Carbon Balance and Management最新文献

{"title":"Aboveground live tree carbon stock and change in forests of conterminous United States: influence of stand age","authors":"Coeli M. Hoover,&nbsp;James E. Smith","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00227-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00227-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sequestration of carbon on forest land is a common and practical component within many climate action plans developed by state or municipal governments. Initial planning often identifies the general magnitude of sequestration expected given the scope of the project. Because age plays a key role in forest carbon dynamics, we summarize both the carbon stock and accumulation rates in live trees by age class and region, allowing managers and policymakers to assess the influence of forest age class structure on forest carbon storage as represented in current inventories. State-level information is provided in supplementary tables.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Average regional aboveground live tree carbon stocks (represented on a per area basis) range from 11.6 tC/ha in the Great Plains to 130 tC/ha in the Pacific Northwest West (west-side of Cascades) and increase with age in all regions, although in three regions carbon stock declined in the oldest age class. Regional average annual net change in live aboveground tree carbon varies from a low of − 0.18 tC /ha/yr in the Rocky Mountain South region to a high value of 1.74 tC/ha/yr in Pacific Northwest West. In all regions except Rocky Mountain South, accumulation rates are highest in the younger age classes and decline with age, with older age classes in several western regions showing negative rates. In the Southeast and Pacific Northwest West, intermediate age classes exhibit lower rates, likely due to harvesting activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Aboveground live tree carbon stocks increase and rates of average change decrease with age with few exceptions; this pattern holds when examining hardwood and softwood types individually. Because multiple forest management objectives are often considered and tradeoffs need to be assessed, we recommend considering both measures—standing stock and average annual change—of carbon storage. The relative importance of each component depends on management and policy objectives and the time frame related to those objectives. Harvesting and natural disturbance also affect forest carbon stock and change and may need to be considered if developing projections of potential carbon storage. We present forest carbon summaries at a scale and scope to meet information needs of managers and policymakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00227-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4638744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinning effects on stand growth, carbon stocks, and soil properties in Brutia pine plantations","authors":"Neşat Erkan,&nbsp;Şükrü Teoman Güner,&nbsp;Ali Cem Aydın","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00226-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00226-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thinning on stand growth, carbon (C) sequestration, and soil properties in Brutia pine (<i>Pinus brutia</i> Ten.) plantations. The study was conducted at two experimental sites -the Antalya-Kaş and Isparta-Eğirdir plantation areas- in Turkey between 1985 and 2015. Different thinning intensities -unthinned (control), moderate, and heavy- were replicated in four blocks. We determined the C in the living biomass, litter, soil, and some soil features for each experimental parcel.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We found no statistically significant difference in total stand volume between thinning-intensity treatments 30 years after thinning. This may be due to more light availability and less competition between trees and faster tree-diameter growth rate after thinning, thus explaining the volume in the treated parcels compared to the control over time. The C stocks in the biomass, litter, and soil were not significantly influenced by the thinning intensity. The nutrients in the litter and soil, and other soil properties, were not significantly different among thinning parcels. This implies that the C and other nutrients in the litter and soil are related to the stand volume and biomass, which were not changed by thinning in time.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This finding is important in terms of showing that there was no change in total stand volume by thinning, which has been debated in the literature. This information is useful for forest managers when determining thinning strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00226-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4026274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of climate and plant functional types on forest above-ground biomass accumulation","authors":"Xia Chen,&nbsp;Mingyu Luo,&nbsp;Markku Larjavaara","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00225-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00225-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Forest above-ground biomass (AGB) accumulation is widely considered an important tool for mitigating climate change. However, the general pattern of forest AGB accumulation associated with age and climate gradients across various forest functional types at a global scale have remained unclear. In this study, we compiled a global AGB data set and applied a Bayesian statistical model to reveal the age-related dynamics of forest AGB accumulation, and to quantify the effects of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation on the initial AGB accumulation rate and on the saturated AGB characterizing the limit to AGB accumulation.