{"title":"Microformulations and Nanoformulations of Doxorubicin for Improvement of Its Therapeutic Efficiency.","authors":"Mehran Alavi, Ali Nokhodchi","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020034470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020034470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-selectivity and dose-dependent side effects of doxorubicin (DOX), particularly cardio-toxicology as well as multidrug resistance in various tumor cells, have increased the demand for novel formulations with suitable efficiency and safety. Microformulations and nanoformulations have been shown to have satisfactory responses compared with that of conventional formulations. In this review, recent advances alongside the advantages and disadvantages of microformulations and nanoformulations are discussed. Doxil and Caelyx (PEGylated forms) as well as Myocet (non-PEGylated form) are presented as approved liposomal forms by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to increase blood circulation half-life of DOX. Liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, lipid nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric NPs, polymersomes, metal/metal oxide NPs, mesoporous silica NPs, carbon-based NPs, and quantum dots are all major carriers for DOX and discussed accordingly. Considering all extracellular and intracellular conditions of cancer cells is an indispensable affair to obtain promising DOX carriers. Lack of a comprehensive related to drug-resistance cancer cells particularly in metastasis stages is an important hindrance to get acceptable results. Understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms in cancers cells particularly, in metastasis stages, is a critical factor to prepare efficient formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 6","pages":"591-611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Development of Oral Taxane Formulations: A Review.","authors":"Nusrat Chowdhury, Mandip Singh","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we describe the advances in oral drug delivery approaches for taxanes for successful therapeutic outcome. Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) have unwanted pharmacokinetic profiles when they are given in their current dosage forms. Taxanes have low bioavailability, are extensively metabolized by CYP3A, and have a high affinity for P-glycoprotein. Regardless of dosage schedule, the overall docetaxel or paclitaxel dose that a patient can tolerate at a given interval remains similar. Currently, there are no commercially available oral taxane nanoformulations, and there are still several challenges to overcome. Nano-based formulations may offer the best solutions to problems involving the safety and effectiveness of taxane delivery. Thus, further research is necessary before such taxane nanoformulations can be manufactured for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 3","pages":"205-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38224920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivsharan B Dhadde, Jagadevappa S Patil, Baburao N Chandakavathe, B S Thippeswamy, Mahantesh G Kavatekar
{"title":"Relevance of Nanotechnology in Solving Oral Drug Delivery Challenges: A Perspective Review.","authors":"Shivsharan B Dhadde, Jagadevappa S Patil, Baburao N Chandakavathe, B S Thippeswamy, Mahantesh G Kavatekar","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology is opening up new opportunities in drug delivery, including oral delivery, and it may reduce toxicity and increase drug ability. Presently, researchers are expanding their knowledge in the development of oral nanomedicine to extend the scope of oral drug delivery and exhibit excellent platforms for drug transportation, target, and controlled release. The present review is an attempt to define updated oral nanostructured systems for the delivery of a wide range of drugs. The review also focuses on the use of different polymeric and other materials, technologies adopted, and benefits/drawbacks of delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 5","pages":"407-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38773632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhupinder Singh, Teenu Sharma, Sumant Saini, Ranjot Kaur, Atul Jain, Kaisar Raza, Sarwar Beg
{"title":"Systematic Development of Drug Nanocargos Using Formulation by Design (FbD): An Updated Overview.","authors":"Bhupinder Singh, Teenu Sharma, Sumant Saini, Ranjot Kaur, Atul Jain, Kaisar Raza, Sarwar Beg","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanostructured drug delivery formulations have lately gained enormous attention, contributing to their systematic development. Issuance of quality by design (QbD) guidelines by ICH, FDA, and other federal agencies, in this regard, has notably influenced the overall development of drug products, enabling holistic product and process understanding. Owing to the applicability of QbD paradigms, a science lately christened as formulation by design (FbD) has been dedicated exclusively to QbD-enabled drug product development. Consisting of the principal elements of design of experiments (DoE), quality risk management (QRM), and QbD-enabled product comprehension as the fundamental tools in the implementation of FbD, a variety of drug nanocargos have been successfully developed with FbD paradigms and reported in the literature. FbD aims to produce novel and advanced systems utilizing nominal resources of development time, work effort, and money. A systematic FbD approach envisions the entire developmental path through pivotal milestones of risk assessment, factor screening and optimization (both using appropriate experimental designs), multivariate statistical and optimum search tools, along with response surface modeling, usually employing suitable computer software. The design space is one of the fundamental elements of FbD providing the most sought-after regulatory flexibility to pharma companies, postapproval. The present paper provides a bird's eye view of the fundamental aspects of FbD terminology, methodology, and applications in the development of a wide range of nanocargos, as well as a discussion of trends from both technological and regulatory perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 3","pages":"229-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38224921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natália Ruben Castro, Cristal S C Pinto, Elisabete P Santos, Claudia Regina E Mansur
