Control Engineering Practice最新文献

{"title":"Adaptive monitoring for multimode nonstationary processes using cointegration analysis and probabilistic slow feature analysis","authors":"Jingxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Xu ,&nbsp;Donghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Xia Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The condition monitoring of nonlinear, nonstationary and multimode processes is a difficult problem. Traditional multimode process monitoring methods generally assume that data from all potential modes are available, yet new modes may appear continuously in practice. This paper investigates an intelligent adaptive monitoring method for multimode nonstationary processes, which can deal with the appearance of new modes with ease. A comprehensive framework is proposed to decompose feature subspaces. First, long-term equilibrium features are extracted by adaptive cointegration analysis (ACA) to identify the mode, without using any prior mode information intelligently for online applications. Then, recursive attention probabilistic slow feature analysis integrated with elastic weight consolidation (RAttPSFA-EWC) is investigated to deal with the remaining dynamic information and extract dynamic and static slow features to maintain continual learning for multimodes. Once a new mode is detected automatically, the previously learned knowledge is consolidated while extracting new features, which is beneficial to enhancing the performance of similar modes. The proposed ACA-RAttPSFA-EWC acts as an online adaptive method by parameter updates with incoming normal data. Furthermore, several advanced methods are compared to demonstrate the strengths of ACA-RAttPSFA-EWC, and the proposed method is validated to be effective using a numerical case and a practical system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and validation of ADRC-based variable thrust control for a low-cost ethanol-oxygen rocket engine","authors":"Jingwei Xiong,&nbsp;Shang Liu,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A low-cost ethanol-oxygen rocket engine was developed for powered landing experiments in academic settings, utilizing 3D printing technology and off-the-shelf components, albeit with significant uncertainties and instabilities. To address these challenges, this study presents a continuous variable-thrust control strategy based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) theory, designed to regulate oxygen pressure. The oxygen pressure dynamics were modeled by analyzing the relationship between the valve opening angle and the ratio of the valve’s outlet to inlet pressure. Due to difficulties in deriving a precise physical model, the relative valve opening was introduced, enabling the use of a first-order transfer function for system representation. An ADRC controller was subsequently designed to modulate the valve opening angle to regulate the engine thrust. Modeling inaccuracies, time delays, and performance instabilities arising from low-cost components were mitigated using an Extended State Observer (ESO). To ensure safe and efficient parameter tuning, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based method was employed, avoiding the risks associated with online optimization during ignition. The controller’s effectiveness was verified through cold gas and ignition experiments, demonstrating its ability to accurately track target pressures and adjust thrust, thereby confirming its feasibility for variable-thrust control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomaly detection for drilling tools based on operating mode recognition and interval-augmented Mahalanobis distance","authors":"Wenkai Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Yupeng Li ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;R. Bhushan Gopaluni ,&nbsp;Weihua Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prompt and accurate anomaly detection of drilling tools is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of drilling processes. However, the operating mode of a drilling tool may often change, leading to difficulties in distinguishing the drilling anomalies from the normal mode switching. Further, the variations of drilling signals caused by such anomalies in drilling tools are usually slight, making it quite challenging to separate the abnormal part from the normal part in the time series, which would compromise the accuracy and promptness of anomaly detection. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new method for anomaly detection of drilling tools based on operating mode recognition and interval-augmented Mahalanobis distance. The main contributions are threefold: 1) A mode recognition method based on the Earth Mover’s distance (EMD) and K-means clustering is proposed to identify drilling operating modes. 2) An anomaly detection method based on the interval-augmented Mahalanobis distance (IAMD) is proposed to detect anomalies of drilling tools. 3) An alarm generation strategy based on the kernel density estimation and alarm deadband is designed to reduce the false alarm rate. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by industrial case studies involving a real drilling system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbance-exploitation based RMPC with application to multi-objective load frequency control in power systems","authors":"Yang Sun ,&nbsp;Wenchao Xue ,&nbsp;Jizhen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Qi ,&nbsp;Hui Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a robust dual-model predictive control strategy for enhancing load frequency control in networked power systems. By seamlessly integrating a disturbance observer with a nonlinear model predictive control framework, our approach offers two main advantages: incorporating disturbance estimation into the optimization process and separately addressing robustness and performance. A nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate drift from external power imbalances and unknown dynamics, updating the prediction model for accurate estimation. The dual-model nonlinear predictive control strategy is then introduced, ensuring input-to-state stability (ISS) to enhance frequency regulation and lower power generation costs. The performance of the proposed control method has been evaluated using the Speedgoat real-time simulator and compared with various control strategies under diverse scenarios. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides superior dynamic response and robust characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbation observer-based constrained fault tolerant control of flexible spacecraft using continuous predictive approach","authors":"Somayeh Jamshidi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Mirzaei ,&nbsp;Maria Khodaverdian ,&nbsp;Paolo Castaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new constrained attitude control scheme for flexible spacecraft in the presence of system perturbations, including parametric uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator faults. In the proposed scheme, a baseline controller with increased robustness is firstly designed using an integral feedback-based continuous prediction approach to control the healthy spacecraft. At the same time, an extended state observer estimates the system perturbation. If the estimated perturbation exceeds a statistically predetermined threshold for aerodynamic/gravitational disturbances and the spacecraft’s parametric uncertainties, it may indicate a potential fault in the system. Upon detecting a fault, the controller transitions to a fault-tolerant mode, where the estimated perturbation is utilized to compensate for the faults and disturbances. Constrained stability is analyzed for both controllers using Lyapunov method. Also, hardware-in the-loop simulations have been conducted using a Raspberry Pi to highlight the real-world applicability of the proposed structure. The results show that different fault scenarios for the three reaction wheels can be accurately detected and compensated for using the perturbation observer information, all within a simple structure. The comparative results with active and passive fault-tolerant controllers demonstrate the higher efficiency of the proposed control system. Additionally, an extensive statistical analysis is performed using Monte Carlo simulations to show the robustness and reliability of the proposed system under uncertain conditions for spacecraft and disturbance parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of PMSG-based WECS using robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control","authors":"Anto Anbarasu Yesudhas,&nbsp;Kumarasamy Palanimuthu,&nbsp;Seong Ryong Lee,&nbsp;Jae Hoon Jeong,&nbsp;Young Hoon Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to propose an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) method to address the critical issue of enhancing the power extraction of a large-scale permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) in the presence of unknown dynamics, uncertain perturbations and actuator faults. To do this, a modified dynamical model of the PMSG-based WECS is established to capture unsteady dynamics and uncertainties. Next, the novel robust sliding mode reaching law-based speed control is designed to achieve fast convergence and enhance output power by tracking the optimum rotation speed under various wind scenarios. At the same time, the adaptive fuzzy technique is designed to estimate and compensate for unstable dynamics and uncertainties in large-scale WECS, enabling efficient power extraction. Then, the proposed AFSMC stability conditions are derived using suitable Lyapunov functions. Finally, the superiority of the proposed AFSMC scheme is confirmed via simulation using 1.5 MW PMSG-based WECS under diverse wind patterns. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed scheme is validated through experimentation on a prototype of a 5 kW PMSG-based WECS considering actuator fault, unsteady dynamics, and diverse wind speed conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective Predictive Control for cascade canal system considering constraints and objectives related to gate regulation","authors":"Yueqiang Li ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingzhong Kong ,&nbsp;Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Zhuliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the complex constraints and multi-objective requirements faced in the operation process of the Cascade Canal System (CCS), and proposes the Multi-Objective Model Predictive Control (CCS-MOMPC) method that can simultaneously consider the gate control constraints and gate regulation frequency. The proposed method modifies the original predictive control objective function by incorporating a gate regulation penalty term, and directly constrains both the gate deadband and the gate regulation frequency. Furthermore, the multi-objective function is converted into a single-objective function using the weighted method, which is then solved employing the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed method is applied in the last eight canal pools of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (MRP-SNWD). The results show that under the experimental conditions, compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can reduce the maximum water level deviation at control point from 0.15 m to 0.10 m, and decrease the total gate control frequency by 37.1%. In the case of unknown secondary disturbance, the proposed method can reduce the final action time of the gate by 77.5%. The results of this paper show that the improved control method can significantly improve the water level control accuracy and reduce the frequency of gate regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized zero-shot fault diagnosis based on fault similarity for hydrometallurgical process","authors":"Siqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Fuli Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective