Developing World Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Improving the Ethical Permissibility of Medical Electives in Lower-Resource Settings","authors":"Simon Paul Jenkins","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a moral-theoretical evaluation of medical electives, applying different frameworks of distributive justice to the phenomenon of healthcare students visiting countries with less access to resources in order to bolster their own learning. Currently, discussions of ethical issues around these medical electives largely focuses on issues arising during the placement experience itself, in the form of dilemmas to which an individual must react in an ethical way. Applying different frameworks of distributive justice to the wider issue of how an elective project is designed and organised suggests that electives need to focus a great deal more on conferring benefits to host communities – that is, the communities being visited by students from wealthier settings – than is currently the case. To avoid the charge that medical electives are impermissibly extractive insofar as they impose burdens on host communities that are not justified by appeal to the benefits that the visiting students (or their communities) enjoy, I propose that both students and educators in the healthcare professions consider advocating an offsetting system to compensate host communities for the harms caused by the elective's taking place. The offsetting could comprise a monetary payment, a resolution to work in a lower-resource setting in the future, or some combination of those two things. While this system may not even be permissible under all the distributive justice frameworks considered, it represents an improvement on the current state of affairs whilst still allowing trainees to gain useful experiences from electives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethics and Transitional Justice: LGBTQI+ Victims In the Colombian Post-Conflict","authors":"María Lucía Rivera-Sanín,&nbsp;Diana Acevedo-Zapata","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the role of bioethics in addressing the specific challenges faced by LGBTQI+ victims in Colombia's transitional justice process. It argues that queer and feminist bioethics offer both theoretical and practical contributions to the core aims of truth, reparation, and non-repetition by critically engaging with the biomedical discourses at the base of prejudice-based violence. The pathologization of sexual and gender diversity is examined as a structural condition of victimization and re-victimization during and after the armed conflict. Drawing on reports, testimonies, and conceptual frameworks, the paper reflects on how bioethical perspectives can support recognition, dignity, and structural transformation. Rather than advancing prescriptive solutions, the analysis emphasizes the need for ongoing critical engagement with the medical, legal, and social imaginaries that sustain inequality. The article positions bioethics as a field capable of contributing to transitional justice by fostering reflection on difference, responsibility, and the epistemic dimensions of reparation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil's Ethical Research Framework Is Under Threat—And the Pharmaceutical Industry Stands to Gain","authors":"Fernando Augusto Lima Marson","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"247-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing Justice in Healthcare AI: An Ubuntu-Based Approach for Africa","authors":"Aloysius Ochasi,&nbsp;Abdoul Jalil Djiberou Mahamadou,&nbsp;Russ B. Altman,&nbsp;Levi U. C. Nkwocha","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is an ongoing debate on how to balance the benefits and risks of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in healthcare. In resource-constrained settings, such as Africa, where access to quality care remains a challenge, AI has the potential to improve efficiency, accessibility, and patient outcomes. Yet, its development and deployment raise complex ethical, legal, ecological, and socioeconomic concerns. To ensure context-sensitive solutions, this paper introduces Ubuntu, a traditional African ethical philosophy, as a guiding framework for AI in African healthcare. Ubuntu offers a people-centered alternative to dominant Western-centric models, providing a culturally grounded lens for interpreting justice-related principles in line with Africa's unique needs and realities. Drawing on Ubuntu's five core values of communalism, interdependence, humanism, sharing, and compassion, we analyze how these principles can ethically guide AI across three normative pillars: justice and fairness, solidarity, and sustainability. For each, we identify risks and offer concrete, culturally resonant strategies to address them. In doing so, we undertake a distinctive scholarly contribution that meaningfully enriches the emerging discourse on decolonizing AI by reframing Ubuntu not only as a moral compass but also as a strategic tool for structural reform and innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need for Ethical Governance of Stem Cell Technologies in Southeast Asia","authors":"Pichaya Toyoda,&nbsp;Sopak Supakul","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextualising Mental Privacy in South Africa: Legal, Ethical, and Socio-Cultural Considerations With Policy Recommendations","authors":"Marietjie Botes,&nbsp;Melodie Labuschaigne,&nbsp;Camille Casteleyn,&nbsp;Becky Inkster,&nbsp;Mark Sheppard","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental privacy is a growing concern as neurotechnologies and digital mental health tools collect and process sensitive brain-related data. In South Africa, cultural and religious diversity adds complexity to protecting mental privacy, with traditional healing practices, communal decision-making, and spiritual beliefs influencing mental health perceptions and care. This article examines the ethical, legal, and socio-cultural challenges of mental privacy in South Africa, focusing on cognitive autonomy, informed consent, and exploitation risks. It critiques global regulatory frameworks, highlighting the limitations of the EU's GDPR and the fragmented US approach in addressing culturally diverse and economically unequal contexts. The article proposes enhancements to South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act, emphasising the need for explicit classification of neural and mental health data as sensitive categories. Additionally, it recommends culturally informed consent processes, collaboration with traditional and religious leaders, and public awareness initiatives to ensure inclusive mental privacy protections that respect cultural diversity while safeguarding individual rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"212-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes and Consequences of Lack of Transparency In Iran's Healthcare System: A Qualitative Interview Study","authors":"Hossein Bouzarjomehri,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Maleki,&nbsp;Iravan Masoudi-Asl,&nbsp;Mohammad Ranjbar,&nbsp;Yasaman Herandi,&nbsp;Mohsen Khosravi","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lack