Colombia Medica最新文献

{"title":"Recordando al doctor Alberto Pradilla Ferreira","authors":"M. D. Onís, B. Gracia","doi":"10.25100/CM.V43I1.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V43I1.1067","url":null,"abstract":"Brillante, sencillo, reservado, amigo solidario, colega entusiasta, trabajador incansable, maestro. Adjetivos que abrigan el recuerdo de quien dejo un legado importante para la salud publica, la pediatria y la docencia en salud publica, centrado principalmente en la nutricion. Medico y Cirujano de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (1956), el doctor Alberto Pradilla fue uno de los pocos medicos colombianos que ademas de su especialidad medica como pediatra, se formo en el area de nutricion. Se vincula con la Universidad del Valle como profesor en 1964, en el Departamento de Pediatria, del cual tambien fue jefe. Junto con su labor docente, lidero una gran epoca de investigacion en nutricion en la Facultad de Salud, desarrollada desde la Unidad Metabolica en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, unidad a la cual se vincularon profesores y residentes de medicina interna y de pediatria en los que creo y estimulo el interes por los problemas nutricionales predominantes en el pais y el mundo. Trabajo en el Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama (INCAP) en Guatemala y luego en la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Bangladesh, y finalmente en Ginebra como Director de la Unidad de Nutricion, donde se pensiono. Regreso a Cali a continuar el trabajo iniciado anos atras. Entre sus valiosos aportes a la salud de los ninos del mundo, cabe destacar que en la OMS lidero equipos de trabajo que realizaron el Estudio Multicentrico sobre el Patron de Crecimiento de la OMS, cuyos datos recolectados se utilizaron para construir los estandares internacionales de crecimiento infantil para ninos de hasta cinco anos, que han sido adoptados por mas de 125 paises. Asimismo fueron significativos sus aportes a ministerios de salud en mundo, para el fortalecimiento del componente nutricional en sus planes nacionales. A su regreso a Cali se vinculo nuevamente con la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad del Valle como profesor e investigador en la Escuela de Salud Publica; participo activamente en la reforma curricular que se llevaba a cabo en la Facultad. Planteo un modelo para la ensenanza de la nutricion en la Escuela de Medicina, que fue adoptado y hace parte del curriculo actual, modelo premiado en el Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion (SLAN). Dedico su saber y entusiasmo al Grupo de Nutricion de la Facultad de Salud, al que le dio una nueva orientacion incluyendo el componente de nutricion basica, interesando a profesores de esta area que se vincularon grupo. Contribuyo durante los ultimos diez anos al desarrollo de la investigacion en nutricion, consiguiendo que el Grupo ocupara la mas alta clasificacion entre los mejores grupos de la Universidad del Valle. Supo adelantarse a los problemas a los cuales el pais tendria que enfrentarse como nacion en transicion. A finales de la decada de 1990 oriento las investigaciones hacia las enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles, identificando en la poblacion escolar y adolescente de Cali, factores d","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"1 1","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76190683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un reto para Colombia: mejorar la utilización de medicamentos probadamente beneficiosos en la prevención secundaria cardiovascular","authors":"P. López-Jaramillo, P. Camacho","doi":"10.25100/CM.V43I1.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V43I1.1053","url":null,"abstract":"Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) causan 30% del total de las muertes en todo el mundo; de estas 80% sucede en los paises en via de desarrollo.  El 1% de las personas en el mundo presenta un evento coronario agudo o cerebrovascular por ano y la mitad de estos eventos se produce en individuos con enfermedad vascular preexistente. Los paises de bajos y medianos ingresos presentan un incremento en la carga de las ECV y la mayoria no tiene programas concretos y bien definidos  para su prevencion. Se ha estimado que para el ano 2020, habra un aumento  entre 120% y 137%  en la incidencia de enfermedad coronaria en las mujeres y los hombres respectivamente, en los paises en desarrollo. Este fenomeno se explica, entre otras razones, por la denominada transicion epidemiologica, que se asocia con  un notable aumento en la prevalencia de facto-res de riesgo como la obesidad, la hipertension arterial, el tabaquismo, el consumo exagerado de alcohol, los cambios en los habitos nutricionales y el sedentarismo. Estos  factores  estan relacionados con la rapida urbanizacion que han sufrido los paises de bajos y medianos ingresos.