Huize Lin, Xiang Wang, Yixuan Feng, Xiaoxu Liu, Lanping Liu, Kexin Zhu, Jianghong Shen, Pingping Zhang, Jinna Yu, Tao Yang
{"title":"Acupuncture Versus Oral Medications for Acute/Subacute Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Huize Lin, Xiang Wang, Yixuan Feng, Xiaoxu Liu, Lanping Liu, Kexin Zhu, Jianghong Shen, Pingping Zhang, Jinna Yu, Tao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11916-023-01201-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-023-01201-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Pharmacologic intervention do not always achieve benefits in the treatment of acute/subacute non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). We assessed efficacy and safety of acupuncture for acute/subacute NSLBP as alternative treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Epistemonikos, CNKI, Wan Fang Database, VIP database, CBMLD, CSTJ, clinical trials, EUCTR, World WHO ICTRP, and ChiCTR for randomized controlled trials, cross-over studies, and cohort studies of NSLBP treated by acupuncture versus oral medication from inception to 23th April 2022. A total of 6 784 records were identified, and 14 studies were included 1 263 participants in this review. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that acupuncture therapy was slightly more effective than oral medication in improving pain (P < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 92%, MD = -1.17, 95% CI [-1.61, -0.72]). According to the results of the meta-analysis, acupuncture therapy exhibited a significant advantage over oral medication with a substantial effect (P < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 90%, SMD = -1.42, 95% CI [-2.22, -0.62]). Based on the results of the meta-analysis, acupuncture therapy was associated with a 12% improvement rate compared to oral medication in patients with acute/subacute NSLBP (P < 0.0001, I<sup>2</sup> = 54%, RR = 1.11, 95% CI [1.05, 1.18]). Acupuncture is more effective and safer than oral medication in treating acute/subacute NSLBP. This systematic review is poised to offer valuable guidance to clinicians treating acute/subacute NSLBP and potentially benefit the afflicted patients.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review was registered in PROSPERO ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero ) with registration number CRD42021278346.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"489-500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruben Klimke, Alexander Ott, Carolina S Romero, Andrea Berendes, Richard D Urman, Markus M Luedi, Vighnesh Ashok
{"title":"Transitional Pain Service: An Update.","authors":"Ruben Klimke, Alexander Ott, Carolina S Romero, Andrea Berendes, Richard D Urman, Markus M Luedi, Vighnesh Ashok","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01239-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01239-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Chronic Postsurgical Pain (CPSP) and the risk for long-term opioid dependency are known complications following major surgery. The idea of Transitional Pain Service (TPS) has been introduced as an interdisciplinary setting to manage pain in the perioperative continuum. We expand on the basic framework and principles of TPS and summarize the current evidence of the TPS and possible interventions to adress postoperative pain. Areas of future work in TPS-related research are discussed.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Several studies support the effectiveness of TPS in reducing opioid consumption in the perioperative period and following discharge. Some studies also show an improvement in functional outcome with TPS with patients reporting lower pain severity and pain interference. The TPS aims to halt the progress of acute postoperative pain to CPSP by providing longitudinal support with patient-centered care. While some studies suggest a positive impact of TPS implementation in terms of reduction in postoperative opioid consumption and improvement of some functional outcomes, direct evidence in terms of reduction in the incidence of CPSP is still missing. The cost-effectiveness of TPS and the expansion of TPS through e-health services and digital applications also need to be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"457-464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Strand, Meredith A Anderson, Sumedha Attanti, Benjamin Gill, Christopher Wie, Azizat Dawodu, Robert Pagan-Rosado, Monica W Harbell, Jillian A Maloney
{"title":"Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathophysiology Review.","authors":"Natalie Strand, Meredith A Anderson, Sumedha Attanti, Benjamin Gill, Christopher Wie, Azizat Dawodu, Robert Pagan-Rosado, Monica W Harbell, Jillian A Maloney","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01243-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01243-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by nerve damage resulting from prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels. Diabetic neuropathy may cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, muscle weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and foot ulcers, potentially causing significant impairment to the quality of life for those affected. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. The etiology of diabetic neuropathy will be discussed, including risk factors, predisposing conditions, and an overview of the complex interplay between hyperglycemia, metabolic dysregulation, and nerve damage. Additionally, we will explore the molecular mechanisms and pathways of diabetic neuropathy, including the impact of hyperglycemia on nerve function, abnormalities in glucose metabolism, the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and inflammatory and immune-mediated processes. We will provide an overview of the various nerve fibers affected by diabetic neuropathy and explore the common symptoms and complications associated with diabetic neuropathy in the pain medicine field.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review highlights advances in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy as well as reviews potential novel therapeutic strategies and promising areas for future research. In conclusion, this review article aims to shed light on the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy, its far-reaching consequences, and the evolving strategies for prevention and management. In understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy and the ongoing research in this area, healthcare professionals can better serve patients with diabetes, ultimately improving well-being and reducing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"481-487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Freeman, Devin Nikjou, Jillian Maloney, Stephen Covington, Scott Pew, Christopher Wie, Natalie Strand, Alaa Abd-Elsayed
