Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Withdrawal-related threat sensitivity mediates associations between perceived rejection and loneliness: Divergent neural correlates in younger and older adults.","authors":"Lulu Liu, Runyu Huang, Yu-Jung Shang, Shijie Li, Yushan Cen","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01454-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceived social rejection is a robust risk factor for loneliness across the lifespan; yet the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying this association may differ by age. This study investigated whether withdrawal-related threat sensitivity mediates the relationship between perceived rejection and loneliness in younger and older adults and whether distinct brain regions are associated with this pathway. A total of 249 participants (141 younger adults aged 18-34 years and 108 older adults aged 60-89 years) completed questionnaires assessing perceived rejection, withdrawal-related threat sensitivity, and loneliness, and underwent structural MRI. Higher perceived rejection was associated with greater withdrawal-related threat sensitivity and loneliness, and withdrawal-related threat sensitivity partially mediated the association between perceived rejection and loneliness in both age groups. Older adults reported lower mean levels of withdrawal-related threat sensitivity and loneliness, but the indirect behavioral association did not differ reliably by age group. Exploratory neuroimaging analyses suggested that gray matter volume in several regions in self-referential and social-perceptual processing (i.e., left angular gyrus, left precuneus, left subparietal sulcus, left planum temporale, and right superior temporal sulcus) was associated with loneliness through perceived rejection and withdrawal-related threat sensitivity. In exploratory analyses, age-sensitive indirect effects were observed in the left precuneus and left planum temporale, with significant effects evident only in younger adults. These findings provide preliminary evidence that withdrawal-related threat sensitivity may explain the association between perceived rejection and loneliness across adulthood, while age differences may be more evident in mean levels and exploratory structural correlates than in the behavioral pathway itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2180-2190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of acculturation on the ERP correlates of self- and other-referencing.","authors":"Ashley Gilliam, Qihao Xie, Alena Lokhmanenko, Angela Gutchess","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01453-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acculturation, or cultural change in individuals through continuous contact between distinct cultural groups, is an important construct to study to understand the mechanisms behind effects of cultural background, values, and environment on thoughts and behaviors. This study examined the impact of acculturation on cognitive strategy usage, specifically investigating change in self- and other-referencing strategies in memory among Chinese international students as they acculturated to the US. The current study replicated in a new sample behavioral memory effects associated with acculturation. Importantly, it also extended research by examining the relationship between acculturation and ERP components (P300, late frontal positivity, late positive potential) that represent processes associated with memory strategies (self-/other-referencing) that differ across cultures. In a sample of 56 Chinese students studying in the US, we found that greater acculturation to the US was associated with a larger behavioral self-reference effect, contrasted by a smaller neural self-reference effect (late frontal positivity and late positive potential). However, results provide mixed support for cognitive differences with acculturation being due to one's processing of the self and changes in one's neural response to the degree of self-relatedness of information. Instead, we posit the potential for level of effortful processing, or the level of effort put forth to engage in a strategy, as a mechanism for culture's influence on memory strategy usage. Future research should explore these associations, including measuring change in EEG/ERP measures longitudinally over the course of the acculturation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2241-2260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racism and alterations in brain structure and function: A narrative review of emerging neuroimaging evidence in racialized individuals.","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi, Jude Mary Cénat","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01461-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01461-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial discrimination functions as a chronic psychosocial stressor that underlies racial trauma and elevates risk for mental disorders among racialized individuals. Emerging neuroimaging research has identified associations between experiences of racial discrimination and alterations in brain structure and function. However, the limited number of studies among racialized individuals constitutes a major gap in the scientific literature, leading to critical deficiencies in scientific knowledge, clinical practice, and informed public health strategies. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 19 neuroimaging studies examining the associations between experiences of racial discrimination and brain structure and function among racialized individuals across the lifespan. Neuroimaging studies have revealed consistent alterations in neural circuits involved in emotion regulation, threat detection, cognitive control, and self-referential processing among Black and other racialized individuals with experiences of racial discrimination. Notably, experiences of racial discrimination are associated with increased salience network connectivity (e.g., amygdala-insula), reduced prefrontal connectivity, decreased white matter integrity, and cortical thinning in regions, such as the cingulate cortex and hippocampus. These neural alterations are linked to heightened vigilance, emotion dysregulation, and higher risk for mental and physical health problems. This review highlights the limitations of previous studies along with providing future research directions. Recent