eneuro最新文献

{"title":"Electrophysiological properties of the medial mammillary bodies across the sleep-wake cycle.","authors":"C. M. Dillingham, Jonathan J. Wilson, S. Vann","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0447-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0447-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"The medial mammillary bodies (MB) play an important role in the formation of spatial memories; their dense inputs from hippocampal and brainstem regions makes them well-placed to integrate movement-related and spatial information, that is then extended to the anterior thalamic nuclei and beyond to cortex. While the anatomical connectivity of the medial MBs has been well-studied, much less is known about their physiological properties, particularly in freely-moving animals. We therefore carried out a comprehensive characterization of medial MB electrophysiology across arousal states by concurrently recording from the medial MB and the CA1 field of the hippocampus in male rats. In agreement with previous studies, we found medial MB neurons to have firing rates modulated by running speed and angular head velocity, as well as theta-entrained firing. We extended the characterization of MB neuron electrophysiology in three key ways: 1) we identified a subset of neurons (25%) that exhibit dominant bursting activity; 2) we showed that ∼30% of theta-entrained neurons exhibit robust theta cycle skipping, a firing characteristic that implicates them in a network for prospective coding of position; 3) a considerable proportion of medial MB units showed sharp wave-ripple (SWR) responsive firing (∼37%). The functional heterogeneity of MB electrophysiology reinforces their role as an integrative node for mnemonic processing and identifies potential roles for the MBs in memory consolidation through propagation of SWR-responsive activity to the anterior thalamus and prospective coding in the form of theta-cycle skipping.Significance Statement While the medial mammillary bodies (MBs) are important for memory, it is still not clear how they support memory formation. Through conjoint medial MB and hippocampal recordings across different arousal states we identified a population of medial MB units with diverse and often conjunctive physiological properties, including theta-entrained cells, cells modulated by running speed and angular head velocity, complex bursting, theta cycle skipping activity, and hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-responsive firing. These properties likely support a role for the medial MBs in mnemonic processing, enabling the integration of separate sensory streams and the propagation of information to the thalamus.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"274 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theta phase-entrainment of single cell spiking in rat somatosensory barrel cortex and secondary visual cortex is enhanced during multisensory discrimination behavior.","authors":"T. Ruikes, J. Fiorilli, Judith Lim, G. Huis in ‘t Veld, C. Bosman, C. Pennartz","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0180-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0180-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-entrainment of cells by theta oscillations is thought to globally coordinate the activity of cell assemblies across different structures, such as the hippocampus and neocortex. This coordination is likely required for optimal processing of sensory input during recognition and decision-making processes. In quadruple-area ensemble recordings from male rats engaged in a multisensory discrimination task, we investigated phase-entrainment of cells by theta oscillations in areas along the cortico-hippocampal hierarchy: somatosensory barrel (S1BF), secondary visual cortex (V2L), perirhinal cortex (PER) and dorsal hippocampus (dHC). Rats discriminated between two 3D objects presented in tactile-only, visual-only or both tactile and visual modalities. During task engagement, S1BF, V2L, PER and dHC LFP signals showed coherent theta-band activity. We found phase-entrainment of single-cell spiking activity to locally recorded as well as hippocampal theta activity in S1BF, V2L, PER and dHC. While phase-entrainment of hippocampal spikes to local theta oscillations occurred during sustained epochs of task trials and was nonselective for behavior and modality, somatosensory and visual cortical cells were only phase-entrained during stimulus presentation and mainly in their preferred modality (S1BF - tactile, V2L - visual). This effect could not be explained by modulations of firing rate or theta amplitude. Groups of cells in S1BF and V2L were phase-entrained in a cross-modal fashion (S1BF spikes to V2L LFP; V2L spikes to S1BF LFP). Whereas hippocampal cells are thus theta phase-entrained during prolonged task periods, sensory and perirhinal neurons are selectively entrained during a stimulus-locked period, providing a brief time window for coordination of activity.Significance Statement Neural activity during theta oscillations (6-12 Hz) has long been considered a mechanism for inter-areal communication, but its temporal dynamics in relation to sensory and mnemonic processing are still poorly understood. We report how sensory neocortical and hippocampal areas temporally coordinate their activity with local field potential activity in the theta-band during a behavioral task involving multisensory object discrimination and recognition. Theta phase entrainment in sensory cortical areas selectively occurred during behavioral task epochs where object information was presented in the preferred stimulus modality of a given area. This entrainment was largely independent of firing rate. These findings support the framework of theta-band synchrony as a mechanism for facilitating cortical-hippocampal communication during sensory and mnemonic processing.