Current Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of parthenogenetic reproduction in Caucasian rock lizards: A review.","authors":"Marine Arakelyan,&nbsp;Victor Spangenberg,&nbsp;Varos Petrosyan,&nbsp;Alexey Ryskov,&nbsp;Oksana Kolomiets,&nbsp;Eduard Galoyan","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite numerous works devoted to hybrid origin of parthenogenesis in reptiles, the causes of hybridization between different species, resulting in the origin of parthenogenetic forms, remain uncertain. Recent studies demonstrate that sexual species considered parental to parthenogenetic rock lizards (<i>Darevskia</i> spp.) avoid interspecific mating in the secondary overlap areas. A specific combination of environmental factors during last glaciation period was critical for ectotherms, which led to a change in their distribution and sex ratio. Biased population structure (e.g., male bias) and limited available distributional range favored the deviation of reproductive behavior when species switched to interspecific mates. To date, at least 7 diploid parthenogenetic species of rock lizards (<i>Darevskia</i>, Lacertidae) originated through interspecific hybridization in the past. The cytogenetic specifics of meiosis, in particular the weak checkpoints of prophase I, may have allowed the formation of hybrid karyotypes in rock lizards. Hybridization and polyploidization are 2 important evolutionary forces in the genus <i>Darevskia</i>. At present, throughout backcrossing between parthenogenetic and parental species, the triploid and tetraploid hybrid individuals appear annually, but no triploid species found among <i>Darevskia</i> spp. on current stage of evolution. The speciation by hybridization with the long-term stage of diploid parthenogenetic species, non-distorted meiosis, together with the high ecological plasticity of Caucasian rock lizards provide us with a new model for considering the pathways and persistence of the evolution of parthenogenesis in vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/dd/zoac036.PMC10120964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral disease is linked to low nestling condition and brood size in a raptor species living in a highly modified environment.","authors":"Guillermo Blanco,&nbsp;Óscar Frías,&nbsp;Aida Pitarch,&nbsp;Martina Carrete","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic stressors can favor the occurrence of noninfectious disease that can be worsened by the impact of opportunistic pathogens, making the epizootiology of environmental diseases difficult to unravel. The incidence and impact of oral lesions in nestlings of a facultative scavenger species, the black kite <i>Milvus migrans</i>, were examined over seven breeding seasons in the highly degraded environment close to Madrid, Spain. We found an overall prevalence of 31% of nestlings with oral lesions, with no clear spatial pattern in nests with affected and unaffected individuals. The occurrence and number of oral lesions were negatively associated with nestling body condition and brood size. Broods, where all siblings had oral lesions, were smaller than those where some or all siblings were apparently healthy, suggesting that oral disease could be causing nestling mortality and, consequently, brood size reduction. In turn, nestling body condition was negatively affected by lesion occurrence, brood size, and laying date. Although these relationships were bidirectional, piecewise structural equation modeling analyses showed a greater negative effect of body condition on lesion occurrence than vice versa, indicating that nestlings in poorer body condition were more likely to develop oral lesions (which could contribute to aggravate their state of deterioration) than those in better condition. Nestlings from small broods were also more likely to have oral disease (directly or indirectly through their lower body condition) than nestlings from large broods. Nestlings that hatched last in the broods showed greater development stress than those that hatched first. Anthropogenic stressors could trigger poor body condition, and contribute to microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases. Although further research is needed to determine the consequences for the long-term fitness of individuals, actions should be taken to mitigate adverse conditions that may favor the appearance of environmental diseases associated with peri-urban areas, given their rapid expansion over natural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/fe/zoac025.PMC10120997.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple aspects of the maternal reproductive investment in a polytocous species: What do mothers really control?","authors":"Rudy Brogi,&nbsp;Roberta Chirichella,&nbsp;Enrico Merli,&nbsp;Marco Apollonio","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the factors facilitating the expansion and proliferation of wild boar <i>Sus scrofa</i> is the plasticity of its reproductive biology. Nevertheless, the real influence of maternal and environmental factors on number and sex of the offspring is still controversial. While the litter size was shown to be related with the maternal condition, the strength of this relation remains to be understood, together with the possible role played by environmental conditions. Analogously, it is unclear whether wild boar females can adjust their offspring sex. We investigated multiple aspects of wild boar maternal investment by means of a 10-year dataset of female reproductive traits and a set of biologically meaningful environmental variables. The maternal condition slightly affected the litter size but not the offspring sex, and environment did not affect the litter size or the offspring sex. Moreover, mothers did not cope with the higher costs entailed by producing sons by placing them in the most advantageous intrauterine position, nor by allocating less resources on daughters. Our set of results showed that the female reproductive investment is quite rigid in comparison with other aspects of wild boar reproductive biology. Wild boar females seem to adopt a typical r-strategy, producing constantly large litters and allocating resources on both sexes regardless of internal and external conditions. Such strategy may be adaptive to cope with environmental unpredictability and an intense human harvest, contributing to explain the extreme success of wild boar within human-dominated landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/39/zoac034.PMC10120990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social buffer or avoidance depends on the similarity of stress between queen ants.","authors":"Iago Sanmartín-Villar","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association of unrelated ant queens (pleometrosis) is supposed to improve nest foundation and competitiveness under environmental stress, but its evolutionary maintenance is difficult to explain because only one of the queens survives after nest foundation. My aim was to test the potential effect of queen association as a social buffer, that is, as a mechanism reducing stress and improving fitness due to the benefits of social contact. I analyzed the survival, fecundity, and behavior of isolated and paired <i>Lasius flavus</i> queens exposed and not exposed to stressors (disturbing environmental conditions). I found no difference in survivorship between isolated and paired queens or between stressed and unstressed isolated queens. Groups in which 1 or 2 paired queens were stressed showed higher mortality. Unstressed queens died similarly to their stressed nestmates, suggesting stress transmission. A trend suggested that paired queens produced eggs more quickly, but eggs were produced similarly between isolated and paired queens. Social avoidance was observed in groups with 1 stressed and 1 unstressed queen. However, the groups with 2 stressed queens showed the expected behaviors according to social buffering: lower mobility and more interindividual inspection. My findings suggest the synergistic effect of pleometrosis and stress and the dependence of stress level similarity between nestmates on social buffering or rejection on ant queens.