neuroimaging studies on racial discrimination reveal key methodological limitations, including reliance on cross-sectional designs, limited sample diversity, small sample sizes, and inadequate intersectional analyses. Future research should employ longitudinal, multimodal approaches with larger, more diverse samples to elucidate causal pathways and protective factors underlying racism-related neurobiological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1962-1982"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does time pressure reveal habits? Divergent results from outcome devaluation and response remapping paradigms.","authors":"Parnian Rafei, Steph F Suddell, Eike K Buabang, Gonzalo P Urcelay, Claire M Gillan","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01474-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01474-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Habits are central to daily life but remain difficult to study in the lab. Outcome Devaluation is often considered a \"gold standard\" paradigm for habit measurement; yet human studies have produced mixed evidence: many fail to show the overtraining effects on devaluation sensitivity expected from a robust habit index. An alternative measure involves remapping stimuli to new responses rather than devaluing outcomes. Crucially, this procedure limits preparation time to reveal habits that may otherwise be masked by goal-directed processes. Although promising, it remains unclear whether these tasks assess the same behavioural phenomenon. To address this, we compared Outcome Devaluation and Response Remapping under matched preparation-time constraints after 6 days of training. Response Remapping showed the expected pattern: expression of the pretrained (putatively \"habitual\") response was greatest at 200-500 ms and weakened as preparation time increased. In Outcome Devaluation, raw responses to devalued outcomes increased with preparation time, driven by a time-dependent withholding bias. Once controlled for, devalued responses decreased with preparation time. Crucially, this effect was larger in Remapping. Moreover, task comprehension problems may limit interpretation of the Devaluation task. These findings suggest that paradigms engage partially distinct processes-response inhibition versus automatic action selection-with one requiring inhibition of a learned response and the other relying on fast, automatic actions. Our findings reveal that behaviour on these tasks is sensitive to task structure, underscore the need to consider distinct cognitive and motivational factors driving action selection, and highlight that what researchers call \"habits\" is influenced by multiple processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2018-2034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reappraisal influences the organization of emotional episodes in memory.","authors":"Bailey Harris, Mason McClay, David Clewett","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01479-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01479-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in our environment help to segment continuous experience into distinct memories. For example, switching locations can cue this segmentation process and enhance long-term memory. Experiencing a wave of negative emotion can also separate memories of adjacent events, but it remains unclear whether this effect is similarly adaptive. Here, we tested whether downregulating emotional responses alters the impact of negative emotion on memory organization and whether emotion-driven segmentation is related to mental health. Participants viewed sequences of neutral objects interspersed with a single negative image and were cued to either reappraise their emotional responses or passively experience them. As expected, viewing negative images elicited segmentation, characterized by changes in temporal memory. Contrary to our hypothesis, reappraisal led to memory segmentation but in a different way: greater reductions in negative affect were associated with stronger memory separation. Across individuals, mood predicted which segmentation style prevailed, with less positive moods favoring emotion-driven memory separation. Pupillometry further revealed two distinct features of pupil dilation to negative images: one associated with passive exposure and the other with cognitive reappraisal. This latter cognitive component peaked rapidly after the negative image, suggesting that participants engaged regulatory strategies to structure their memories. Finally, individuals who showed a stronger tendency to segment memories under intense emotion also exhibited higher pupil-linked emotional arousal and reported more symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. These findings suggest that emotional memories can be segmented by competing cognitive and affective pathways, with a bias toward emotion-driven segmentation linked to poorer mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"2057-2077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding representations of personally familiar others in the default mode network.","authors":"Taylor D Guthrie, Aussie D Frost, Robert S Chavez","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01495-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01495-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain's ability to form and maintain rich internal representations of personally familiar others, even in the absence of direct sensory input, is a prominent feature of social cognition. We tested whether the identity of familiar individuals can be decoded from neural activity patterns elicited during internally generated reflection. Using a round-robin fMRI design (N = 113; 20 groups of 5-6 participants), subjects completed a trait-judgment task requiring yes/no decisions about whether adjectives described themselves or specific members of their social group. Multivariate searchlight classification revealed significant above-chance decoding of target identity throughout the default mode network. This decoding was observed in the absence of faces or voices, suggesting that the discriminative signal reflects abstract person knowledge rather than perceptual identity cues. Decoding performance was robust across endorsement conditions, with similar results observed for trials involving endorsed and nonendorsed traits. Together, these findings indicate that the