{"title":"Hybrid Vesicular Nanosystems Based on Lipids and Polymers Applied in Therapy, Theranostics, and Cosmetics.","authors":"Natália Ruben Castro, Cristal S C Pinto, Elisabete P Santos, Claudia Regina E Mansur","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has made great contributions in the development of materials with potential application in different areas, especially in the pharmaceutical sector, where nano-systems are being intensely studied for controlled drug release. These innovative systems are composed of structures such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and cyclodextrins, with the aim of promoting enhanced bioavailability of bioactive molecules. Among these nanocarriers, vesicles such as liposomes and polymersomes are considered to be promising alternatives in delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. They have different classifications according to their composition, among which are hybrid vesicles, which unlike liposomes are composed of both lipids and polymers. These vesicular systems stand out for combining the advantages of both components, overcoming the limitations of traditional systems imposed by low stability and premature release of the encapsulated active substance. The polymers applied in hybrid vesicles can make up the membrane structure itself or be employed to coat preformed vesicles. Due to the relevance of these systems, this work covers their characteristics and summarizes recent articles about them in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 3","pages":"271-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38224426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Applications of Nanosized Drug-Delivery Systems in Lung Cancer Imaging and Therapy.","authors":"Merve Karpuz, Mine Silindir-Gunay, Asuman Yekta Ozer","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020031657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020031657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer. Lung cancer imaging can be performed using both invasive and noninvasive techniques, including magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, chest radiography, and computed tomography. But nonspecific contrast agents and radiopharmaceuticals are insufficient for early and specific diagnoses and imaging. In the case of lung cancer therapy, conventional therapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause severe and systemic adverse and toxic effects and fail to eradicate all tumor tissue. Therefore, formulation of novel, targeted, and specific agents is critically important to overcome these challenges. In this review, we summarize lung cancer classification, current methods for lung cancer imaging and therapy, and future options containing nanosized systems for lung cancer imaging and/or therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 5","pages":"435-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38773633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nail Psoriasis Treatment: Insights into Current Progress and Future Trends.","authors":"Pradip Nirbhavane, Gajanand Sharma, Supriya Verma, Rajesh Singh Jadon, Bhupinder Singh, Om Parkash Katare","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nail psoriasis is a chronic condition which causes pain and functional impairment; thus, it restricts the activities of daily living and worsens the quality of life. Different chemotherapeutic options are available for treating nail psoriasis such as systemic, intralesional, and topical therapies. However, current chemotherapy suffers from several limitations and to overcome them, new advancements are being made worldwide. Various reports have been published on current progress in the treatment of nail psoriasis such as clinical efficacy studies of novel antipsoriatic agents and novel formulation strategies for current chemotherapy. There are several novel nail formulations for the treatment of nail disorders, particularly onychomycosis, such as vesicular colloidal structure (liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, etc.) and nonvesicular colloidal structures (nano-emulgel, nanocapsules, thermosensitive gel, etc.) These formulations can also prove beneficial for the treatment of nail psoriasis, and will be heavily explored in the near future. This review provides a brief introduction to the disease, its pathogenesis, and its treatment modalities. The review also throws light onto progress and future perspectives in nail psoriasis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 2","pages":"135-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38423379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoparticle-Loaded Oral Fast-Dissolving Film: New Realistic Approach of Prospective Generation in Drug Delivery - A Review","authors":"S. Muruganantham, R. Kandasamy, S. Alagarsamy","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS): An Emerging Dosage Form to Improve the Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Drugs.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Meenakshi Bajpai, Pradeep Mishra","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of drug(s) formulation is to enhance the bioavailability of the drug within the body. Some of the challenging issues associated with poorly water-soluble drugs concern solubility and bioavailability factors. To overcome these problems, new technologies, such as lipid-based drug delivery systems including micro or nano emulsifying drug delivery system, have gained importance in recent years, due to their enhanced solubility and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Such systems are incorporated or solubilized within the lipid excipients or mixed with oils or surfactants/co-solvents to facilitate the solubility and absorption rate, which can enhance the bioavailability of the targeted drug. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the properties, factors affecting formulations, excipients, formulation techniques, and characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. It also focuses on the new approaches concerned with SEDDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 4","pages":"305-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38327107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reassessment of Therapeutic Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: A Majestic and Futuristic Drug Carrier.","authors":"Bharti Mangla, Shamama Javed, Kanchan Kohli, Aarif Ahsan, Waquar Ahsan","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as one of the most advanced and versatile nanovectors, theranostics, and futuristic drug delivery tools for highly effective delivery of genes, drugs, and biomolecules, as well as for use in bioimaging and as biosensors. CNTs have drawn tremendous attention and interest from researchers worldwide in the past two decades owing to a number of unique characteristics including well defined physicochemical properties, large surface area, in addition to exclusive electrical and optical properties. Numerous recent literature related to the design and applications of CNTs were studied and summarized accordingly. Special emphasis was given for the applications of CNTs in drug targeting. Specific targeting of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxol, gemcitabine, and methotrexate, and delivery of small interfering RNA, micro-RNA, as well as plasmid DNA have been successfully assisted using CNTs. All the major applications of CNTs were summarized in detail with possible toxicity concerns associated with them. As far as their toxicity is concerned, it was noticed that the functionalized CNTs pose little toxicity and do not have immunogenic effects. In conclusion, CNTs showed great potential in developing a new generation of carriers for various drugs and related biomolecules. The application of CNTs ranges from physics to chemistry and now they are expanding their roles in the therapeutic drug delivery in the modern healthcare system. With applications in every imaginable route of administration, CNTs bring therapeutic benefits to society. The pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical efficacy of CNTs is explored in detail in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 4","pages":"331-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38327108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}