Carbon Balance and Management最新文献

{"title":"Carbon stock potential of highland bamboo plantations in northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Ayana A. Jember,&nbsp;Mintesinot A. Taye,&nbsp;Getaneh Gebeyehu,&nbsp;Gashaw Mulu,&nbsp;Trinh Thang Long,&nbsp;Durai Jayaraman,&nbsp;Shiferaw Abebe","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Ethiopia, highland bamboo has been cultivated in various niches: farmlands, riverbanks, woodlot boundaries, and homesteads, and agroforestry systems. However, the biomass and carbon storage of potential of bamboo forests across niches is not well characterized in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the biomass and carbon storage potential of highland bamboo plantations in northwestern Ethiopia. To this end, a total of 60 circular plots measuring 100 m² with a radius of 5.64 m were randomly established on the homestead, woodlot, and riverbank plantation niches to conduct the inventory. The biomass storage of bamboo was calculated based on previously published allometric equations. Biomass and carbon stock variations among age-classes and niches of bamboo forests were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent pairwise means comparisons of carbon stocks among niches were performed via post hoc Tukey test at p &lt; 0.05.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed that the mean aboveground biomass (AGB) ranged from 150.18 – 191.42 Mg ha⁻¹ in the entire niches. The highest amount of AGB was stored in the homestead niche (191.42 Mg ha⁻¹) followed by the woodlot (180.11 Mg ha⁻¹) and riverbank niche (150.17 Mg ha⁻¹), respectively. The highest carbon stock (111.56 Mg C ha⁻¹) was found in the homestead niche while the smallest amount was recorded in the riverbank niche (87.52 Mg ha⁻¹). The homestead bamboo plantation has the highest biomass storage due to the application of manure and natural fertilizer, regular harvesting and management of culms, and protection from illegal harvesting and grazing.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the importance of bamboo plantations in climate change mitigation. Hence, bamboo plantation should be promoted; and natural resource management and forestry departments of the government, Universities, research centers, the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR), and other partners should work with local communities to expand bamboo plantation on their homesteads and degraded lands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00224-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4653415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of forest degradation classification on the uncertainty of aboveground carbon estimates in the Amazon","authors":"Ekena Rangel Pinagé,&nbsp;Michael Keller,&nbsp;Christopher P. Peck,&nbsp;Marcos Longo,&nbsp;Paul Duffy,&nbsp;Ovidiu Csillik","doi":"10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tropical forests are critical for the global carbon budget, yet they have been threatened by deforestation and forest degradation by fire, selective logging, and fragmentation. Existing uncertainties on land cover classification and in biomass estimates hinder accurate attribution of carbon emissions to specific forest classes. In this study, we used textural metrics derived from PlanetScope images to implement a probabilistic classification framework to identify intact, logged and burned forests in three Amazonian sites. We also estimated biomass for these forest classes using airborne lidar and compared biomass uncertainties using the lidar-derived estimates only to biomass uncertainties considering the forest degradation classification as well.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our classification approach reached overall accuracy of 0.86, with accuracy at individual sites varying from 0.69 to 0.93. Logged forests showed variable biomass changes, while burned forests showed an average carbon loss of 35%. We found that including uncertainty in forest degradation classification significantly increased uncertainty and decreased estimates of mean carbon density in two of the three test sites.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that the attribution of biomass changes to forest degradation classes needs to account for the uncertainty in forest degradation classification. By combining very high-resolution images with lidar data, we could attribute carbon stock changes to specific pathways of forest degradation. This approach also allows quantifying uncertainties of carbon emissions associated with forest degradation through logging and fire. Both the attribution and uncertainty quantification provide critical information for national greenhouse gas inventories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-023-00221-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4568102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A life cycle and product type based estimator for quantifying the carbon stored in wood products","authors":"Xinyuan Wei,&nbsp;Jianheng Zhao,&nbsp;Daniel J. Hayes,&nbsp;Adam Daigneault,&nbsp;He Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Timber harvesting and industrial wood processing laterally transfer the carbon stored in forest sectors to wood products creating a wood products carbon pool. The carbon stored in wood products is allocated to end-use wood products (e.g., paper, furniture), landfill, and charcoal. Wood products can store substantial amounts of carbon and contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse effects. Therefore, accurate accounts for the size of wood products carbon pools for different regions are essential to estimating the land-atmosphere carbon exchange by using the bottom-up approach of carbon stock change.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>To quantify the carbon stored in wood products, we developed a state-of-the-art estimator (Wood Products Carbon Storage Estimator, WPsCS Estimator) that includes the wood products disposal, recycling, and waste wood decomposition processes. The wood products carbon pool in this estimator has three subpools: (1) end-use wood products, (2) landfill, and (3) charcoal carbon. In addition, it has a user-friendly interface, which can be used to easily parameterize and calibrate an estimation. To evaluate its performance, we applied this estimator to account for the carbon stored in wood products made from the timber harvested in Maine, USA, and the carbon storage of wood products consumed in the United States.