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"314 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preconditioning-induced facilitation of lactate release from astrocytes is essential for brain ischemic tolerance.","authors":"Yuri Hirayama, H. P. N. Le, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Itsuko Ishii, Schuichi Koizumi, Naohiko Anzai","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0494-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0494-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"A sub-lethal ischemic episode (termed preconditioning [PC]) protects neurons in the brain against a subsequent severe ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as brain ischemic tolerance, and has received much attention from researchers because of its robust neuroprotective effects. We have previously reported that PC activates astrocytes and subsequently upregulates P2X7 receptors, thereby leading to ischemic tolerance. However, the downstream signals of P2X7 receptors that are responsible for PC-induced ischemic tolerance remain unknown. Here, we show that PC-induced P2X7 receptor-mediated lactate release from astrocytes has an indispensable role in this event. Using a transient focal cerebral ischemia model caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, extracellular lactate levels during severe ischemia were significantly increased in mice who experienced PC; this increase was dependent on P2X7 receptors. In addition, the intracerebroventricular injection of lactate protected against cerebral ischemic injury. In in vitro experiments, although stimulation of astrocytes with the P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP had no effect on the protein levels of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 (which are responsible for lactate release from astrocytes), BzATP induced the plasma membrane translocation of these MCTs via their chaperone CD147. Importantly, CD147 was increased in activated astrocytes after PC, and CD147-blocking antibody abolished the PC-induced facilitation of astrocytic lactate release and ischemic tolerance. Taken together, our findings suggest that astrocytes induce ischemic tolerance via P2X7 receptor-mediated lactate release.Significance Statement Brain ischemic tolerance refers to an endogenous neuroprotective phenomenon whereby a non-lethal ischemic episode, termed preconditioning (PC), induces resistance to a subsequent severe ischemic injury. This phenomenon has received much attention because of its robust neuroprotective effects. We have previously reported that the PC-evoked activation of astrocytes leads to ischemic tolerance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that PC induces the membrane translocation of lactate transporters in activated astrocytes, thereby promoting lactate release from astrocytes during severe ischemia; this effect likely plays a role in ischemic tolerance. These findings may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of the Nucleus Accumbens Increases Dyadic Social Interaction in Macaques","authors":"Hannah F. Waguespack, Jessica T. Jacobs, Janis Park, Carolina Campos-Rodríguez, R. Maior, P. Forcelli, L. Malkova","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0085-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0085-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the brain circuitry that mediates motivated behavior, including reward processing. Since the rewarding properties of social stimuli have a vital role in guiding behavior (both in humans and nonhuman animals), the NAc is likely to contribute to the brain circuitry controlling social behavior. In rodents, prior studies have found that focal pharmacological inhibition of NAc and/or elevation of dopamine in NAc increases social interactions. However, the role of the NAc in social behavior in nonhuman primates remains unknown. We measured the social behavior of eight dyads of male macaques following (1) pharmacological inhibition of the NAc using the GABAA agonist muscimol and (2) focal application of quinpirole, an agonist at the D2 family of dopamine receptors. Transient inhibition of the NAc with muscimol increased social behavior when drug was infused in submissive, but not dominant partners of the dyad. Focal application of quinpirole was without effect on social behavior when infused into the NAc of either dominant or submissive subjects. Our data demonstrate that the NAc contributes to social interactions in nonhuman primates.