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84728959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of the programs for detection of hearing loss in children younger than six months in Cali","authors":"L. Gonzalez, J. Soto, M. Inés Torres","doi":"10.25100/CM.V43I1.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V43I1.1061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Data is scarce in Colombia when dealing with the current circumstances of programs for detecting hearing loss in children younger than six months and, therefore, statistical data is limited on congenital or earlyacquired deafness. Studies have been conducted in the country on detection and prevention of hearing problems in the healthcare institutions in Antioquia, Quindío, Cauca, Valle, and Risaralda. All these studies were carried out between 1993 and 1995 and included children older than one year of age, which shows evidence of the lack of knowledge about the importance of early detection in the hearing-communicative health of children.\u0000\u0000Objective: To identify the current procedures and protocols to detect hearing loss in children younger than six months in Cali through a descriptive research in different healthcare institutions of the city.\u0000\u0000Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with a population of 722 private, public and/or mixed Health Service Providing Institutions from the city of Cali, registered in the database of the Department of Health of Valle del Cauca, Colombia in February 2007. A list was filled out to determine which of these institutions had services like delivery room and/or growth-development programs and/or audiology services and it was found that these aspects were met in 151 institutions that constituted the research sample. Thereafter, a survey was applied in these institutions to identify the procedures utilized for hearing loss detection, the health professionals that carry this out, and the follow up and the speech-language treatment performed to the children detected.\u0000\u0000Results: 95% of the healthcare institutions surveyed (144 institutions) do not perform procedures to detect hearing loss in children younger than six months. Only six of the private-sector institutions in Cali performed such procedures. The procedures used by these six institutions are all performed with equipment and protocols for objective tests.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: No public entity in the city of Cali has programs for early detection of hearing loss. It is necessary to implement strategies to train institutions, and associations of government institutions involved in healthcare, so that they can apply programs of universal hearing screening for neonates, while they disseminate such programs at regional and national levels.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"3 1","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular half-full mechanisms by phagocityc cells on invasive Aspergilosis","authors":"K. Dzul-Rosado, Viridiana Martínez-Campos, G. Peniche-Lara, J. Zavala-Castro","doi":"10.25100/CM.V43I1.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V43I1.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Fungus from the Aspergillus genus mainly affects lung tissue, occurring when the integrity of the host immune system is compromised. The human body uses immunocompetence conditions from mechanical and enzymatic defenses and the action of the innate immune system cells and also uses adaptive responses to control infection. Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are critical as antifungal effector cells possess surface receptors that recognize fungal structures and trigger specific responses. TLRs and Dectin-1 the most studied for this interaction. TLRs are responsible for the production and release of cytokines and Dectin-1 is essential in the phagocytosis of the particle recognition and production of ROS. The best-studied cytokines and its crucial role in the response to Aspergillus spp. are TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12. In this work, we reviewed the main mechanisms related to molecular receptors on phagocytic cells involved in the recognition of Aspergillus spp. Understanding the immune response in situations of  immunocompetence and its comparison in immunodeficient organisms could provide alternatives to control invasive aspergillosis.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"31 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74731106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated to risk of malnutrition amongst elderly women in low-income communities.","authors":"J. S. Virtuoso-Júnior, Sheilla Tribess, V. Romo-Pérez, Ricardo Oliveira-Guerra","doi":"10.25100/CM.V43I1.