Developing World Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"From COVID-19 to mpox vaccine hoarding - Has the Global North learned its global health lessons?","authors":"Udo Schuklenk","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral challenges and understanding of clinical ethics in Tanzanian hospitals: Perspectives of healthcare professionals.","authors":"Shija Kevin Kuhumba, Bert A C Molewijk, Jan Helge Solbakk, Nandera Ernest Mhando, Trygve Johannes Lereim Sævareid","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare professionals encounter many moral challenges in their daily clinical practice. However, there have been few studies on the subject matter in Tanzania. This study aims to provide an account of moral challenges faced by healthcare professionals in Tanzanian hospitals, their understanding of clinical ethics, and the ethics education they have received. Many participants reported receiving some kind of ethics training through formal education and on-the-job training. Some participants understood ethics in healthcare settings as adherence to established laws, regulations, guidelines, procedures, norms, and rules essential in clinical practice. Analysis of the data identified four themes of moral challenges. These challenges are related to 1) decision-making and communication in clinical practice, 2) scarcity of medical resources and prioritization in clinical practice, 3) withdrawal of curative treatment, and 4) conflicts between professional judgment, religious convictions and adherence to alternative treatments. Based on the findings, we suggest a context-sensitive form of clinical ethics training to prepare healthcare professionals to recognize and address these moral challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous Peoples' human genomic sovereignty: Lessons for Africa.","authors":"Faith Kabata","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human genomics research with indigenous peoples has often been characterised by tension between the 'western' science ideologies and indigenous peoples' cultural beliefs in relation to their human genetic resources and data. This article explores this tension from the lens of the concept of indigenous peoples' human genomic sovereignty and tests the applicability of the concept in Africa. The article achieves this by first highlighting the tension between 'western' science and indigenous peoples through three case studies from Canada, the USA, and South Africa. It then analyses indigenous peoples' human genomic sovereignty in the USA and Canada and compares it with the notion of indigenous peoples' sovereignty in Africa. The article concludes by highlighting lessons that indigenous groups in Africa can draw from the USA and Canada in their quest for human genomic sovereignty.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review of the ethical regulations for Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementia research in Africa.","authors":"Aminu Yakubu, Isaac Adedeji, Ayodele Jegede, Diana Mendoza-Carvantes, Clement Adebamowo","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a scoping review to ascertain the landscape of ethics regulations for AD/ADRD research in Africa using Arksey and O'Malley's framework. We sourced regulations from the International Compilation of Human Research Standards. We included regulations from 14 countries published between 1997 and 2020. Provisions in the regulations applicable to research in AD/ADRD were part of broader sub-provisions for research such as with persons under legal disability. Regulations mostly required the appointment of Legally Authorised Representatives, as a major protection for persons with AD/ADRD. Provisions supporting capacity assessment and advance directives were only provided in regulations from five and two countries respectively. No regulation cited the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a foundational instrument for its provisions. In conclusion, regulations specifically applicable to research among AD/ADRD or other cognitively impaired persons in Africa are scarce and provisions in existing regulations mostly lack specificity for practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical analysis of informed consent methods in longitudinal cohort studies: A Chinese perspective","authors":"Kun Li, Mingtao Huang, Xiaomei Zhai, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12460","url":null,"abstract":"In longitudinal cohort studies involving large populations over extended periods, informed consent entails numerous urgent challenges. This paper explores challenges regarding informed consent in long‐term, large‐scale longitudinal cohort studies based on the longitudinal and dynamic nature of such research. It analyzes and evaluates widely recognized broad consent and dynamic consent methods, highlighting limitations concerning their ability to adapt to evolving research objectives and participant perspectives. This paper discusses trust‐based informed consent and emphasizes the needs to establish and maintain trust with research participants and to balance information disclosure with respect for participants' autonomy. Informed consent in long‐term studies is an evolving process that must adapt to changing research environments. Based on participant trust, researchers should observe and assess potential research risks. Finally, the paper recommends enhancing institutional credibility, implementing reconsent procedures, and ensuring robust ethical oversight to safeguard participants' rights despite the complexity of modern biomedical research.","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social disharmony, inauthenticity and patriarchy: an Ubuntu perspective on the practice of female genital mutilation.","authors":"Tauseef Ahmad Ally, Lizeka Amanda Tandwa","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a universal issue which affects girls in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America, and immigrant communities in Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. FGM is a cultural practice in approximately 29 countries in Africa, affecting over 140 million girls. FGM is practiced as a rite of passage, where girls are initiated into womanhood. This practice is promoted as a means for incorporation, thus ascribing personhood, and belonging for girls to their communities. African scholars hold conflicting positions about FGM, with some arguing that it is essential for relational fullness and harmony. While others believe FGM is unjustified because of the health and social risks associated with the practice. We argue, applying sustainable social harmony and Gyekye's views on cultural revitalization, that FGM is morally unjustified and should be prohibited. We believe the claims that FGM fosters harmony, a value of Ubuntu, are fallacious, and this perceived