Clinical and Investigative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Leptin Levels of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications.","authors":"Jingzhu Nan,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Diangeng Li,&nbsp;Meiling Jin,&nbsp;Guanghong Guo,&nbsp;Jin Dong,&nbsp;Xiujuan Li","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.38873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i3.38873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate serum leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the relationship between leptin levels and T2DM complications and prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 355 patients, 282 cases with T2DM and 73 normal controls, were recruited at 1st Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) between November 2013 and July 2014. Levels of serum leptin, biochemical markers and sexual hormones were measured, and clinical characteristics were retrieved through the electronic medical record system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leptin levels in females were higher than that in males. Leptin levels in T2MD patients were positively correlated with body mass index, percent body fat, triglyceride, cystatin C homocysteine and salivary acid, and negatively correlated with glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated albumin levels. Leptin levels in males were positively correlated with systolic pressure and estradiol, and negatively correlated with testosterone and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sex (female) was positively correlated with the duration of disease. Leptin levels in T2DM patients with complications such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and coronary heart disease were higher than that in patients without such complications. Leptin levels in females with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macroangiopathy were higher than that in patients without such complications, but there was no difference in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leptin has significant gender differences. Leptin levels are related to body mass index, percent body fat and sex hormone level in T2DM patients and may affect short-term blood glucose control in T2DM patients. Leptin levels are related to complications in patients with T2DM and affect the prevalence rates of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E32-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KMT5A Knockdown Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis Through Ꞵ-Catenin Signalling.","authors":"Jiangdong An,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaoheng Wang,&nbsp;Keping Wang,&nbsp;Wanling Liang,&nbsp;Xiangyu Liu,&nbsp;Haiyu Zhou,&nbsp;Haihong Zhang,&nbsp;Shuankev Wang","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.38933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i3.38933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant solid bone tumor in children and young adults. We aimed to investigate the effects and cellular mechanisms of KMT5A on OS cell activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The protein expression was evaluated in the clinical normal, adjacent and OS osteogenic tissues. Knockdown of KMT5A was achieved by KMT5A siRNAs in a human OS cell line, MG63, to detect cell proliferation and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KMT5A expression was upregulated in clinical OS tissues. Knockdown of KMT5A inhibited cell proliferation but enhanced cell death, with significantly reduced cyclinD1 and Bcl2 and increased cleaved-caspase9 levels. KMT5A knockdown also suppressed OS cell migration and invasion capacity and deceased MMP3 and vimentin expression. β-catenin levels were upregulated in OS tissues and blocking KMT5A resulted in a significant decline in β-catenin expression in the OS cells. Further administration of β-catenin activator remarkably increased protein levels of KMT5A, cyclinD1, Bcl2, MMP3, and vimentin, which showed reversed effects of KMT5A knockdown on OS cell activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KMT5A knockdown plays an inhibitory role in OS cell proliferation and metastasis through β-catenin signalling, which provides basic evidence and suggests potential targets for OS therapeutic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denosumab Versus Bisphosphonates for the Prevention of the Vertebral Fractures in Men with Osteoporosis: An Updated Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Pengfei Li, Xiaojian Wu, Ye Li, Jianhua Huang","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.38875","DOIUrl":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.38875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of the prevention of vertebral fractures in men with osteoporosis by treatment with denosumab is debated. This study aimed to update the comparative effectiveness of denosumab and bisphosphonates for preventing vertebral fractures in men with osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials that enrolled men with osteoporosis. Fixed-effects network meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of vertebral fractures, and the relative risk (RR) and 95% confident interval (CI) values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, and the identified bisphosphonates were risedronate, alendronate, zoledronic acid, and ibandronate. Compared with placebo or control, a significant reduction in vertebral fractures was observed for denosumab (RR 0.30, 95%CI 0.13 0.68), risedronate (RR 0.39, 95%CI 0.19 0.77), and zoledronic acid (RR 0.45, 95%CI 0.21 0.98). According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), denosumab was the most effective one among the included agents for the risk reduction of vertebral fracture. However, compared with each bisphosphonate, the RR values of denosumab were not significant [RR 0.78 (95%CI 0.25 2.43) vs. risedronate, RR 0.55 (95%CI 0.18 1.75) vs. alendronate, RR 0.66 (95%CI 0.19 2.32) vs. zoledronic acid and RR 1.12 (95%CI 0.08 14.83) vs. ibandronate].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Denosumab effectively reduced the risk of vertebral fractures in men with osteoporosis, and this effect was comparable to that of bisphosphonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Predictive Value of Primary Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diagnoses on Death Certificates.","authors":"Shane English,&nbsp;Carl van Walraven Van Walraven","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.38874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i3.38874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Epidemiological studies of primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH) frequently include population-based death registries for case finding. The positive predictive value of pSAH diagnoses in death registries is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study identified all people in Ontario, Canada with pSAH listed as a cause of death between 2013 and 2017. pSAH was classified as \"very likely\" if diagnosis of pSAH was confirmed by autopsy, there was a previous hospitalization where pSAH probability exceeded 85% or death was preceded within a week by an emergency room visit where pSAH probability exceeded 25%. pSAH was classified as \"very unlikely\" if previous cerebrovascular imaging had never been done. Remaining cases were classified as \"pSAH status unknown\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1,613 deaths attributed to pSAH were identified (mean 322/year). pSAH classification frequencies were as follows: very likely 528 (32.7%); very unlikely 433 (26.8%); and status unknown 652 (40.