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V43I1.1059","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con el riesgo de desnutricion en mujeres mayores. Metodos: Diseno transversal, con una muestra de 222 mujeres con edades entre 60 y 96 anos. Una entrevista que se llevo a cabo contiene las variables sociodemograficas, condiciones clinicas y aspectos conductuales. El analisis estadistico se realizo con el calculo de razon de prevalencia (RP) correspondiente en la regresion Poisson, p Resultados: La prevalencia de 33.8% (n=75) de las mujeres, se considerada con un riesgo de malnutricion o desnutricion. A partir del analisis multivariado jerarquica, se identifico una asociacion significativa con el grupo de edad entre 70 y 79 anos (RP=2,1; IC 95%: 1.3-6.7), bajo nivel educativo (RP=3.1; IC 95%: 1.0-11.6), que viven con otras personas (RP =2.0; IC 95%: 1.0-4.6), la presencia de sintomatologia depresiva (RP=2.1; IC 95%: 1.0-7.1), la ausencia de la administracion de medicamentos (RP=3.0; IC 95%: 1.1-7.6), despues de haber tenido algunas privaciones de alimentos a lo largo de su vida (RP=3.1; IC 95%: 1.3-9.6) y con menos del 75% del tiempo de actividad fisica en su tiempo libre (RP=2.0; IC 95%: 1.0-4.7). Conclusion: Existe un alto porcentaje de mujeres mayores en situacion de riesgo de desnutricion y los factores asociados con la condicion sugieren una compleja red causal en la determinacion del estado nutricional.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"30 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82664704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidiosis in Colombian children with HIV/AIDS infection","authors":"C. Velasco, F. Méndez, Pio López","doi":"10.25100/CM.V42I4.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V42I4.942","url":null,"abstract":"Introduccion: La criptosporidiosis enterica en ninos infectados por VIH es una causa importante de enfermedad y muerte. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en heces por medio de la tecnica de Ziehl Neelsen modificada, en ninos colombianos con infeccion por VIH/SIDA y establecer posibles asociaciones. Metodologia: Estudio de prevalencia en 131 ninos con infeccion por VIH/SIDA. Fueron consideradas variables clinicas, paraclinicas, ambientales y sociodemograficas. El analisis estadistico incluyo estimacion de la prevalencia de infeccion en los ninos y su correspondiente intervalo de confianza al 95%, la estimacion de otras medidas descriptivas de interes y el analisis de asociacion por regresion logistica multiple. Resultados: En esta poblacion de ninos con una edad promedio de 57 meses se encontro una prevalencia de 29% de infeccion, predominio del sexo masculino y el modo de transmision vertical en VIH. La infeccion se asocio ademas con dolor abdominal, tenencia de animales en el intradomicilio y a estadio C para VIH, con >100.000 copias/ml de carga viral y porcentaje de CD4 >25%. En el analisis de asociacion se encontro mayor oportunidad de infeccion por Cryptosporidium a mayor edad, en los pacientes de fuera de Cali, con mayor severidad del estadio para VIH, con hospitalizaciones previas, y con mucosa oral seca. Los factores finalmente asociados fueron la mayor edad, la DNT cronica, la convivencia en guarderias y las hospitalizaciones previas. Conclusion: Casi una tercera parte de los pacientes presentaron infeccion y esta se encontro asociada con la edad del nino, con hospitalizaciones previas, con convivencia en guarderias y DNT cronica.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"18 1","pages":"418-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents","authors":"A. C. Mafla, Edwin G. Luna, Nubia Rocío Sánchez, David Alexander Barrera, Ginna Mabel Muñoz","doi":"10.25100/CM.V42I4.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V42I4.949","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Investigar la relacion entre estetica dental y autoestima en adolescentes. Metodos: La muestra de 387 adolescentes entre 13 y 16 anos seleccionados aleatoriamente de los colegios de educacion secundaria. Se realizo un examen clinico para evaluar la estetica dental a traves del Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). La autoestima se valoro usando la Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. El analisis estadistico incluyo medidas descriptivas y una comparacion de medias realizadas a traves de las pruebas t-Student y ANOVA. El DAI se correlaciono con la Rosenberg Selfesteem Scale por medio del coeficiente de correlacion de Spearman. Los datos recolectados se analizaron en el programa SPSS version 17. Resultados: La media de DAI fue 34.2 (DE=14.2) y de autoestima de 22.6 (DE=4.6). El grupo de estrato socio-economico (SES) bajo tuvo los niveles mas altos de DAI y los mas bajos de autoestima. Una pequena pero significativa correlacion negativa se encontro entre los niveles del DAI y la Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale (r=-0.1; p 0.05). En relacion con genero, en mujeres se encontro una pequena correlacion negativa (r=-0.14; p 0.05). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos por esta investigacion pueden mejorar el entendimiento de como la correlacion de estetica dental y autoestima podria fluctuar debido a la variabilidad del SES","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"46 1","pages":"482-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85005600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis in childhood: related factors and prevention","authors":"E. Jiménez, J. Á. Ferre","doi":"10.25100/cm.v42i1.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v42i1.758","url":null,"abstract":"La osteoporosis se define como una reduccion de la masa osea. Diversos estudios en ninos han demostrado que el desarrollo de osteoporosis en la etapa adulta puede verse condicionado por el estado nutricional durante la infancia, sobre todo en lo referente a los aportes de calcio y vitamina D. No obstante, en la actualidad existen numerosos interrogantes en lo referente a los procesos fisiologicos implicados en su desarrollo precoz en el nino. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar los principales factores implicados en el desarrollo de la osteoporosis y su prevencion en la etapa infantil. Para ello, se realizo una revision sistematica que incluye un total de 46 articulos publicados en los ultimos trece anos en Medline. Los estudios analizados coinciden porque consideran que la osteoporosis en el nino representa una manifestacion o, mejor, la consecuencia de una situacion patologica de base, que condiciona su aparicion y desarrollo. Su prevencion debe ser considerada en un marco mas amplio de estrategias de prevencion","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"20 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real time PCR. Application in dengue studies","authors":"J. Prada-Arismendy, J. Castellanos","doi":"10.25100/CM.V42I2.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V42I2.778","url":null,"abstract":"PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a routinely used tool in every diagnostic and research laboratory. This technique has been used in detection of mutations and pathogens, forensic investigation, and even is the base tool for human genome sequencing. A modification of PCR technique, real time PCR, allows the quantification of nucleic acids with higher sensibility, specificity and reproducibility. This article is intended to clarify the foundations of real-time PCR, using an application model for virology. In the actual work, it was quantified the viral load of dengue virus serotype 2 produced from infected murine macrophages; the obtained results in this work established that murine strain BALB/c presents a greater susceptibility to dengue virus infection, which establishes BALB/c murine strain as a best model of study for investigation of dengue virus infection physiopathology.","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"37 1","pages":"243-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74853890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consejería estudiantil con estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad del Valle: búsqueda, encuentro, permanente desafío","authors":"Delia Burgos, A. Escobar, M. González","doi":"10.25100/CM.V42I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25100/CM.V42I2","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Introduction: The issue of student counseling, as all the issues involved in a comprehensive higher education perspective, includes irresolvable tensions which are always enlightening in discovering the answer to the question: what kind of human beings are formed in the university and what kind of society is going to be built with them? The search for the answer to this question has meaning and matters to all instances and participants in the educational community. Student counseling, comprehensive education, and human care: The practice of Student Counseling includes opportunities for personal and professional growth, along with social projection of students and faculty. For the institution and its academic programs, it constitutes a field for the concrete appplication of the principles and goals of what «ought to be» according to the institutional mission at both levels. In caring for the «other», it is essential to know who that other is. Student Counseling in the School of Nursing at Universidad del Valle has been based on this premise. Its practice has demanded and enhanced knowing the students, their original contexts, expectations, concerns, and difficulties plus their","PeriodicalId":50667,"journal":{"name":"Colombia Medica","volume":"123 1","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89265997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}