fault diagnosis techniques are important to ensure the normal operation of hydrometallurgical process. Generalized zero-shot fault diagnosis (GZSFD) technology can effectively diagnosis both seen and unseen faults in actual production, so as to improve production efficiency and reduce losses. However, traditional GZSFD methods have the domain shift problem (DSP) and over-rely on deep knowledge to establish the relationship between semantics/attributes and faults. This deep knowledge is difficult to acquire without sufficient understanding of the production process. In this study, a GZSFD method based on fault similarity (GZSFDFS) for hydrometallurgical process is proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional GZSFD. The core of GZSFDFS method is to build a fault similarity matrix (FSM) between seen and unseen faults using the superficial knowledge of whether state and operational variables will change as a fault occurs. Firstly, in order to extract representative features from the original data, a proper supervised learning method is used to establish feature extraction model, and the extracted features are used to establish a recognition model. Next, the prediction results for the test samples with respect to each seen fault can be obtained by utilizing the fault recognition model, and the appropriate threshold is selected to distinguish the unseen faults from the seen faults. For the unseen faults, the predicted results for the test samples with respect to each unseen fault are constructed based on the FSM. Then, reasonable discriminant rules are designed to determine the fault classes of the test samples. Finally, based on numerical examples and hydrometallurgical processes, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal ageing control of diesel engine urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) based on adaptive time-step extended Kalman filter (ATS-EKF) and combination of open-loop feedforward and closed-loop feedback","authors":"Wenlong Liu,&nbsp;Ying Gao,&nbsp;Yuelin You,&nbsp;Changwen Jiang,&nbsp;Taoyi Hu,&nbsp;Bocong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gradual deactivation of SCR catalysts at high temperatures and under steam conditions leads to a reduction in their NOx reduction efficiency. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of hydrothermal aging on the SCR catalyst and ensure compliance with Euro VII diesel exhaust standards. Firstly, the concept of SCR hydrothermal aging and its corresponding model are constructed. The model is then transformed using the variable substitution method and Method of Lines, optimized by the Levenberg–Marquardt method, and solved with the backward differentiation formula method. Secondly, this paper designs the ATS-EKF hydrothermal aging factor observer, informed by the model’s solution characteristics, NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> concentration, NOx concentration, and ammonia coverage within the SCR catalyst. Based on the observer’s monitoring, open-loop feedforward and closed-loop feedback control methods are formulated. The closed-loop feedback utilizes the effective set algorithm to address the SCR hydrothermal aging system’s nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time-varying nature. Finally, the SCR model is validated through testing cycles at the WHTC. Validation results reveal a high calculation accuracy. Observations of the ATS-EKF hydrothermal aging factor, in conjunction with control of upstream NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> concentration, indicate mean downstream NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> concentrations of 8.6 ppm, 8.18 ppm, and 7.87 ppm and NOx concentrations of 11.03 ppm, 10.59 ppm, and 10.14 ppm for hydrothermal aging factors of 1, 0.8, and 0.6, respectively, all meeting the Euro VII emission standards. The methodology in this paper accurately responds to the hydrothermal ageing of the SCR catalyst and controls the NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and NOx concentrations using the ATS-EKF monitoring and control strategy to ensure Euro VII compliant emissions with greater accuracy and stability than existing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent operational control method integrating human expertise and real-time data for alumina digestion process","authors":"Liyi Yu ,&nbsp;Wen Yu ,&nbsp;Yao Jia ,&nbsp;Tianyou Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.106196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The caustic ratio in discharge is a crucial quality index for the alumina digestion process (ALDP), reflecting both production efficiency and product quality. However, the caustic ratio cannot be measured online. Traditional human-based operational control often leads to delayed and inaccurate decisions due to inherent time delays of the ALDP and the prolonged duration of offline assays. To address this issue, an intelligent operational control method is proposed, comprising a caustic ratio endpoint prediction model and a fuzzy operational controller. The bi-directional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) is employed within a dual-network paradigm to accurately predict the endpoint of the caustic ratio, adapting to time-varying operating conditions. A fuzzy system, informed by human expertise, is integrated with a closed-loop stable learning method to eliminate the impact of modeling errors on the stability of ALDP operation. The proposed method is capable of operating in both guidance and automated operational control modes. Industrial studies at a real-world alumina refinery in China demonstrated a significant improvement in the qualified rate of the caustic ratio compared to traditional manual operational control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50615,"journal":{"name":"Control Engineering Practice","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 106196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}