Current Zoology最新文献_第3页

Urbanization does not increase ‘object curiosity’ in vervet monkeys, but semi-urban individuals selectively explore food related anthropogenic items 城市化不会增加疣猴的 "好奇心"，但半城市化个体会选择性地探索与食物有关的人为物品

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae022

Lindsey Ellington, Stephanie Mercier, Alba Motes-Rodrigo, Erica van de Waal, Sofia Forss

{"title":"Urbanization does not increase ‘object curiosity’ in vervet monkeys, but semi-urban individuals selectively explore food related anthropogenic items","authors":"Lindsey Ellington, Stephanie Mercier, Alba Motes-Rodrigo, Erica van de Waal, Sofia Forss","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae022","url":null,"abstract":"Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with opportunistic diets and high behavioural flexibility. Neophilia and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioural traits for animals thriving in urban environments. Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments, thus making them an ideal species to study these traits. Using a within-species cross-habitat approach, we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects (jointly referred to as ‘object curiosity’) between semi-urban, wild, and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban living. To measure ‘object curiosity’, we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative behaviour. Our results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behaviour towards novel stimuli between the habitat types considered. Captive vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi- urban and wild troops, suggesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation, rather than exposure to human materials per se, influence object curiosity. Across habitats, juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex class. This is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their environment. Additionally, we found that items potentially associated with human food, elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects, suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by “anthrophilia” i.e., their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food sources. We conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans, predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in ‘object curiosity’ in our sample of vervet monkeys.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of the post-autotomy regeneration of a sexual trait and mating tactics in a fiddler crab 大闸蟹自体切除后性状再生和交配策略的影响

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae019

Pablo D Ribeiro, Nahuel E Farías, Emiliano H Ocampo, Jesús D Nuñez, Tomás A Luppi

{"title":"The influence of the post-autotomy regeneration of a sexual trait and mating tactics in a fiddler crab","authors":"Pablo D Ribeiro, Nahuel E Farías, Emiliano H Ocampo, Jesús D Nuñez, Tomás A Luppi","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae019","url":null,"abstract":"Male fiddler crabs own an enlarged claw which is a weapon and an ornament. The enlargement of this claw begins from the juvenile stage and continues throughout life. Males may voluntarily lose (i.e. autotomise) this claw. After several moults males may regenerate a new claw, called leptochelous, which acquires a similar length but a lower muscle mass area than the original one, called brachychelous. In some species, regenerated claws develop permanently as leptochelous, the population having two discrete claw morphologies. Other species present morphological variations with leptochelous and brachychelous being two ends of a continuum. In the species Leptuca uruguayensis, we studied the morphological variation of this enlarged claw, whether it may be caused by its regeneration at different male sizes, and its consequences on mating success. We found that claws could not be discriminated as discrete morphs, suggesting a morphological continuum from brachychelous to leptochelous. Regenerated claws in the laboratory were initially small and proportional to body size, while a field experiment confirmed that claw size is recovered after several moults. Morphological variation may be caused by energetic limitations where males of different sizes must differently trade-off between restitution of claw length (ornament function) or claw muscle area (weapon function). Fiddler crabs use two mating tactics with different levels of female choice. However, regardless of the mating tactic, leptochelous males were at a disadvantage at high densities, while not at low densities, suggesting that the consequences of autotomy and regeneration on mating success may depend on the social context.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140798859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The sound of fear is heritable 恐惧的声音是遗传的

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae021

Daniel T Blumstein, Natalie Vu, Megan Edic, Linh Vo, Julien G A Martin

引用次数: 0

Effects of captive-breeding conditions on metabolic and performance traits in an endangered, endemic cyprinidontiform fish 人工饲养条件对一种濒危特有鲤形目鱼类代谢和性能特征的影响

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae018

Guillem Masó, Emili García-Berthou, Roberto Merciai, Dani Latorre, Anna Vila-Gispert

{"title":"Effects of captive-breeding conditions on metabolic and performance traits in an endangered, endemic cyprinidontiform fish","authors":"Guillem Masó, Emili García-Berthou, Roberto Merciai, Dani Latorre, Anna Vila-Gispert","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae018","url":null,"abstract":"Captive breeding and stocking are commonly employed strategies for enhancing fisheries and conserving endangered fish species. However, hatchery-raised fish often exhibit reduced performance in the wild, displaying alterations in physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits. We tested for differences in swimming capacity and metabolic traits between wild and hatchery-reared individuals of the Spanish toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) from two different populations. Furthermore, we experimentally tested if these changes translated into fitness differences after their stocking into the wild. There were significant differences in swimming capacity and metabolic traits between wild and hatchery-reared individuals and also between the two populations. Captive-bred individuals displayed consistently lower metabolic rates than wild individuals from the same population (30-76% lower). Critical swimming speed rather differed between the two populations. Sex-specific differences were observed in maximum and standard metabolic rates, with wild individuals and females generally exhibiting higher values but with some exceptions. During a three-month experiment, survival rates did not significantly differ between wild and captive-bred fish. Captive-bred individuals started smaller but exhibited rapid growth during the experiment. Initially, larger captive-bred fish had lower body condition than their wild counterparts, but these differences progressively diminished. In summary, captive-bred individuals of this fish species showed lower metabolic rates, although the differences with wild individuals slightly depended on sex and size.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress conditions extend maternal care and delay juvenile development in crayfish 压力条件会延长母体对小龙虾的照顾并延迟幼体发育

