Disproportionality and discrimination in public health emergencies: Lessons from Trinidad and Tobago's COVID-19 cremation ban.

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world experienced unprecedented mortality rates, forcing families to navigate the dual burden of grief and restrictive public health measures. These restrictions often disrupted traditional last rites, exacerbating emotional distress and burdens on the grieving. Trinidad and Tobago enforced regulations aimed at curbing COVID-19 which suspended citizens' constitutional rights; one such restriction was the ban on open-air cremations. While this restriction may have been inconsequential to many, it had profound effects on individuals for whom open-air cremation was an essential cultural and religious practice. An ethical analysis of the cremation ban prior to its implementation would have shown the measure to be ineffective, disproportionate, and discriminatory. This underscores the need to integrate public health ethics in public health emergency policy development to ensure interventions are evidence-based, equitable in burden distribution, and capable of maintaining public trust.