Developing World Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Should people be able to have access to medical assistance in dying to avoid living with Alzheimer's? Opinions from Mexico and Colombia.","authors":"Asunción Álvarez Del Río, Fabiola Orihuela-Cortés, Ma Del Pilar Santacruz-Ortega, Ma Luisa Marván","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing population aging is accompanied by a growing fear of suffering dementia. Four hundred and thirty-six Mexican and Colombian adults completed a survey about their opinion on Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) for patients with dementia, both in the early stage of the disease and in the advanced stage through an advance directive. In Colombia, MAID is allowed while in Mexico it is banned. The main reasons given by those who agreed with MAID were \"right to decide\" and \"avoiding suffering.\" Religious beliefs were the main reason for disagreeing. More Mexicans than Colombians agreed with MAID possibly because Mexicans showed a lower degree of religiosity, and also possibly because there are religious movements against euthanasia in Colombia. The results were discussed considering the current debate about MAID in cases of dementia in general, and about requesting it through an advance directive for patients in the advanced stage of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What in the world is global health? A conceptual analysis.","authors":"Alberto Giubilini","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article suggests that the concept of global health - and to an extent the field that it designates - is problematic in various ways. Within public health, the concept of the 'public' has been widely investigated. However, \"global health\" has been introduced in academic, policy, and public discussion with comparably lower level of conceptual, philosophical scrutiny. Thus, while public health ethics addresses the ethical and political issues that the different meanings of 'public' allow to identify, global health ethics tends to leave ethical and political issues raised by the concept of 'global health' implicit and insufficiently analysed. I will briefly present the debate around the 'public' in public health, describing some of the ethical and political questions that might arise, depending on what 'public' is taken to mean. I will then use this discussion as a conceptual map for an analogous analysis of the concept of 'global' in global health. I will discuss what dimensions 'global' adds to the concept of 'public'. In the second part of the article, I will briefly introduce the philosophical debate on the concept of health, before suggesting that its cultural sensitivity makes it ill-suited to be qualified as 'global'. All in all, this article wants to bring to light the ethical implications that the terminology of 'global health' introduces in academic research and public policy that goes under that heading, as a first step towards better defining the ethical contours of this discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the bioethical dialogue on abandoned cryopreserved embryos in South Africa.","authors":"Carlos M Ardila","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why the South African National Health Research Ethics Council is wrong about ownership of human biological material and data.","authors":"Donrich Thaldar, Uyanda Maboea, Amy Gooden","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The South African National Health Research Ethics Council (NHREC) states in its 2024 Ethics Guidelines that human biological material (HBM) and data cannot be privately owned under South African law. This position conflicts with established legal principles, guidelines by the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), and South African university policies, all of which support private ownership of HBM and data. Private ownership is not only legally sound but also ethically necessary, providing a framework for accountability, ensuring fair recognition of institutional contributions, and enabling responsible custodianship over these valuable resources. The NHREC's denial of private ownership of HBM and data undermines South African research institutions' ability to control their research assets and leaves them vulnerable to exploitation by foreign entities. The NHREC should issue a corrigendum to delete its incorrect position on private ownership of HBM and data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quarter of a century Developing World Bioethics – An invitation to you, our readers","authors":"Udo Schuklenk","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12476","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;When Willem Landman and I both met in South Africa twenty-five years ago - he a recent returnee from a lengthy stint as a bioethics professor in the United States, and me, an expat academic on a mission to establish a new bioethics unit at the Wits University's Faculty of Health Sciences in Johannesburg - we both agreed that we ought to do something about the lack of quality bioethics content relevant to but also from the global south. Research ethics training programmes, for instance, that were conducted by WHO and other international groups consisted at the time very much of content produced by well-meaning faculty in the global north and were directed at faculty in the global south. These activities, well-intentioned as they were, also constituted arguably ideology transfer in matters deemed ethics. There was little ‘homegrown’ academic bioethics capacity to speak of.