased\" (ROR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53) compared to nivolumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new insights into the potential prognostic value of RDW in patients treated with ICIs. These results warrant further investigations to determine its utility in monitoring ICI therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TH-302 (evofosfamide) monotherapy exerts anticancer activity in Ewing's sarcoma cells under hypoxia.","authors":"Marie Kühne, Sabine Becker, Jürgen Sonnemann, Christian Marx","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03956-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-025-03956-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor hypoxia is a significant factor in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, leading to poor patient outcomes. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) are a class of agents that selectively target these hypoxic environments. They remain inactive under normal oxygen conditions but are activated by low oxygen levels. TH-302 (evofosfamide), a nitroimidazole mustard, is a clinically advanced HAP. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TH-302 in three Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TH-302 was assessed for its effects on DNA damage, cell proliferation, cell death, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3/7 activation, and the emergence of sub-G1 cell populations using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR. These effects were compared under different oxygen concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TH-302 induced DNA damage and reduced cell number in ES cells by over 60%, preferentially under hypoxic conditions, independent of the cellular p53 status. TH-302 caused cell death in up to 40% of cells and mitochondrial depolarization in up to 60% of cells. Additionally, TH-302-induced caspase-3/7 activation and increased sub-G1 cell populations predominantly under hypoxia, with the most pronounced effects occurring at 0.2% environmental oxygen compared to 1% O₂.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These in vitro findings suggest that TH-302 may be efficacious in ES. This provides a rationale for further in vivo investigations into the potential of TH-302 as a treatment for ES.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}