default mode network supports stable, internally generated representations of personally familiar others that remain detectable independent of trait endorsement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Evaluating the neural dynamics of affective and cognitive empathy: Insights from a within-subjects experimental design and mass univariate analysis.","authors":"Seth B Winward, Roxane J Itier","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01498-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01498-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-error slowing is modulated by emotional words.","authors":"Felix Cramer, David Dignath","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01493-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01493-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few things are as instantly frustrating as realizing one made a mistake. Yet, it may be precisely this uncomfortable feeling what pushes us to pay attention, adjust, and do better next time. Affective theories of control argue that the negative or arousing quality of errors serves as feedback signal to respond with more caution. To directly test this idea, we combined a temporal flanker task-a paradigm well established for eliciting response conflict and error-related adjustments-with emotional words that systematically varied in affective context. We found that both arousal (emotional versus neutral) and valence (negative versus positive) of the emotional words modulate behavior following errors, consistent across a pre-registered experiment (N = 60) and a mega-analysis pooling this dataset with data from five other experiments employing a similar design (N = 352). Specifically, results showed increased post-error slowing following negative relative to positive words, supporting the idea that negative affect amplifies the aversive signal of errors. Results also indicated greater post-error slowing following high compared to low arousing words. However, this effect was restricted to negative relative to neutral words and declined with time on task. Overall, the findings provide evidence for a functional integration of emotions and control, and we discuss potential mechanisms that may account for this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves implicit mentalizing sequence learning: A double-blind sham-controlled study.","authors":"Min Qiu, Qianying Ma, Mahyar Firouzi, Natacha Deroost, Kris Baetens, Frank Van Overwalle","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01492-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01492-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of studies have revealed that the posterior cerebellum plays a vital role in mentalizing by identifying and learning social action sequences that render social interaction more fluent, coordinated, and predictable. An implicit social sequencing task, the Belief serial response time (SRT) task, was administered during and 30 min after targeting the cerebellum with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; 2 mA for 20 min, electrode 2 cm below the inion). In a previous study, this setup did not show significant improvement in response times. We reasoned that the familiar and overlearned nature of attributing social beliefs resulted in a ceiling effect and thus left very little margin for improvement on the task. The current study developed a more difficult version of the Belief SRT task. Using a double-blind sham-controlled protocol, 60 participants received either anodal tDCS or sham tDCS using the same stimulation protocol. Results showed that participants receiving anodal tDCS responded faster when the sequence of actions was repeated as opposed to totally randomized compared with participants who received sham tDCS. These findings suggest a positive effect of anodal cerebellar tDCS on implicit mentalizing sequence learning, supporting a causal role of the cerebellum in this learning process. This holds promise for treating clinical populations with limited social and sequencing capacities (e.g., autism) with anodal tDCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who is to blame? Outcome controllability and error attribution differentially shape cognitive preparation and feedback evaluation.","authors":"Luisa A Grote, Daniel Schneider, Edmund Wascher, Stefan Arnau","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01494-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01494-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sense of agency (SoA), the experience of controlling one's actions and their consequences, is crucial for self-representation and adaptive goal-directed behavior. Much of today's cognitive work is performed through interaction with systems that are not entirely reliable or are prone to operator error. Against this background, it is of particular interest to understand how perceived outcome-controllability and attribution of action-outcome disruptions feed back into cognitive processing as states of perceived agency. In this EEG study, we manipulated performance feedback in a color-discrimination task to dissociate self-attributed from system-attributed errors. Thirty-five participants completed blocks with veridical feedback, feedback suggesting increased error rates due to impaired personal performance, and feedback indicating malfunctioning response buttons. Behavioral performance was decomposed using the EZ-diffusion model, and time-frequency analyses focused on preparatory alpha and beta oscillations and feedback-locked theta activity. Both manipulated feedback conditions led to slower responses compared to veridical feedback. Diffusion modeling revealed that general performance slowing was driven by reduced drift rates, whereas differences between self- and system-attributed errors were reflected in nondecision time. In the EEG, manipulated feedback attenuated cue-related decreases in occipital alpha and sensorimotor beta power during the cue-target interval. In addition, system- versus self-attributed errors elicited stronger feedback-related midfrontal theta responses. Our findings suggest a functional dissociation within the agency inference process, where perceived controllability regulates preparatory investment of cognitive resources on a global level, while the attribution of action-outcome discrepancies seem to modulate evaluative processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}