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The WPsCS Estimator can efficiently and easily quantify the carbon stored in harvested wood products for a given region over a specific period, which was demonstrated with two illustrative examples. In addition, WPsCS Estimator has a user-friendly interface, and all parameters can be easily modified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-022-00220-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4648994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of low carbon technologies under rice production systems in China","authors":"Zhong-Du Chen,&nbsp;Fu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production, such as farmers’ livelihood and the soil quality, has been identified to be strong influenced by climate change in China. However, the benefits of low carbon technologies (LCTs) are still debatable in rice production for farmers, which have been identified to tackle agricultural challenges. The choice of potential LCTs relevant to the case study is based on a literature review of previous empirical studies. Thus, the objectives of the study were to (1) investigate the public perception and preferences of LCTs in rice production of China, and (2) analyze the influences of the factors on farmer’s decision in adopting LCTs in rice production. There were 555 farmer surveys from eight representative rice production counties in HP province of southern China, both the Poisson estimators and multivariate probit (MVP) approach were applied in the study.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results show that water-saving irrigation, integrated pest management techniques and planting green manure crops in winter season were the three major LCTs adapted by farmers in rice production. The intensity and probability of LCTs adoptions were influenced by the main factors including farmers’ education level, climate change awareness, machinery ownership, technical support and subsidies. There is a significant correlation among the LCTs, and the adoption of the technologies is interdependent, depicting either complementarities or substitutabilities between the practices.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study suggests that policies enhance the integration of LCTs would be central to farmers’ knowledge, environmental concerns, technical service and financial support in rice production systems in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10374369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States","authors":"E. E. Swails,&nbsp;M. Ardón,&nbsp;K. W. Krauss,&nbsp;A. L. Peralta,&nbsp;R. E. Emanuel,&nbsp;A. M. Helton,&nbsp;J. L. Morse,&nbsp;L. Gutenberg,&nbsp;N. Cormier,&nbsp;D. Shoch,&nbsp;S. Settlemyer,&nbsp;E. Soderholm,&nbsp;B. P. Boutin,&nbsp;C. Peoples,&nbsp;S. Ward","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO₂) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO₂ emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO₂ emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Total soil respiration increased with deeper water tables and warmer soil temperatures in both drained and hydrologically restored peatlands. Variation in soil respiration was more strongly linked to soil temperature at drained (R² = 0.57, p &lt; 0.0001) than restored sites (R² = 0.28, p &lt; 0.0001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that drainage amplifies the impact of warming temperatures on peat decomposition. Proxy measurements for estimation of CO₂ emissions from peat decomposition represent a considerable cost reduction compared to direct soil flux measurements for land managers contemplating the potential climate impact of restoring drained peatland sites. Research can help to increase understanding of factors influencing variation in soil respiration in addition to physical variables such as depth to water table and soil temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of human and livestock respiration on CO2 emissions from 14 global cities","authors":"Qixiang Cai,&nbsp;Ning Zeng,&nbsp;Fang Zhao,&nbsp;Pengfei Han,&nbsp;Di Liu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Lin,&nbsp;Jingwen Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00217-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00217-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The CO₂ released by humans and livestock through digestion and decomposition is an important part of the urban carbon cycle, but is rarely considered in studies of city carbon budgets since its annual magnitude is usually much lower than that of fossil fuel emissions within the boundaries of cities. However, human and livestock respiration may be substantial compared to fossil fuel emissions in areas with high population density such as Manhattan or Beijing. High-resolution datasets of CO₂ released from respiration also have rarely been reported on a global scale or in cities globally. Here, we estimate the CO₂ released by human and livestock respiration at global and city scales and then compare it with the carbon emissions inventory from fossil fuels in 14 cities worldwide.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that the total magnitude of human and livestock respiration emissions is 38.2% of the fossil fuel emissions in Sao Paulo, highest amongst the 14 cities considered here. The proportion is larger than 10% in cities of Delhi, Cape Town and Tokyo. In other cities, it is relatively small with a proportion around 5%. In addition, almost 90% of respiratory carbon comes from urban areas in most of the cities, while up to one-third comes from suburban areas in Beijing on account of the siginificant livestock production.