Developing World Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Conceptual and empirical reflection provide more arguments for the centrality of extreme poverty in COVID-19 vaccination: A reply to Abal and Zeledón-Ramírez et al.","authors":"Carlos Augusto Yabar","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 3","pages":"209-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10182567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Justice: Inequalities in the Global South","authors":"Ilana Ambrogi MD, PhD, Gabriela Arguedas-Ramírez PharmD, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this special issue on <i>Reproductive Justice: Inequalities in the Global South</i> we hope to promote academic discussions that shift the focus towards a plurality of global South perspectives on issues related to reproductive justice (RJ). The goal is at least two-fold: to promote a space for counterhegemonic analyses and to expand the dialogue on reproductive justice. This special issue covers a wide range of themes and research questions, as well as a diverse participation of scholars working in the intersection between bioethics, reproduction, healthcare, pandemics and epidemics, and public policy. We hope that the concept of reproductive justice, itself, will continue to promote academic and activist conversations and debates that de-normalize and de-naturalize hegemonic power structures and practices in science, healthcare and academia. It is in that spirit that the papers in this special issue contribute, in one way or another, to the task of asking questions from counterhegemonic, anti-racist and feminist perspectives.</p><p>The concept of reproductive justice is known to have been coined in 1994 by a group of black women and women of color in Chicago as they prepared for the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo.1 As bioethicists from the global South, we would like to draw attention that other black women led movements around the same time that were happening elsewhere (in Brazil, for instance) and invite all to wonder about how knowledge is produced and promoted and how ideas coalesce in different ways depending on the circumstances.</p><p>In August 1993, also in preparation for the Cairo conference, a group of Brazilian black women convened for the National Seminar on Politics and Reproductive Rights of Black Women [English translation].2 This meeting resulted in the “Declaração de Itapecirica da Serra das Mulheres Negras Brasileiras”,3 - in English, the “Declaration of Itapecerica da Serra of Black Brazilian Women”.4 At this meeting they stated that: ““<i>We, black women, consider that the State has the task of guaranteeing the necessary conditions so that Brazilians, women, <b>and in particular black Brazilian women, can exercise their sexuality and their reproductive rights, controlling their own fertility, to have or not to have the children they want, guaranteeing access to good quality health services, care for pregnancy, childbirth and abortion</b></i>.” [English translation].5 They also made it clear that “<i><b>The guarantee of reproductive rights presupposes the guarantee of broad citizenship rights…</b></i>” [English translation]6 which included employment, housing, education and safety, ethical and interdisciplinary education and training for healthcare providers, and democratization on information access among other public policy demands.</p><p>As we rarely hear, or do not hear at all, about how Brazilian black women might have, or not, contributed to the concept of reproductive justice, t","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 2","pages":"91-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.12404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9732473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children as participants in health research in South Africa: A response to Labuschaigne, Mahomed and Dhai","authors":"Dusty-Lee Donnelly,&nbsp;Donrich W Thaldar","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A complex network of ethico-legal rules makes it difficult for health researchers in South Africa to <i>lawfully</i> recruit adolescents to the kinds of sensitive studies where it may be <i>ethically</i> appropriate to proceed without notifying parents or obtaining parental consent. This article responds to a recent proposal to amend the blanket requirement for mandatory parental consent presently contained in section 71 the South African National Health Act 61 of 2003 [NHA]. The proposed amendment is intended to bring the NHA into alignment with South Africa's 2015 Department of Health Guidelines on Ethics in Health Research by permitting greater flexibility for a health research ethics committee to waive parental consent, and permit adolescents to consent independently. A lacuna in this proposal is highlighted with reference to the requirements of South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 [POPIA]: Even if the NHA is amended as proposed, the goal of aligning South African law with prevailing ethics norms in South Africa would not necessarily be attained, as parental consent may still be required by POPIA. This article investigates whether this goal (of aligning the law with ethics) can be attained in a way that is compliant with POPIA. It is concluded that this is indeed possible in a number of ways, and that the best way to attain this goal is by requesting the South African Information Regulator to issue a guidance note to the effect that all health research projects that are approved by institutional health research ethics committees are to be regarded as being in the public interest, which would qualify such health research projects to be