harmony is pretentious and unsustainable. We claim that FGM is inauthentic, unjust and steeped in patriarchal underpinnings that are unsustainable, thus it is a disharmonious practice. Cultural practices that are disharmonious should be refined and pruned and must be dynamic and responsive to current realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche fever in Brazil: When the time is now","authors":"Debora Diniz,&nbsp;Luciana Brito,&nbsp;Giselle Carino,&nbsp;Alessandra Hora dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.12463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;“We have the right to be informed of the latest scientific learnings in real time. Ultimately, it falls upon us to inform and care for these families, women, and children”, states Alessandra Hora dos Santos, who cosigns this editorial. Ms. Hora dos Santos oversees one of the several community-level non-governmental organizations created to safeguard the needs and rights of women and their children affected by the Zika virus in Brazil, “Família de Anjos”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brazil has a public health system, but the needs of children with Zika congenital syndrome are diverse and demand a strong connection between providers and facilities: from adapted transportation for mobility to daily physiotherapy, from access to home care for more dependent children to access to high-cost medicines. Família de Anjos leads political advocacy to prioritize Zika-affected children's treatment and offers some public-private partnership services. They connect around 400 women and their families in Alagoas, a small state in the poor Northeast, where Zika has hit communities dramatically since 2015.1 When Ms. Hora dos Santos emphasizes the organization's role in providing care, she highlights how the experience of health emergencies has different timings for communities and policies, for the lived experience of people and the abstraction of numbers. While an epidemic may be over in terms of health policies and surveillance guidelines, it can be a long-lasting experience for those most affected by it.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brazil has been the epicenter of two significant public health emergencies that have had a profound impact on women of reproductive age. The initial outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in 2015, with a subsequent decline in new cases over the past six years. However, the risk to women residing in endemic mosquito zones persists. Ms. Hora's organization has received approximately eight cases of Zika-affected children each year since the epidemic was declared to be over by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The second health emergency was the global pandemic of the Covid-19 virus, which has resulted in elevated maternal mortality rates in the same zones as those most affected by Zika.3 Moreover, children with Zika faced interrupted treatment during the pandemic due to the lack of services, medicines, and social distancing.4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In July 2024, a new threat emerged in the conversations of the WhatsApp groups in which Ms. Hora participated with other women: Oropouche fever. The Oropouche virus has been circulating in Brazil for several decades mostly confined to the North region but has recently migrated to different parts of the country due to environmental changes. The vectors are another well-known mosquito in the communities, where the first cases of adult deaths, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or the birth of newborns with microcephaly –all tell-tale signs of Oropouche– have been reported.5 The symptoms of Oropouche fever are quite similar to other febrile arbovirus, incl","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.12463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Letter to the Editor as a tool to promote critical thinking in Latin American bioethics pedagogy.","authors":"Timothy Daly","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personhood: An emergent view from Africa and the West.","authors":"Nancy S Jecker, Caesar A Atuire","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African understandings of personhood are complex, with different accounts emphasizing distinct aspects of what it means to be a person. Some accounts stress excellence of character and performing well in social roles and relationships, while others focus on innate moral qualities of individuals independent of their conduct and character. This paper sheds new light on these twin aspects of personhood. It proposes a way to navigate these dual features by bringing African and Western personhood into conversation, building on the strengths of each approach, and developing a new view of personhood that we call, Emergent Personhood. Section 1 introduces diverse approaches to personhood within African thought. Section 2 compares African and Western approaches. Section 3 evaluates advantages and disadvantages of each and identifies conditions that any account of personhood must meet to leverage the advantages and avoid the disadvantages identified. Section 4 introduces Emergent Personhood, which meets these conditions. Section 5 concludes that expanding the conversation about personhood across cultures enriches an ongoing conversation about what it means to be a person.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with Saudi physicians' utilization of clinical ethics consultation services.","authors":"Ruaim A Muaygil, Raaoum M Jabor, Rahaf A Alrayes, Ghada S Alharbi, Shaima A Alqoud, Manar A Alenazi, Ftoon A Alenazi, Taim A Muayqil","doi":"10.1111/dewb.12459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical Ethics Consultation (CEC) aims to resolve ethical dilemmas at the bedside. Through a structured process, CEC allows practitioners and patients to consult ethicists at times of moral conflict or uncertainty. Over the past few decades, CEC has become an invaluable part of healthcare practice. In Saudi Arabia, however, CEC services remain inexplicably underutilized. This study attempts to understand the factors associated with Saudi physicians' utilization of CEC to better meet the needs of practitioners and patients. Results indicate that although physicians routinely experience moral dilemmas, they seldom request a CEC. This is not due to unfamiliarity, lack of accessibility, or suspicion of ethical expertise. Rather, reluctance is likely due to an ingrained medical cultural stronghold that pressures practitioners to act heroically, and to resolve ethical dilemmas independently. Recommendations to improve the utilization of CEC services include wider availability, active collaborations with clinical practitioners, routine quality improvements, and managerial and national support.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}