of transparency in healthcare systems is a critical challenge that undermines accountability, fuels corruption, and erodes public trust. While transparency has been shown to generate multiple positive outcomes, the Iranian healthcare system continues to suffer from significant deficits in this area. To investigate this issue, a qualitative approach was employed, which involved conducting 35 in-depth interviews with experts and social activists engaged in healthcare system transparency at all levels, recruited through purposive stratified sampling method. This was followed by a thematic analysis aimed at exploring the causes and consequences of the phenomenon. The results indicated that the causes of the lack of transparency in the Iranian healthcare system can be categorized into four main domains: sociopolitical, psychological and behavioral, organizational, and ethical and legal factors. Additionally, the consequences of the lack of transparency can be classified into three primary categories: ethical, organizational, and social factors. The findings of this study provide needed data to enhance transparency and cultivate a culture of openness and accountability in the Iranian healthcare system and other similar contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"172-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Goes in the Bag: Emergency Time and the Ethics of Retrospective Proof","authors":"Debora Diniz,&nbsp;Patricia Kingori","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A “go-bag” assumes an emergency with a beginning, a peak, and an end. This editorial asks what a family needs to keep for the years <i>after</i> that ending — not to survive the emergency, but to survive its administrative afterlife. Drawing on a decade of research with families living with congenital Zika syndrome in Northeast Brazil, and on Alagoas's compensation law, we examine how states convert the diagnostic limits of an emergency into an evidentiary burden borne by individual families. A decade after exposure, families are asked to reconstruct causation from medical fragments never designed to answer that question, and are held responsible for archival gaps produced by the uncertainty of the emergency itself. We propose <i>ainda</i> — Portuguese for “still” or “yet” — as a term for the temporal form this waiting takes: not a pause before resolution, but an extended present in which care, grief, and unproven harm remain open together. Bioethics has theorized triage, consent, and allocation during crisis; it has said far less about the years in which institutions have moved on while the people who lived through the emergency have not. We argue that the archive families are asked to produce — what it demands, of whom, and across how long a delay — deserves attention as an object of bioethical analysis in its own right.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"135-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Ethics of Military Global Health Engagements”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>H. J. Smith, “Ethics of Military Global Health Engagements,” Developing World Bioethics 26 (2026): 84–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.70043.</p><p>An Abstract section was inadvertently included and has now been removed.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ‘Neopotterian Theory of Global Bioethics’: Additional Moral Frameworks and Bio-Ethical Criteria for Asia and Europe","authors":"Henri-Corto Stoeklé,&nbsp;Christian Hervé","doi":"10.1111/dewb.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dewb.70006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;For some time now, we have begun to apply a particular ethical theory to our normative studies in empirical bioethics [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This theory is ‘global bioethics’, and was first developed by the American biochemist and bioethicist Van Rensselaer Potter in the 1970s [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Nonetheless, in our own studies, practical limitations have emerged in the face of ‘cultural diversity’ and ‘moral pluralism’, and which seems to influence the likelihood of health and/or life science practices being social and/or political accepted. We have, therefore, reworked this theory to improve the operationality of our results. We began with two postulates [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The first is that ‘survival’ and ‘happiness’ are the only two bio-ethical purposes common to all of humanity, consciously or unconsciously. The second is that these purposes are nevertheless, wholly or partially, and explicitly or implicitly, conditioned by different ‘bio-ethical criteria’ based on different ‘moral frameworks’. Actually, there should have been two additional postulates [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. The third postulate is that a solution to a bio-ethical issue is pertinent if it is accepted or acceptable, socially and/or politically, whether this acceptance or acceptability is individual or collective, explicit or implicit, real or potential, provided that it can be evaluated with quantitative and/or qualitative indicators. The fourth postulate is that this acceptance or acceptability results from a respect of significant bio-ethical criteria, within a particular zone and context, and at a given scale. Thus, in a previous letter [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], we introduced a dozen or so moral frameworks that we had already characterized with a view to constructing a criteriology. Since then, it occurred to us that other moral frameworks, at a family scale, might also influence social and/or political acceptance concerning health and/or life science practices, in care, research and/or prevention. Here's the reason for this new letter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a means of improving our characterization of these other frameworks, and the corresponding bio-ethical criteria, we turned to the work of the French anthropologist and demographer Emmanuel Todd entitled ‘&lt;i&gt;L'origine des systèmes familiaux. Tome I. L'Eurasie&lt;/i&gt;’ (N.B. ‘The origin of family systems. Volume I. Eurasia’ in English) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]—which received an award from the &lt;i&gt;Académie des sciences morales et politiques&lt;/i&gt; (N.B. ‘The French Academy of Moral and Political Science’ in English). We qualitatively, and manually, analysed this book, limiting ourselves for the moment to the parts relating to China, Central Asia, North Asia and Europe (N.B. &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 45 Asian countries, regions, or ethnic groups; and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 48 European countries, regions, or ethnic groups): chapters 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10. We had previously analysed the introduction and chapters 1 and 2, which are more general, to gain an understanding of the concepts and vocabulary use","PeriodicalId":50590,"journal":{"name":"Developing World Bioethics","volume":"26 3","pages":"243-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}