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Much has thankfully changed since then. Flourishing bioethics programmes exist across the globe in the global south. Not to the same extent as in the global north, but they do exist, and they make their existence known both at home as well as on the international stage. There is still a somewhat uncomfortable dependence on the largesse of wealthy international funders to be reported, in terms of what research is undertaken, for instance. However, many programmes succeed today as their counterparts in the global north succeed, by teaching health sciences and life sciences students bioethics and medical ethics. ‘Hard money’ earned through teaching in universities matters as much in the global south as it matters in the global north!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Developing World Bioethics&lt;/i&gt; has been the target of some criticism because we made clear some years ago that we would not publish content of a religious nature such as, for instance, interpretations of particular religious scriptures. We still see ourselves in a tradition that understands ethics as an impartial enterprise seeking universal ethical truths. They cannot be found in sectarian approaches to ethics. Strangely, among the charges leveled against us were ‘colonialism’ and ‘epistemic injustice’. Let me merely note regarding the former, the religious content we have received over the years invariably was content unthinkable without the influence of colonialism that spread monotheistic ideologies (often violently) across continents. And while the ‘epistemic injustice’ charge tends to also be deployed liberally by critics, it's never quite clearly what it actually entails with regard to this journal, and how it is applicable to us, if at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, given that bioethics is no longer ‘virgin’ territory in the global south, it seems right for us, as the co-editors of &lt;i&gt;Developing World Bioethics&lt;/i&gt;, to ask you, our readers, what kinds of content you would like to see in the journal. What topics do you think have authors, who submitted their content successful upon review to the journal, neglected? Why do you think those t","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical ethics on research-related organ donation and transplantation in China","authors":"Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke,&nbsp;Tao-Hsin Tung","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12474","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-use research assessment in emerging medical biotechnology: An ethical perspective from China.","authors":"Xiaonan Wang, Xiaomei Zhai","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging medical biotechnology, with its dual-use nature, presents both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for human society. As we benefit from technological innovation, it is crucial for Chinese academics and policymakers to effectively identify and address potential risks. However, the current framework for evaluating dual-use research faces multiple challenges, including difficulties in identifying dual-use issues, a lack of consideration for broader impacts in assessments, and a lack of consensus on balancing benefits and risks. Furthermore, inadequacies in the review mechanism, such as uneven progress among institutions, insufficient review capabilities, and lacking specialized knowledge among assessment personnel, hamper the effectiveness of evaluation efforts. This article aims to explore these challenges and propose practical recommendations for strengthening the evaluation and governance mechanisms of dual-use research. By effectively mitigating the risks associated with dual-use research, it facilitates the promotion of responsible scientific progress in emerging medical biotechnologies in China and internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THANK YOU TO DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS REVIEWERS","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"24 4","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of implementing the elective oocyte cryopreservation in China: A case study.","authors":"Yijing Xie, Xiaomei Zhai","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In China, a prominent case exists wherein a medically fit woman filed a lawsuit against a hospital for denying her request to undergo oocyte cryopreservation. She contended the hospital had infringed upon her rights. This paper focuses on medicalization and gender equality to discuss whether or not a hospital can infringe upon a woman's rights. We believe elective oocyte cryopreservation is not a medical treatment and it may lead to an overwhelming utilization of extensive medical resources. Reproductive medicine may face the risk of resource commercialization due to the practice of selective egg freezing. There are physiological disparities between males and females. The ability of men to cryopreserve sperm does not necessarily extend to a woman's capacity for oocyte cryopreservation. We contend that the application of this technology should continue to adhere to the principle of prudence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults aged 65 years and older in South Africa have a responsibility to vaccinate against influenza.","authors":"Ruach Sarangarajan, Cornelius Ewuoso","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we draw on the thinking about incompleteness and conviviality grounded in Afro-communitarianism ethics from the Global South to argue that adults aged 65 years and above have a prima facie responsibility to vaccinate against influenza. Notably, adults aged 65 years and above have a duty of conviviality to act in ways that limit harm to them and others. This article is intrinsically valuable to promote epistemic justice, thereby contributing towards the decolonisation of the global healthcare system. Moreover, this project has social significance in contributing to mitigation efforts against future public health challenges associated with population ageing in resource-limited developing African nations, wherein the impact of population transition will be felt most.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}