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the study suggest that mean annual temperature has a significant positive effect on the initial AGB accumulation rate in needleleaf evergreen forest, and a negative effect in broadleaf deciduous forest; whereas annual precipitation has a positive effect in broadleaf deciduous forest, and negative effect in broadleaf evergreen forest. The positive effect of mean annual temperature on the saturated AGB in broadleaf evergreen forest is greater than in broadleaf deciduous forest; annual precipitation has a greater negative effect on the saturated AGB in deciduous forests than in evergreen forests. Additionally, the difference of AGB accumulation rate across four forest functional types is closely correlated with the forest development stage at a given climate.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The contrasting responses of AGB accumulation rate to mean annual temperature and precipitation across four forest functional types emphasizes the importance of incorporating the complexity of forest types into the models which are used in planning climate change mitigation. This study also highlights the high potential for further AGB growth in existing evergreen forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00225-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4867282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of land-use change matrix and estimation of greenhouse gas inventory focusing on settlements in South Korea","authors":"Sol-E Choi,&nbsp;Segi Hong,&nbsp;Cholho Song,&nbsp;Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;Whijin Kim,&nbsp;Ram Ha,&nbsp;Woo-Kyun Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00223-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00223-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Five ministries are involved in estimating the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory in the South Korean land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sectors. However, these ministries have not established a consistent land classification standard between land-use categories. Therefore, the GHG inventory is estimated at the approach 1 level with no spatial clarity between land-use categories. Moreover, the settlements category is not estimated because activity data and the spatial scope are lacking. This study proposed a methodology for constructing a land-use change (LUC) matrix in the LULUCF sector for improving approach level and estimating the GHG inventory in the settlements.</p><h3>Result</h3><p>We examined 10 sets of spatiotemporal data in South Korea to construct a LUC matrix. To maintain consistency in the spatial land classification, we constructed a LUC matrix using cadastral maps, which provide useful data for consistent land-use classification in South Korea. The LUC matrix was divided into remaining and land-converted settlements between 2005 and 2019 with estimated areas of 878,393.17 and 203,260.42 ha, respectively. CO₂ emissions, according to Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change’s Guideline Tier 1, were estimated at 18.94 MtCO₂ for 15 years, with an annual CO₂ emission of 1.26 MtCO₂ yr⁻¹. CO₂ emission by land conversion type was found to be the largest at 16.93 MtCO₂ in the case of forest converted to settlements. In addition, the area with the largest CO₂ emission density was Sejong-si at 7.59 tCO₂/ha.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on reviewing available spatial data in South Korea, it is possible to improve Approach 3, which is more advanced than previous Approach 1 in the settlement category. In addition, the national GHG inventory also can be estimated by our constructed LUC matrix and activity data in this study. Under the many discussions about developing the Approach system, this study can provide in-detail information on developing LUC in South Korea in the settlement category as well as suggesting a methodology for constructing the LUC matrix for countries with similar problems to South Korea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00223-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4835617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon stock potential of highland bamboo plantations in northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Ayana A. Jember,&nbsp;Mintesinot A. Taye,&nbsp;Getaneh Gebeyehu,&nbsp;Gashaw Mulu,&nbsp;Trinh Thang Long,&nbsp;Durai Jayaraman,&nbsp;Shiferaw Abebe","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Ethiopia, highland bamboo has been cultivated in various niches: farmlands, riverbanks, woodlot boundaries, and homesteads, and agroforestry systems. However, the biomass and carbon storage of potential of bamboo forests across niches is not well characterized in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the biomass and carbon storage potential of highland bamboo plantations in northwestern Ethiopia. To this end, a total of 60 circular plots measuring 100 m² with a radius of 5.64 m were randomly established on the homestead, woodlot, and riverbank plantation niches to conduct the inventory. The biomass storage of bamboo was calculated based on previously published allometric equations. Biomass and carbon stock variations among age-classes and niches of bamboo forests were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent pairwise means comparisons of carbon stocks among niches were performed via post hoc Tukey test at p &lt; 0.05.