{"title":"The Role of Orthoses in Chronic Axial Spinal Conditions.","authors":"John Freeman, Devin Nikjou, Jillian Maloney, Stephen Covington, Scott Pew, Christopher Wie, Natalie Strand, Alaa Abd-Elsayed","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01233-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01233-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Bracing represents a prevalent conservative, non-surgical approach used in the management of chronic spinal conditions such as spondylosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. A wide variety of orthoses are available to aid in addressing cervical, thoracic, lumbar, thoracic, and SI joint pain. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine brace types with their current applications and implications of usage.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There are multiple cervical bracing options, such as soft and rigid collars, to assist in managing acute trauma and chronic degenerative conditions. The review highlights the nuanced decision-making process between hard and soft collars based on the severity of bone or ligamentous injury and neurological findings. Orthoses for low back pain are commonly used. The review highlights the challenges of chronic neck and lower back pain, emphasizing the importance of clinicians exploring all treatment strategies including braces which can improve function and reduce pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"501-506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Zhao Ruan, Jason Chang, Daniel Pak, Rajesh Supra, Cyrus Yazdi, Linda Kollenburg, Erkan Kurt, David Reece, Alexandra C G Fonseca, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Christopher L Robinson
{"title":"Literature Review: Mechanism, Indications, and Clinical Efficacy of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators in Lower Extremity Pain.","authors":"Qing Zhao Ruan, Jason Chang, Daniel Pak, Rajesh Supra, Cyrus Yazdi, Linda Kollenburg, Erkan Kurt, David Reece, Alexandra C G Fonseca, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Christopher L Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01240-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01240-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Lower extremity pain is deemed by Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be a significant source of chronic pain in adults. If not appropriately managed, patients are subjected to risks of prolonged musculoskeletal dysfunction, disruption to quality of life, and elevated healthcare expenditures. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has shown great potential in recent years demonstrating efficacy in multiple diagnoses ranging from acute post-surgical pain to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This study seeks to delineate efficacy of peripheral neuromodulation in the context of chronic lower extremity pain.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prevailing clinical studies demonstrate evidence levels ranging from II to V (Oxford Centre of Level of Evidence) in lower limb PNS, attaining positive outcomes in pain scores, opioid use, and quality of life measures. Nerves most frequently targeted are the sciatic and femoral nerves with post-amputation pain and CRPS most commonly investigated for efficacy. PNS is a promising therapeutic modality demonstrated to be effective for a variety of nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions in the lower extremity. PNS offers chronic pain physicians a powerful tool in the multi-modal management of lower limb chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"469-479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihir Jani, Nimesha Mehta, Sandra Yu, Ricky Ju, Ugur Yener, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Lynn Kohan, Sayed Emal Wahezi
{"title":"Mitigating Factors in L4 and L5 Medial Branch Motor Stimulation During Radiofrequency Ablation.","authors":"Mihir Jani, Nimesha Mehta, Sandra Yu, Ricky Ju, Ugur Yener, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Lynn Kohan, Sayed Emal Wahezi","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01232-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01232-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure for facet joint pain. The targets for the procedure are the medial branches of the dorsal spinal nerves which innervate the facet joints. Before RFA, patients undergo diagnostic meal branch blocks to ensure appropriate pain relief and confirm the utility of proceeding to RFA. The success of RFA relies heavily on procedural technique and accurate placement near the medial branch.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Motor testing is utilized in the lumbar region to assess the response of the multifidus and ensure proper placement of the RFA probe to prevent inadvertent damage to surrounding spinal anatomy. However, relying on motor responses in this area presents challenges given the frequency of lack of muscle twitching. Factors contributing to limited muscle twitch responses include muscle atrophy, excessive lordosis, facet arthropathy, local anesthetic use before ablation, and previous surgical neurotomy. These complexities highlight the challenges in ensuring precise motor stimulation during RFA. Despite these obstacles, accurate anatomical placement remains crucial. For RFA cases that prove challenging, relying on anatomical placement can be adequate to proceed with the procedure. Bridging knowledge gaps is vital for standardized practices and safer procedures. Further research is necessary to refine techniques, understand patient-specific factors, and enhance the efficacy of RFA in managing chronic lumbar facet joint pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"465-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Mind-Body Exercise for Treating Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Qian Gao, Xinmin Li, Mengyang Pan, Jing Wang, Fangjie Yang, Pengxue Guo, Zhenfei Duan, Chunlin Ren, Yasu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of different mind-body exercise (MBE) interventions, including Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, and Tai Chi, in managing chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP). We searched randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. After screening eligible studies and extracting relevant data, risk of bias of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, and network meta-analysis was performed by the Stata software version 16.0.