</p><h3>Conclution</h3><p>The results suggest that the respiration of human and livestock represents a significant CO₂ source in some cities and is nonnegligible for city carbon budget analysis and carbon monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40678348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance during the 20th century: an analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model","authors":"Yanyu Lu,&nbsp;Yao Huang,&nbsp;Qianlai Zhuang,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Shutao Chen,&nbsp;Jun Lu","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00215-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00215-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>China’s terrestrial ecosystems play a pronounced role in the global carbon cycle. Here we combine spatially-explicit information on vegetation, soil, topography, climate and land use change with a process-based biogeochemistry model to quantify the responses of terrestrial carbon cycle in China during the 20th century.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>At a century scale, China’s terrestrial ecosystems have acted as a carbon sink averaging at 96 Tg C yr^− 1, with large inter-annual and decadal variabilities. The regional sink has been enhanced due to the rising temperature and CO₂ concentration, with a slight increase trend in carbon sink strength along with the enhanced net primary production in the century. The areas characterized by C source are simulated to extend in the west and north of the Hu Huanyong line, while the eastern and southern regions increase their area and intensity of C sink, particularly in the late 20th century. Forest ecosystems dominate the C sink in China and are responsible for about 64% of the total sink. On the century scale, the increase in carbon sinks in China’s terrestrial ecosystems is mainly contributed by rising CO₂. Afforestation and reforestation promote an increase in terrestrial carbon uptake in China from 1950s. Although climate change has generally contributed to the increase of carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems in China, the positive effect of climate change has been diminishing in the last decades of the 20th century.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study focuses on the impacts of climate, CO₂ and land use change on the carbon cycle, and presents the potential trends of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance in China at a century scale. While a slight increase in carbon sink strength benefits from the enhanced vegetation carbon uptake in China’s terrestrial ecosystems during the 20th century, the increase trend may diminish or even change to a decrease trend under future climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33493623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of Earth Observation to support estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the Global stocktake process: lessons learned from ESA-CCI RECCAP2","authors":"Ana Bastos,&nbsp;Philippe Ciais,&nbsp;Stephen Sitch,&nbsp;Luiz E. O. C. Aragão,&nbsp;Frédéric Chevallier,&nbsp;Dominic Fawcett,&nbsp;Thais M. Rosan,&nbsp;Marielle Saunois,&nbsp;Dirk Günther,&nbsp;Lucia Perugini,&nbsp;Colas Robert,&nbsp;Zhu Deng,&nbsp;Julia Pongratz,&nbsp;Raphael Ganzenmüller,&nbsp;Richard Fuchs,&nbsp;Karina Winkler,&nbsp;Sönke Zaehle,&nbsp;Clément Albergel","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00214-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00214-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Global Stocktake (GST), implemented by the Paris Agreement, requires rapid developments in the capabilities to quantify annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals consistently from the global to the national scale and improvements to national GHG inventories. In particular, new capabilities are needed for accurate attribution of sources and sinks and their trends to natural and anthropogenic processes. On the one hand, this is still a major challenge as national GHG inventories follow globally harmonized methodologies based on the guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but these can be implemented differently for individual countries. Moreover, in many countries the capability to systematically produce detailed and annually updated GHG inventories is still lacking. On the other hand, spatially-explicit datasets quantifying sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Earth Observations (EO) are still limited by many sources of uncertainty. While national GHG inventories follow diverse methodologies depending on the availability of activity data in the different countries, the proposed comparison with EO-based estimates can help improve our understanding of the comparability of the estimates published by the different countries. Indeed, EO networks and satellite platforms have seen a massive expansion in the past decade, now covering a wide range of essential climate variables and offering high potential to improve the quantification of global and regional GHG budgets and advance process understanding. Yet, there is no EO data that quantifies greenhouse gas fluxes directly, rather there are observations of variables or proxies that can be transformed into fluxes using models. Here, we report results and lessons from the ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project, whose goal was to engage with National Inventory Agencies to improve understanding about the methods used by each community to estimate sources and sinks of GHGs and to evaluate the potential for satellite and in-situ EO to improve national GHG estimates. Based on this dialogue and recent studies, we discuss the potential of EO approaches to provide estimates of GHG budgets that can be compared with those of national GHG inventories. We outline a roadmap for implementation of an EO carbon-monitoring program that can contribute to the Paris Agreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40387968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Required displacement factors for evaluating and comparing climate impacts of intensive and extensive forestry in Germany","authors":"Buschbeck Christian,&nbsp;Pauliuk