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed that the mean aboveground biomass (AGB) ranged from 150.18 – 191.42 Mg ha⁻¹ in the entire niches. The highest amount of AGB was stored in the homestead niche (191.42 Mg ha⁻¹) followed by the woodlot (180.11 Mg ha⁻¹) and riverbank niche (150.17 Mg ha⁻¹), respectively. The highest carbon stock (111.56 Mg C ha⁻¹) was found in the homestead niche while the smallest amount was recorded in the riverbank niche (87.52 Mg ha⁻¹). The homestead bamboo plantation has the highest biomass storage due to the application of manure and natural fertilizer, regular harvesting and management of culms, and protection from illegal harvesting and grazing.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the importance of bamboo plantations in climate change mitigation. Hence, bamboo plantation should be promoted; and natural resource management and forestry departments of the government, Universities, research centers, the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR), and other partners should work with local communities to expand bamboo plantation on their homesteads and degraded lands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4653415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of forest degradation classification on the uncertainty of aboveground carbon estimates in the Amazon","authors":"Ekena Rangel Pinagé,&nbsp;Michael Keller,&nbsp;Christopher P. Peck,&nbsp;Marcos Longo,&nbsp;Paul Duffy,&nbsp;Ovidiu Csillik","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tropical forests are critical for the global carbon budget, yet they have been threatened by deforestation and forest degradation by fire, selective logging, and fragmentation. Existing uncertainties on land cover classification and in biomass estimates hinder accurate attribution of carbon emissions to specific forest classes. In this study, we used textural metrics derived from PlanetScope images to implement a probabilistic classification framework to identify intact, logged and burned forests in three Amazonian sites. We also estimated biomass for these forest classes using airborne lidar and compared biomass uncertainties using the lidar-derived estimates only to biomass uncertainties considering the forest degradation classification as well.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our classification approach reached overall accuracy of 0.86, with accuracy at individual sites varying from 0.69 to 0.93. Logged forests showed variable biomass changes, while burned forests showed an average carbon loss of 35%. We found that including uncertainty in forest degradation classification significantly increased uncertainty and decreased estimates of mean carbon density in two of the three test sites.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that the attribution of biomass changes to forest degradation classes needs to account for the uncertainty in forest degradation classification. By combining very high-resolution images with lidar data, we could attribute carbon stock changes to specific pathways of forest degradation. This approach also allows quantifying uncertainties of carbon emissions associated with forest degradation through logging and fire. Both the attribution and uncertainty quantification provide critical information for national greenhouse gas inventories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4568102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A life cycle and product type based estimator for quantifying the carbon stored in wood products","authors":"Xinyuan Wei,&nbsp;Jianheng Zhao,&nbsp;Daniel J. Hayes,&nbsp;Adam Daigneault,&nbsp;He Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Timber harvesting and industrial wood processing laterally transfer the carbon stored in forest sectors to wood products creating a wood products carbon pool. The carbon stored in wood products is allocated to end-use wood products (e.g., paper, furniture), landfill, and charcoal. Wood products can store substantial amounts of carbon and contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse effects. Therefore, accurate accounts for the size of wood products carbon pools for different regions are essential to estimating the land-atmosphere carbon exchange by using the bottom-up approach of carbon stock change.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>To quantify the carbon stored in wood products, we developed a state-of-the-art estimator (Wood Products Carbon Storage Estimator, WPsCS Estimator) that includes the wood products disposal, recycling, and waste wood decomposition processes. The wood products carbon pool in this estimator has three subpools: (1) end-use wood products, (2) landfill, and (3) charcoal carbon. In addition, it has a user-friendly interface, which can be used to easily parameterize and calibrate an estimation. To evaluate its performance, we applied this estimator to account for the carbon stored in wood products made from the timber harvested in Maine, USA, and the carbon storage of wood products consumed in the United States.