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"181-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/71/e7/zoac031.PMC10120981.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors note.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoab035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoab035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/dc/zoab035.PMC10120993.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local mate competition model alone cannot predict the offspring sex ratio in large and dense populations of a haplodiploid arthropod.","authors":"Nuwan Weerawansha,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Xiong Zhao He","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac022","url":null,"abstract":"aSchool of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and bFaculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Road, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka *Address correspondence to Xiong Zhao He. E-mail: x.z.he@massey.ac.nz. Handling Editor: Zhi-Yun Jia","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"219-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/af/9c/zoac022.PMC10120961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Bigger or long-winged male common crossbills exhibit redder carotenoid-based plumage coloration.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac038.].</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/aa/zoac085.PMC10120977.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation in microhabitat selection in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders.","authors":"Chunlin Zhao,&nbsp;Jianyi Feng,&nbsp;Zijian Sun,&nbsp;Wei Zhu,&nbsp;Jiang Chang,&nbsp;Wenbo Fan,&nbsp;Jianping Jiang,&nbsp;Bisong Yue,&nbsp;Tian Zhao","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reintroduction of captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders is a primary approach for restoring wild populations. Despite previous studies have investigated the habitat preferences of reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders, the intraspecific variation in their habitat selection has been neglected. In the present study, 30 captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders belonging to 3 groups (i.e., 10 males, 10 females, and 10 juveniles) were released into a montane stream to explore whether intraspecific variation in habitat selection occurred in this species using radiotelemetry. Our results indicated that linear home range and daily movement of males were significantly higher than those of females and juveniles. Male sedentariness was significantly lower than that of females and juveniles. No significant differences were detected between females and juveniles in these measures. Importantly, we found that males preferred microhabitats with low water conductivity and deep water depth. Females preferred microhabitats with high water conductivity, low dissolved oxygen and ammonium-nitrogen, and slow current velocity, while juveniles occupied microhabitats with low ammonium-nitrogen. In addition, males and juveniles exhibited higher niche breadth than females. Niche overlap was high between adults and juveniles but low between males and females. Our study revealed the presence of spatial segregation in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders. Males, females, and juveniles exhibited variation in microhabitat selection. These results provide important information for use when planning strategies for conservation of Chinese giant salamanders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/59/b2/zoac028.PMC10120992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional significance of residual yolk in lizards.","authors":"Kun Guo,&nbsp;Cai-Feng Wang,&nbsp;Yu Du,&nbsp;Yan-Fu Qu,&nbsp;Florentino Braña,&nbsp;Xiang Ji","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoac098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residual yolk is assumed to be an important source of energy and nutrients during early life in nonmammalian amniotes. Available data show that the mean size of residual yolk is far smaller in lizards than in turtles, snakes, crocodiles, and birds, raising a question of whether residual yolk is of functional significance in lizards. Here, we compared data from 26 lizard species with those from other nonmammalian amniotes to test the hypothesis that residual yolk is functionally less significant in species producing more fully developed offspring. In our sample, species mean offspring water contents ranged from 73% to 84% of body wet mass; species mean proportions of carcass dry mass, fat-body dry mass, and residual yolk dry mass to offspring dry mass ranged from 84% to 99%, 0% to 5.0%, and 0% to 14.4%, respectively. Lizards are, on average, more fully developed at hatching or birth than snakes, as revealed by the fact that the mean proportion of carcass dry mass to body dry mass and offspring water contents were both higher in lizards than in snakes. We conclude that the functional significance of residual yolk during early life is generally less evident in lizards. Even in the lizards where residual yolk is of potential functional significance, this portion of yolk contributes little, if any, to postembryonic growth. Future work could usefully collect data across a wider spectrum of reptile taxa to establish a precocial-altricial continuum and test the hypothesis that species with a smaller amount of residual yolk are closer to the precocial end of the continuum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/5c/zoac098.PMC10120983.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9382383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The problem and promise of scale in multilayer animal social networks.","authors":"Alec L Robitaille,&nbsp;Quinn M R Webber,&nbsp;Julie W Turner,&nbsp;Eric Vander Wal","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoab068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoab068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa052.].</p>","PeriodicalId":50599,"journal":{"name":"Current Zoology","volume":"69 2","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/41/zoab068.PMC10120955.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}