Stefan","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00216-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00216-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Forestry plays a major role in climate change mitigation. However, which intensity of logging is best suited for that task remains controversial. We contribute to the debate by quantitatively analyzing three different forest management scenarios in Germany—a baseline scenario which represents a continuation of current forest management practice as well as an intensive and an extensive logging scenario. We assess whether increased carbon storage in wood products and substitution of other emission-intensive materials can offset reduced carbon stocks in the forest due to increased harvesting. For that, we calculate annual required displacement factors (RDF)—a dimensionless quantity that indicates the minimal displacement factor (DF) so that intensive forestry outperforms extensive forestry from a climate perspective.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>If the intensive forest management scenario is included in the comparison, the RDF starts off with relatively high values (1 to 1.5) but declines over time and eventually even reaches negative values. Comparing the extensive scenario to a baseline yields RDF values between 0.1 and 0.9 with a slightly increasing trend. Compared to RDFs, expected future DFs are too low to favour the intensive forestry scenario and too high to favour the extensive forestry scenario, during the first 25 years of the modeling period. However, towards the end of the modeling period, the relationship between DFs and RDF is turned around in both comparisons. In the comparison between intensive and extensive forest management RDF values are very similar to future DF trajectories.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>RDFs are a useful tool for comparing annual climate impacts of forest growth scenarios and can be used to benchmark material and energy substitution effects of wood. Our results indicate that the baseline scenario reflects an effective compromise between carbon stocks in the forest and carbon displacement by wood use. For a longer modeling period, however, this might not be the case. Which of the alternative scenarios would be best suited for climate change mitigation is heavily dependent on future DF trajectory. Hence, our findings highlight the necessity of robust projections of forest dynamics and industry decarbonization pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40387362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a low carbon ASEAN: an environmentally extended MRIO optimization model","authors":"Adrianus Amheka,&nbsp;Hoa Thi Nguyen,&nbsp;Krista Danielle Yu,&nbsp;Robert Mesakh Noach,&nbsp;Viknesh Andiappan,&nbsp;Vincent Joseph Dacanay,&nbsp;Kathleen Aviso","doi":"10.1186/s13021-022-00213-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-022-00213-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Economic growth is dependent on economic activity, which often translates to higher levels of carbon emissions. With the emergence of technologies that promote sustainable production, governments are working towards achieving their target economic growth while minimizing environmental emissions to meet their commitments to the international community. The IPCC reports that economic activities associated with electricity and heat production contributed most to GHG emissions and it led to the steady increase in global average temperatures. Currently, more than 90% of the total GHG emissions of the ASEAN region is attributable to Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. These regions are expected to be greatly affected with climate change. This work analyzes how ASEAN nations can achieve carbon reduction targets while aspiring for economic growth rates in consideration of interdependencies between nations. We thus develop a multi-regional input–output model which can either minimize collective or individual carbon emissions. A high-level eight-sector economy is used for analyzing different economic strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This model shows that minimizing collective carbon emissions can still yield economic growth. Countries can focus on developing sectors that have potentials for growth and lower carbon intensity as new technologies become available. In the case study examined, results indicate that the services sector, agriculture, and food manufacturing sector have higher potential for economic growth under carbon reduction emission constraints. In addition, the simultaneous implementation of multiple carbon emission reduction strategies provides the largest reduction in regional carbon emissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This model provides a more holistic view of how the generation of carbon emissions are influenced by the interdependence of nations. The emissions reduction achieved by each country varied depending on the state of technology and the level of economic development in the different regions. Though the presented case focused on the ASEAN region, the model framework can be used for the analysis of other multi-regional systems at various levels of resolution if data is available. Insights obtained from the model results can be used to help nations identify more appropriate and achievable carbon reduction targets and to develop coordinated and more customized policies to target priority sectors in a country. This model is currently limited by the assumption of fixed technical coefficients in the exchange and interdependence of different regions. Future work can investigate modelling flexible multi-regional trade where regions have the option of substituting goods and products in its import or export structure. Other strategies for reducing carbon emission intensity can also be explored, such as modelling transport mode choices, or establishing sectors for waste management. Hybri","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9454141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40354537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}