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The WPsCS Estimator can efficiently and easily quantify the carbon stored in harvested wood products for a given region over a specific period, which was demonstrated with two illustrative examples. In addition, WPsCS Estimator has a user-friendly interface, and all parameters can be easily modified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4648994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of low carbon technologies under rice production systems in China","authors":"Zhong-Du Chen,&nbsp;Fu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production, such as farmers’ livelihood and the soil quality, has been identified to be strong influenced by climate change in China. However, the benefits of low carbon technologies (LCTs) are still debatable in rice production for farmers, which have been identified to tackle agricultural challenges. The choice of potential LCTs relevant to the case study is based on a literature review of previous empirical studies. Thus, the objectives of the study were to (1) investigate the public perception and preferences of LCTs in rice production of China, and (2) analyze the influences of the factors on farmer’s decision in adopting LCTs in rice production. There were 555 farmer surveys from eight representative rice production counties in HP province of southern China, both the Poisson estimators and multivariate probit (MVP) approach were applied in the study.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results show that water-saving irrigation, integrated pest management techniques and planting green manure crops in winter season were the three major LCTs adapted by farmers in rice production. The intensity and probability of LCTs adoptions were influenced by the main factors including farmers’ education level, climate change awareness, machinery ownership, technical support and subsidies. There is a significant correlation among the LCTs, and the adoption of the technologies is interdependent, depicting either complementarities or substitutabilities between the practices.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study suggests that policies enhance the integration of LCTs would be central to farmers’ knowledge, environmental concerns, technical service and financial support in rice production systems in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10374369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States","authors":"E. E. Swails,&nbsp;M. Ardón,&nbsp;K. W. Krauss,&nbsp;A. L. Peralta,&nbsp;R. E. Emanuel,&nbsp;A. M. Helton,&nbsp;J. L. Morse,&nbsp;L. Gutenberg,&nbsp;N. Cormier,&nbsp;D. Shoch,&nbsp;S. Settlemyer,&nbsp;E. Soderholm,&nbsp;B. P. Boutin,&nbsp;C. Peoples,&nbsp;S. Ward","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO₂) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO₂ emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO₂ emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Total soil respiration increased with deeper water tables and warmer soil temperatures in both drained and hydrologically restored peatlands. Variation in soil respiration was more strongly linked to soil temperature at drained (R² = 0.57, p &lt; 0.0001) than restored sites (R² = 0.28, p &lt; 0.0001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that drainage amplifies the impact of warming temperatures on peat decomposition. Proxy measurements for estimation of CO₂ emissions from peat decomposition represent a considerable cost reduction compared to direct soil flux measurements for land managers contemplating the potential climate impact of restoring drained peatland sites. Research can help to increase understanding of factors influencing variation in soil respiration in addition to physical variables such as depth to water table and soil temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of human and livestock respiration on CO2 emissions from 14 global cities","authors":"Qixiang Cai,&nbsp;Ning Zeng,&nbsp;Fang Zhao,&nbsp;Pengfei Han,&nbsp;Di Liu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Lin,&nbsp;Jingwen Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00217-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00217-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The CO₂ released by humans and livestock through digestion and decomposition is an important part of the urban carbon cycle, but is rarely considered in studies of city carbon budgets since its annual magnitude is usually much lower than that of fossil fuel emissions within the boundaries of cities. However, human and livestock respiration may be substantial compared to fossil fuel emissions in areas with high population density such as Manhattan or Beijing. High-resolution datasets of CO₂ released from respiration also have rarely been reported on a global scale or in cities globally. Here, we estimate the CO₂ released by human and livestock respiration at global and city scales and then compare it with the carbon emissions inventory from fossil fuels in 14 cities worldwide.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that the total magnitude of human and livestock respiration emissions is 38.2% of the fossil fuel emissions in Sao Paulo, highest amongst the 14 cities considered here. The proportion is larger than 10% in cities of Delhi, Cape Town and Tokyo. In other cities, it is relatively small with a proportion around 5%. In addition, almost 90% of respiratory carbon comes from urban areas in most of the cities, while up to one-third comes from suburban areas in Beijing on account of the siginificant livestock production.</p><h3>Conclution</h3><p>The results suggest that the respiration of human and livestock represents a significant CO₂ source in some cities and is nonnegligible for city carbon budget analysis and carbon monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40678348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}