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"371 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Effects of Monetary Loss and Positive Emotion in the Human Brain","authors":"Sagarika Jaiswal, Lakshman N. C. Chakravarthula, Srikanth Padmala","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0374-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0374-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"In many real-life scenarios, our decisions could lead to multiple outcomes that conflict with value. Hence, an appropriate neural representation of the net experienced value of conflicting outcomes, which play a crucial role in guiding future decisions, is critical for adaptive behavior. As some recent functional neuroimaging work has primarily focused on the concurrent processing of monetary gains and aversive information, very little is known regarding the integration of conflicting value signals involving monetary losses and appetitive information in the human brain. To address this critical gap, we conducted a functional MRI study involving healthy human male participants to examine the nature of integrating positive emotion and monetary losses. We employed a novel experimental design where the valence (positive or neutral) of an emotional stimulus indicated the type of outcome (loss or no loss) in a choice task. Specifically, we probed two plausible integration patterns while processing conflicting value signals involving positive emotion and monetary losses: interactive versus additive. We found overlapping main effects of positive (vs neutral) emotion and loss (vs no loss) in multiple brain regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and amygdala, notably with a lack of evidence for interaction. Thus, our findings revealed the additive integration pattern of monetary loss and positive emotion outcomes, suggesting that the experienced value of the monetary loss was not modulated by the valence of the image signaling those outcomes. These findings contribute to our limited understanding of the nature of integrating conflicting outcomes in the healthy human brain with potential clinical relevance.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"234 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiscale Closed-Loop Neurotoxicity Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Explains Functional Connectivity Alterations","authors":"Jesús Cabrera-Álvarez, L. Stefanovski, Leon Martin, G. Susi, F. Maestú, P. Ritter","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0345-23.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0345-23.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated-tau (hp-tau) are two classical histopathological biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, their detailed interactions with the electrophysiological changes at the meso- and macroscale are not yet fully understood. We developed a mechanistic multiscale model of AD progression, linking proteinopathy to its effects on neural activity and vice-versa. We integrated a heterodimer model of prion-like protein propagation and a brain network model of Jansen–Rit neural masses derived from human neuroimaging data whose parameters varied due to neurotoxicity. Results showed that changes in inhibition guided the electrophysiological alterations found in AD, and these changes were mainly attributed to Aβ effects. Additionally, we found a causal disconnection between cellular hyperactivity and interregional hypersynchrony contrary to previous beliefs. Finally, we demonstrated that early Aβ and hp-tau depositions’ location determine the spatiotemporal profile of the proteinopathy. The presented model combines the molecular effects of both Aβ and hp-tau together with a mechanistic protein propagation model and network effects within a closed-loop model. This holds the potential to enlighten the interplay between AD mechanisms on various scales, aiming to develop and test novel hypotheses on the contribution of different AD-related variables to the disease evolution.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"62 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Seizure Clusters and Epileptiform Activity Following Widespread Bilateral Hippocampal Interneuron Ablation","authors":"M. Dusing, Candi L. LaSarge, Austin W. Drake, Grace C. Westerkamp, Carlie McCoy, S. Hetzer, Kimberly L Kraus, Ernest V. Pedapati, S. Danzer","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0317-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0317-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Interneuron loss is a prominent feature of temporal lobe epilepsy in both animals and humans and is hypothesized to be critical for epileptogenesis. As loss occurs concurrently with numerous other potentially proepileptogenic changes, however, the impact of interneuron loss in isolation remains unclear. For the present study, we developed an intersectional genetic approach to induce bilateral diphtheria toxin-mediated deletion of Vgat-expressing interneurons from dorsal and ventral hippocampus. In a separate group of mice, the same population was targeted for transient neuronal silencing with DREADDs. Interneuron ablation produced dramatic seizure clusters and persistent epileptiform activity. Surprisingly, after 1 week seizure activity declined precipitously and persistent epileptiform activity disappeared. Occasional seizures (≈1/day) persisted to the end of the experiment at 4 weeks. In contrast to the dramatic impact of interneuron ablation, transient silencing produced large numbers of interictal spikes, a significant but modest increase in seizure occurrence and changes in EEG frequency band power. Taken together, findings suggest that the hippocampus regains relative homeostasis—with occasional breakthrough seizures—in the face of an extensive and abrupt loss of interneurons.