exempted from POPIA's consent requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"24 3","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whose autonomy, whose interests? A donor-focused analysis of surrogacy and egg donation from the global South","authors":"Aireen Grace Andal","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides a donor-focused analysis of how transnational reproductive donation intersects with issues central to bodily autonomy of surrogates and egg donors from the global South. Little is known about the autonomy of surrogates and egg donors, especially among those from the global South. This article addresses this gap by examining two key issues on surrogacy and egg donation—conflict of interest and recruitment market. With these issues, this paper presents contexts of the reproductive body as a space of contestation for autonomy. Analysis reveals that bodily autonomy is not an absolute entitlement available for surrogates and egg donors from the global South. Having bodily autonomy is a privileged disposition rather than a universal liberty for reproductive donors. The discussions in this work encourage further examination to understand the multi-layered experiences of reproductive donors from the global South, towards deeper interrogation of the processes of reproductive industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 2","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.12401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting African thought with Migrant Indigenous Knowledge on dead human bodies research","authors":"Jan Gresil Kahambing","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 3","pages":"207-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining state-led distribution with a parallel market-based distribution to improve COVID-19 vaccine distribution","authors":"Manuel Zeledón-Ramírez,&nbsp;Timothy Daly,&nbsp;Luis García-Valiña","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12399","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 3","pages":"203-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betting against pandemics: Ethical implications of the “COVID Claimania” in Taiwan, 2020-2022","authors":"Ming-Jui Yeh,&nbsp;Yi-Zheng Liao","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among measures tackling the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the selling of private insurance policies covering individual infection is overlooked by the ethics literature. To record the “COVID Claimania” in Taiwan and to assess its ethical implications, we collected 38 policies from 10 insurers sold between January 2020 and May 2022 and found that their risk calculation of the COVID-19 prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 11.08%. In reality, the prevalence by the end of 2022 was 37% in Taiwan. Selling private insurance policies is ethically problematic in three ways. First, it represents the insurance industry's irresponsible risk-taking profit-seeking behaviors. Second, it would jeopardize the effectiveness of the disease-prevention measures by inducing uncontrollable moral hazards. Third, it would expose the insurance companies to unbearable financial risks and cause substantial negative external impacts. The government should intervene in the private insurance market in preparation for future public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"24 3","pages":"254-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9097479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From extreme poverty to vulnerability in COVID-19 vaccine priority","authors":"Federico Germán Abal","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 3","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10187206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Letter as an accessible forum for developing world bioethics trainees","authors":"Timothy Daly","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"23 3","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10187208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Malaysia's health research ethics system through a stakeholder driven approach","authors":"Sean Tackett,&nbsp;Chirk Jenn Ng,&nbsp;Jeremy Sugarman,&nbsp;Esther Gnanamalar Sarojini Daniel,&nbsp;Nishakanthi Gopalan,&nbsp;Tivyashinee Tivyashinee,&nbsp;Adeeba Kamarulzaman,&nbsp;Joseph Ali","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12396","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The need to understand the systems that support ethical health research has long been recognized, but there are limited descriptions of actual health research ethics (HRE) systems. Using participatory network mapping methods, we empirically defined Malaysia's HRE system. 13 Malaysian stakeholders identified 4 overarching and 25 specific HRE system functions and 35 actors internal and 3 external to the Malaysian HRE system responsible for those functions. Functions requiring the most attention were: advising on legislation related to HRE; optimizing research value to society; and defining standards for HRE oversight. Internal actors with the greatest potential for more influence were: the national network of research ethics committees; non-institution-based research ethics committees; and research participants. The World Health Organization, an external actor, had the largest untapped potential for influence overall. In summary, this stakeholder-driven process identified HRE system functions and actors that could be targeted to increase HRE system capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"24 2","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10474241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}