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that a quarter of pSAH cases in our province's death registry were very unlikely to be true pSAH while 40% had unknown veracity. These data should be considered when using death registries for pSAH case finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of The Canadian Clinician Investigator Trainees' Research Presented at CSCI-CITAC Joint Meeting.","authors":"Valera Castanov,&nbsp;Melissa Phuong,&nbsp;Claudia Turco,&nbsp;Sani Eskinazi,&nbsp;Robert Lao,&nbsp;Emmanuelle LeBlanc,&nbsp;Adam Pietrobon,&nbsp;Zacharie Saint-Georges,&nbsp;Wenxuan Wang,&nbsp;Amelia Yuan,&nbsp;Heather Whittaker","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.39271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i3.39271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2021 Annual Joint Meeting (AJM) and Young Investigators' Forum of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation / Société Canadienne de Recherches Clinique (CSCI/SCRC) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada/Association des Cliniciens-Chercheurs en Formation du Canada (CITAC/ACCFC) was hosted virtually on November 14-16th, 2021. The theme of the AJM was \"Communication, Collaboration, and Tools for the Next Generation of Clinician Scientists\", and emphasized lectures, panels and interactive workshops designed to provide knowledge and skills for professional development of clinician investigator trainees. The opening remarks were given by Nicola Jones (President of CSCI/SCRC) and Adam Pietrobon (Past President of CITAC/ACCFC). The keynote speaker was Dr. Timothy Caulfield, who delivered the presentation titled \"Communication in the Era of Misinformation\". Dr. Michael Hill (University of Calgary) received the CSCI Distinguished Scientist Award and Dr. Philippe Campeau (Université de Montréal) received the CSCI Joe Doupe Young Investigator Award. Each of the scientists delivered award winning talks during the symposium titled \"All the King's Horses and All the King's Men\" and \"Understanding Growth Plate Disorders to Better Treat Them\", respectively. The three interactive workshops included \"Data Visualization\", \"Science Communication on Social Media\" and \"Mentorship in Action\". The two panels were \"CIHR Engagement: Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinician Investigator Career Path\" and \"Early Career Investigator Panel\". The AJM also included presentations from clinician investigator trainees from across the country. Over 60 abstracts were showcased at this year's meeting, most of which are summarized in this review. Six outstanding abstracts were selected for oral presentations during the President's Forum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall 2022: Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC).","authors":"Melissa S Phuong Phuong,&nbsp;Valera Castanov,&nbsp;Claudia Turco,&nbsp;Robert Lao,&nbsp;Wenxuan Wang,&nbsp;Amelia Yuan,&nbsp;Heather Whittaker","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i3.39272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i3.39272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On behalf of the Clinical Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC) Board of Directors, I would like to extend an enthusiastic welcome to our new MD+ trainee members! I hope you soaked up all that summer had to offer and are in good back-to-school spirits. A new academic year is upon us, and opportunities abound for the Canadian physician scientist trainee community.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 3","pages":"E1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and Barriers to Clinical Pathway Uptake and Utilization Among Primary Care Providers in Saskatchewan - A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Gary Groot,&nbsp;Shaliny Ollegasagrem,&nbsp;Mahasti Khakpour,&nbsp;Adel Panahi,&nbsp;Donna Goodridge,&nbsp;Joshua Lloyd,&nbsp;Leigh Kinsman,&nbsp;Thomas Rotter,&nbsp;Zane Tymchak,&nbsp;Tracey Carr","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i2.38450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i2.38450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clinical Pathways (CPWs) are multidisciplinary, evidence-based, complex interventions designed to standardize patient care. In Saskatchewan, development, implementation and evaluation of the seven provincial CPWs (Hip & Knee, Spine, Pelvic Floor, Prostate Assessment, Fertility Care, Lower Extremity Wound Care and Acute Stroke) present significant challenges, leading to low utilization. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to CPW utilization by Saskatchewan family physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify the facilitators and barriers to CPWs, a qualitative interpretive approach consisted of eight one-on-one key informant interviews and five focus groups held with 30 family physicians in two larger urban and two smaller Saskatchewan cities. Inductive, thematic analysis of the interviews based on the Theoretical Domain Framework for behavioral changes was used to identify facilitators and barriers to CPW uptake and utilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one themes were mapped under 14 Theoretical Domain Framework domains. Major barriers included the following: system-level (knowledge and communication, social/professional identity, family physician engagement and education); objective clarification (goals, belief about consequences of implementing CPW); and technical and resource related (administrative, access to local specialists, enforcement and incentives). The most prominent barrier was lack of systematic CPW promotion and inconsistencies in communication between the following: organization-to-practitioner; organization-to-organization; and practitioner-to-practitioner. Facilitators who mitigated barriers were need for optimized and integrated information technology services (i.e., Electronic Medical Records) and optimism towards CPW usage and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory study identified specific improvements and recommendations required to promote uptake of CPWs based on perceived facilitators and barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 2","pages":"E1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40395975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics and Cytokine Analysis for Identification of Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucination.","authors":"Xinchun Li,&nbsp;Chao Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liang,&nbsp;Dongfeng Li,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Huiqiong Xiao,&nbsp;Xuejun Liu,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Dong Yang,&nbsp;Meizhi Li","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i2.38096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i2.38096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the metabolic profile and biomarkers of schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations (AHs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 18 schizophrenic patients with the symptom of pure AHs (pAHs), 28 without AH (nAHs) and 43 age-matched healthy persons (Con) were enrolled in this study. Participants in pAHs and nAHs groups had relapsed into exacerbations of psychosis after self-discontinuing antipsychotics for at least one month; blood samples were drawn prior to restarting anti-psychotic treatment. Participants with history of recreational substance use were excluded. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS) were used to assess the clinical mental state of all samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to estimate the level of cytokines, and metabolomics analysis to identify potential biomarkers and pathways in the three groups. Graphpad 8.0 software was used to calculate the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between metabolites and cytokines were determined using correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaire scores showed significant differences in the positive symptom scale and PANSS total between nAHs and pAHs groups. Four cytokines (BDNF, IL-2, NGF-β and TNF-α) differed significantly among the three groups. Six molecules in the nAHs group (phenylalanine, hippurate, serine, glutamate, valine and cystine) and four in the pAHs group (phenylalanine, serine, glutamate and cystine) were identified as potential biomarkers. In addition, phenylalanine was shown as a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for pAHs. Correlation analysis revealed that cystine and serine were significantly negatively correlated with IL-2 in the pAHs group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed the metabolic profile of patients with schizophrenia with AHs and provided new information to support the diagnosis. The identification of unique biomarkers would contribute to objective and reliable diagnoses of patients with schizophrenia with AH.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 2","pages":"E39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40398901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor-In-Chief for Clinical and Investigative Medicine.","authors":"The Canadian Society For Clinical Investigation Csci","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i2.38850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v45i2.38850","url":null,"abstract":"The Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI) is seeking an Editor-in-Chief for the Society's journal, \"Clinical and Investigative Medicine\". The Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI) is seeking an Editor-in-Chief for the Society's journal, \"Clinical and Investigative Medicine\". If you are knowledgeable in the areas of clinical research that span disciplines from fundamental to clinical to population health, and you are keenly interested in encouraging the careers of young investigators, this may provide an exciting opportunity. Editor-in-Chief is an important role for the Society. Clinical and Investigative Medicine (CIM) is a well-established open-access peer-reviewed journal owned by CSCI. The person selected for this role will be responsible for choosing articles based on their scientific quality and for overseeing all aspects of their review and publication. The journal focuses on clinical and research articles that provide insights into the scientific basis for clinical disease processes. The journal also actively supports the careers of young investigators and encourages publication of their work. Five-year Impact Factor: 1.32 Citations: 1,200/year History: 1978-present Published: Four times annually ISSN: 1488-2353 (electronic) NLM ID: 7804071 Indexing: Index Medicus; Medline; and PubMed; v1n1, (1978) to present. Print issues v1n1- v29n5 (2006); electronic issues v30n1-v45n1 (present) Please contact CIM Manager rob@Gallaher.ca for more information.","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"E49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83338280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscarinic Receptor Antagonism and Allergen Induced Airway Responses in Allergic Asthma: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Beth E Davis, Kayla J Cropper, Donald W Cockcroft Cockcroft","doi":"10.25011/cim.v45i2.38229","DOIUrl":"10.25011/cim.v45i2.38229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this scoping review was to identify existing clinical and basic science knowledge surrounding the effect of muscarinic receptor antagonism on allergen-induced airway responses to inform future clinical research in this area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple advanced searches were performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed search engine. Each search began with two terms; for example, \"atropine and asthma\" or \"tiotropium and airway inflammation\". Results were then further refined to include terms such as \"allergen\" or \"ovalbumin (OVA)\". Abstracts of refined searches were reviewed for relevance to allergic asthma and allergen-induced airway responses including the early and late asthmatic responses, airway inflammation and tissue remodelling. There was no restriction regarding publication date. Reference lists of selected papers were also reviewed for relevant publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine human clinical trial publications and fourteen animal model publications were identified. In humans, single dose atropine (n=4), ipratropium (n=4) or oxitropium (n=1) administered pre-challenge produced equivocal effects on allergen-induced early asthmatic responses as reported but favored inhibition in eight of nine studies after re-analyses. Animal model investigations (n=14) showed mostly favorable results, especially with respect to airway inflammation and tissue remodelling, although two studies were negative, and one study showed a worsening in allergen induced airway inflammation following muscarinic receptor antagonism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Existing human and animal model data suggest muscarinic receptor antagonism may be beneficial in preventing allergen induced airway responses in those with allergic asthma. Additional human research utilizing current standardized methodologies is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":50683,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine","volume":"45 2","pages":"E10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40395977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}