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"435 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Discounting Behavior and Brain Responses for Food and Money Reward","authors":"M. Markman, E. Saruco, S. Al-Bas, B. A. Wang, J. Rose, K. Ohla, S. Xue, Li Lim, D. Schicker, J. Freiherr, M. Weygandt, Q. Rramani, B. Weber, J. Schultz, B. Pleger","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0153-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0153-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Most neuroeconomic research seeks to understand how value influences decision-making. The influence of reward type is less well understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate delay discounting of primary (i.e., food) and secondary rewards (i.e., money) in 28 healthy, normal-weighted participants (mean age = 26.77; 18 females). To decipher differences in discounting behavior between reward types, we compared how well-different option-based statistical models (exponential, hyperbolic discounting) and attribute-wise heuristic choice models (intertemporal choice heuristic, dual reasoning and implicit framework theory, trade-off model) captured the reward-specific discounting behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis of different strategies for different rewards, we observed comparable discounting behavior for money and food (i.e., exponential discounting). Higher k values for food discounting suggest that individuals decide more impulsive if confronted with food. The fMRI revealed that money discounting was associated with enhanced activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, involved in executive control; the right dorsal striatum, associated with reward processing; and the left hippocampus, involved in memory encoding/retrieval. Food discounting, instead, was associated with higher activity in the left temporoparietal junction suggesting social reinforcement of food decisions. Although our findings do not confirm our hypothesis of different discounting strategies for different reward types, they are in line with the notion that reward types have a significant influence on impulsivity with primary rewards leading to more impulsive choices.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"93 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Our Built-in Calculator: A Systematic Narrative Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Studies on Arithmetic Operation-Related Brain Areas","authors":"S. Fresnoza, Anja Ischebeck","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0318-23.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0318-23.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review presented a comprehensive survey of studies that applied transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation to parietal and nonparietal areas to examine the neural basis of symbolic arithmetic processing. All findings were compiled with regard to the three assumptions of the triple-code model (TCM) of number processing. Thirty-seven eligible manuscripts were identified for review (33 with healthy participants and 4 with patients). Their results are broadly consistent with the first assumption of the TCM that intraparietal sulcus both hold a magnitude code and engage in operations requiring numerical manipulations such as subtraction. However, largely heterogeneous results conflicted with the second assumption of the TCM that the left angular gyrus subserves arithmetic fact retrieval, such as the retrieval of rote-learned multiplication results. Support is also limited for the third assumption of the TCM, namely, that the posterior superior parietal lobule engages in spatial operations on the mental number line. Furthermore, results from the stimulation of brain areas outside of those postulated by the TCM show that the bilateral supramarginal gyrus is involved in online calculation and retrieval, the left temporal cortex in retrieval, and the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in online calculation of cognitively demanding arithmetic problems. The overall results indicate that multiple cortical areas subserve arithmetic skills.","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telling the Stories of Neuroscientific Discovery to Schoolchildren and the Public Can Make an Impact","authors":"John A Pollock","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0078-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0078-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscience research demands focused attention built upon a foundational knowledge that can encompass the full sweep of science and engineering including, among other disciplines, psychology, biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science. Neuroscience studies range from evolution of life-forms to new innovations in computational modeling. Neuroscientists can look at the population-level behavior, activity of the human brain","PeriodicalId":506486,"journal":{"name":"eneuro","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}