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae017

Davinder Kaur, Koushik Das, Jan Kubec, Miloš Buřič

{"title":"Stress conditions extend maternal care and delay juvenile development in crayfish","authors":"Davinder Kaur, Koushik Das, Jan Kubec, Miloš Buřič","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae017","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal care in crayfish has been extensively studied, but little is known of its response to environmental factors. We studied the duration of maternal care and its association with the juvenile development of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis in adverse environmental conditions. We exposed females with developmental stage 3 juveniles to environments of low water volume (LW) with food provided, low water volume with no feed (starvation) (LWS), and low water volume without feeding plus an intruder (red swamp crayfish male) (LWSI). A control group with standard water level/feed conditions was included for comparison. Groups were monitored for up to 90 days. The LWS group showed significantly prolonged maternal care (~65 days) as indicated by an extended attachment phase, delayed moulting of mothers (~53 days), and retarded juvenile development. In the LWSI group, conflict precluded extended maternal care. Low use of shelter and feeding was evident under all stress conditions. The results showed that crayfish females modify maternal care in accordance with conditions, providing a longer period of safety for offspring under adverse circumstances. It is possible that the expression of maternal pheromones can manipulate the developmental rate in juveniles, a topic for future research.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual differences in bite force are not related to testosterone level in the wild-derived red junglefowl 野生红丛林鸟咬合力的性别差异与睾酮水平无关

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae016

Xiaodong Rao, Daiping Wang, Wei Liang

{"title":"Sexual differences in bite force are not related to testosterone level in the wild-derived red junglefowl","authors":"Xiaodong Rao, Daiping Wang, Wei Liang","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae016","url":null,"abstract":"Bite force is an important performance indicator of individual fitness that is closely related to food acquisition, male competition, and mating selection. It is also affected by a variety of factors and different mechanisms. Therefore, it is relatively difficult to understand the evolutionary driving forces of changes in bite force. In this study, the driving factors affecting the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl (Gallus gallus jabouillei) were investigated from the aspects of morphological indicators and physiological characteristics. Results showed that the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl was directly related to sex, showing obvious sexual differences. However, there was no correlation between the plasma testosterone level and bite force. The bite force of males was significantly greater than that of females, and the body index (i.e., PC1 of five body measures, namely body mass, body length, wing length, tail length and tarsus length), the grasp index (i.e., tomial length × bill width) of males were significantly greater than those of females. Sexual selection may have played a key role in the evolution of bite force in the red junglefowl. Future studies should examine other key factors affecting changes in bite force, to verify the correlation between secondary sexual characteristics and bite force in red junglefowls.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to explore a new environment: exploratory tactics of the black rat (Rattus rattus) 如何探索新环境：黑鼠的探索策略

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae015

Iveta Štolhoferová, Veronika Rudolfová, Hana Skalíková, Barbora Vobrubová, Daniel Frynta

{"title":"How to explore a new environment: exploratory tactics of the black rat (Rattus rattus)","authors":"Iveta Štolhoferová, Veronika Rudolfová, Hana Skalíková, Barbora Vobrubová, Daniel Frynta","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae015","url":null,"abstract":"The black rat (Rattus rattus) is a unique model for studying exploratory tactics due to its enormous colonizing potential. Considerable behavioral variability and consistent interindividual differences might help populations inhabit new environments and persist there even under intense pressure. Additionally, the affinity of the black rat for climbing might be another advantage, widening their potential niche. In this study, we describe the exploratory tactics of the black rats when introduced to a novel environment. In the first experiment, we tested 12 rats and calculated repeatability of their behaviors across 12 sessions of an enriched open field test. We concluded that climbing is a highly repeatable behavior that serves as an important source of interindividual variability. In the second experiment, we tested 24 black rats in a unique L-shaped arena. Each rat was tested twice. We found that the majority of rats distributed their activity evenly, exploring each part of the apparatus for a similar amount of time, thus maximizing their chances of finding resources. Nevertheless, these ‘even’ explorers still greatly differed in their level of activity, orderliness and affinity for climbing, generating large variability. In contrast, the minority of rats concentrated their activity only on a section of the new environment and were therefore characterized as selective explorers. Overall, we concluded that a combination of such exploratory tactics as well as a bias for even explorers enables black rats to quickly colonize new environments and persist there even under unfavorable conditions.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune stress and diet influence reproductive fitness in male tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) 免疫应激和饮食对雄性疣鼻天鹅（Sphenodon punctatus）生殖能力的影响