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Of the 1019 studies retrieved, 18 studies with 1442 subjects were included. Fourteen studies were graded as high quality. Yoga plus hot sand fomentation was the most effective in reducing pain intensity and functional disability, and improving the quality of physical life in patients with CNNP. Yoga achieved the most improvement in cervical mobility. And Pilates was the best MBE intervention for improving the quality of mental life. Overall, Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, and Tai Chi demonstrated considerable effectiveness in improving pain intensity, functional disability, cervical mobility, and quality of life in patients with CNNP. Yoga or Yoga plus heat therapy was the most effective method for patients with CNNP. Additional high-quality, large-scale, multi-center, long-term follow-up studies are necessary to fully understand the comparative effectiveness of different MBE interventions for CNNP, and to recognize the potential benefits of each MBE intervention and the need for individualized treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"507-523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sage V Hebert, Melanie A Green, Sydney A Mashaw, William D Brouillette, Angela Nguyen, Kylie Dufrene, Anitha Shelvan, Shilpadevi Patil, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye
{"title":"Assessing Risk Factors and Comorbidities in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Sage V Hebert, Melanie A Green, Sydney A Mashaw, William D Brouillette, Angela Nguyen, Kylie Dufrene, Anitha Shelvan, Shilpadevi Patil, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01249-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01249-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Chronic pain affects a significant portion of the population globally, making it a leading cause of disability. Understanding the multifaceted nature of chronic pain, its various types, and the intricate relationship it shares with risk factors, comorbidities, and mental health issues like depression and anxiety is critical for comprehensive patient care. Factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), age, gender, and obesity collectively add layers of complexity to chronic pain experiences and pose management challenges.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Low SES presents barriers to effective pain care, while gender differences and the prevalence of chronic pain in aging adults emphasize the need for tailored approaches. The association between chronic pain and physical comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus reveals shared risk factors and further highlights the importance of integrated treatment strategies. Chronic pain and mental health are intricately linked through biochemical mechanisms, profoundly affecting overall quality of life. This review explores pharmacologic treatment for chronic pain, particularly opioid analgesia, with attention to the risk of substance misuse and the ongoing opioid epidemic. We discuss the potential role of medical cannabis as an alternative treatment with a nuanced perspective on its impact on opioid use. Addressing the totality and complexity of pain states is crucial to individualizing chronic pain management. With different types of pain having different underlying mechanisms, considerations should be made when approaching their treatment. Moreover, the synergistic relationship that pain states can have with other comorbidities further complicates chronic pain conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"525-534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David L Chang, Benjamin Mirman, Neel Mehta, Daniel Pak
{"title":"Applications of Cryoneurolysis in Chronic Pain Management: a Review of the Current Literature.","authors":"David L Chang, Benjamin Mirman, Neel Mehta, Daniel Pak","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01222-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01222-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to evaluate and summarize the literature investigating cryoneurolysis in the treatment of various chronic pain pathologies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There is an increasing amount of interest in the use of cryoneurolysis in chronic pain, and various studies have investigated its use in lumbar facet joint pain, SI joint pain, post-thoracotomy syndrome, temporomandibular joint pain, chronic knee pain, phantom limb pain, neuropathic pain, and abdominal pain. Numerous retrospective studies and a more limited number of prospective, sham-controlled prospective studies suggest the efficacy of cryoneurolysis in managing these chronic pain pathologies with a low complication rate. However, more blinded, controlled, prospective studies comparing cryoneurolysis to other techniques are needed to clarify its relative risks and advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"403-416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Stieger, Carolina S Romero, Lukas Andereggen, Daniel Heisenberg, Richard D Urman, Markus M Luedi
{"title":"Nerve Blocks for Craniotomy.","authors":"Andrea Stieger, Carolina S Romero, Lukas Andereggen, Daniel Heisenberg, Richard D Urman, Markus M Luedi","doi":"10.1007/s11916-024-01236-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11916-024-01236-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Postcraniotomy headache (PCH) is a common adverse event and can lead to various complications and decreased quality of life.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>To reduce postcraniotomy pain and associated complications, a multimodal pain therapy including analgesics, analgesic adjuncts, and regional anesthesia is essential. The use of opioids should be minimized to facilitate prompt postoperative neurosurgical assessment. Here, we provide an update on the latest evidence regarding the role of scalp nerve blocks in the pain management of patients undergoing craniotomy procedure. Nerve blocks are effective in alleviating postoperative pain after craniotomy. Scalp blocks contribute to lower pain levels and less opioid consumption in the first 48 h following surgery. Moreover, there is a significant decrease in patients suffering from PONV among patients who receive scalp block.</p>","PeriodicalId":50602,"journal":{"name":"Current Pain and Headache Reports","volume":" ","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}