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae012

Sarah K Lamar, Diane K Ormsby, Nicola J Nelson

{"title":"Immune stress and diet influence reproductive fitness in male tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)","authors":"Sarah K Lamar, Diane K Ormsby, Nicola J Nelson","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae012","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical trade-off between immune and endocrine investment in mating animals has received mixed empirical support, particularly in reptiles. We investigated the relationship between male sexual characteristics, diet, and immune response to stress in an island population of tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) across two mating seasons. Tuatara are promiscuous with a highly skewed mating system where males face significant competition for access to mates and post-copulatory competition for fertilisation success. We found that tuatara sperm viability and swim speed were negatively associated with the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes and with male body condition. Additionally, sperm swim speed was negatively associated with spine area, mite load, and the total number of circulating white blood cells, but was positively associated with tick number, likely a function of social dynamics in this system where larger male size predicts greater spatial overlap with potential rivals and increased tick load. Because the production of sexual characteristics may be costly, we also investigated the effect of diet on sperm quality. We did not identify an association between diet and sperm viability. However, sperm swim speed was negatively associated with carbon-13 and positively associated with nitrogen-15. We suspect that these results reflect the influence of seabird-based nutrients in this island ecosystem, particularly poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant damage on this tuatara sperm. In total, these results provide evidence of a trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory sexual characteristics and the immune and endocrine systems in male tuatara.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Play In African Savannah Elephants May Inform Selection Against Aggression 非洲草原象的社交游戏可能会影响它们的攻击性选择

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae009

Ivan Norscia, Martin Hecker, Marta Caselli, Edoardo Collarini, Beatriz Gallego Aldama, Santiago Borragán Santos, Giada Cordoni

{"title":"Social Play In African Savannah Elephants May Inform Selection Against Aggression","authors":"Ivan Norscia, Martin Hecker, Marta Caselli, Edoardo Collarini, Beatriz Gallego Aldama, Santiago Borragán Santos, Giada Cordoni","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae009","url":null,"abstract":"In social groups, competition for individual advantage is balanced with cooperation, for the collective benefit. Selection against aggression has favoured cooperation and non-aggressive competitive strategies. Because social play is a behavioural system that fluctuates between cooperation and competition, selection against aggression might have especially influenced this behaviour. African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are a low aggressive species, therefore suitable to investigate this aspect. We collected all occurrences observational audio-video data on social play, aggression/threats, and affiliation on an African elephant colony housed in a 25-ha open space at Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabarceno (Cantabria, Spain) and composed of four family groups (3 immature males, 3 immature females, and 7 adult females) and two adult males. Anticipating the influence of reduced aggression, we found that social play decreased with age, persisting in adults, and that it was highest in males. Social play was associated with affiliation (informing cooperation). Indeed, individuals that were central in the social play network were also central in the affiliation network. For immature subjects, we found a correlation between social play and affiliation sociomatrices. However, such correlation was absent in adults and social play mostly occurred between families. Despite the limitations related to dealing with a small captive group, this study largely supports the idea that the features of social play in African savannah elephants may be related to low aggression. This investigation hints toward a non purely cooperative use of play, possibly as a non-aggressive interaction that accommodates different levels of cooperation and competition.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea 为减轻陆上风电场对黄海多维水鸟多样性的影响确定景观优先次序

IF 2.2 2区生物学

Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoae008

Shanshan Zhao, Huan Xu, Tianhou Wang, Hepeng Li, Xiuzhen Li, Ningning Liu, Xiao Song, Feng Guan, Xuechu Chen, Aichun Xu, Ben Li

{"title":"Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea","authors":"Shanshan Zhao, Huan Xu, Tianhou Wang, Hepeng Li, Xiuzhen Li, Ningning Liu, Xiao Song, Feng Guan, Xuechu Chen, Aichun Xu, Ben Li","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoae008","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing wind energy developments play a key role in mitigating the global effects of climate change and the energy crisis; however, they have complex ecological consequences for many flying animals. The Yellow Sea coast is considered as an ecological bottleneck for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian flyway (EAAF), and is also an important wind farm base in China. However, the effects of large-scale onshore wind farms along the EAAF on multidimensional waterbird diversity, and how to mitigate these effects, remain unclear. Here we examined how wind farms and their surrounding landscapes affected multidimensional waterbird diversity along the Yellow Sea coast. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of the waterbird assemblages, and mean pairwise distances and nearest taxon distances with null models were quantified in relation to four different wind turbine densities. We also measured six landscape variables. Multi-dimensional waterbird diversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) significantly decreased with increasing wind turbine density. Functional and phylogenetic structures tended to be clustered in waterbird communities, and environmental filtering drove waterbird community assemblages. Furthermore, waterbird diversity was regulated by a combination of wind turbine density and landscape variables, with edge density of aquaculture ponds, in addition to wind turbine density, having the greatest independent contribution to waterbird diversity. These results suggest that attempts to mitigate the impact of wind farms on waterbird diversity could involve the landscape transformation of wind farm regions, e.g., by including high-edge-density aquaculture ponds (i.e. industrial ponds) around wind farms, instead of traditional low-edge-density aquaculture ponds.","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0