Differentiation最新文献

{"title":"Meibomian gland development: Where, when and how?","authors":"Sudhir Verma ,&nbsp;Isabel Y. Moreno ,&nbsp;Morgan E. Trapp ,&nbsp;Luis Ramirez ,&nbsp;Tarsis F. Gesteira ,&nbsp;Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Meibomian gland (MG) is an indispensable adnexal structure of eye that produces meibum, an important defensive component for maintaining ocular homeostasis. Normal development and maintenance of the MGs is required for ocular health since atrophic MGs and disturbances in composition and/or secretion of meibum result in major ocular pathologies, collectively termed as Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Currently available therapies for MGD merely provide symptomatic relief and do not treat the underlying deficiency of the MGs. Hence, a thorough understanding of the timeline of MG development, maturation and aging is required for regenerative purposes along with signaling molecules &amp; pathways controlling proper differentiation of MG lineage in mammalian eye. Understanding the factors that contribute to the development of MGs, developmental abnormalities of MGs, and changes in the quality &amp; quantity of meibum with developing phases of MGs are essential for developing potential treatments for MGD. In this review, we compiled a timeline of events and the factors involved in the structural and functional development of MGs and the associated developmental defects of MGs during development, maturation and aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9850100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic regulation in the commitment of progenitor cells during retinal development and regeneration","authors":"Wenjie Yin ,&nbsp;Xiying Mao ,&nbsp;Miao Xu,&nbsp;Mingkang Chen,&nbsp;Mengting Xue,&nbsp;Na Su,&nbsp;Songtao Yuan,&nbsp;Qinghuai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Retinal development is initiated by multipotent retinal progenitor cells, which undergo several rounds of cell divisions and subsequently terminal differentiation. Retinal regeneration is usually considered as the recapitulation of retinal development, which share common mechanisms underlying the cell cycle re-entry of adult retinal stem cells and the differentiation of retinal neurons. However, how proliferative retinal progenitor cells perform a precise transition to postmitotic retinal cell types during the process of development and regeneration remains elusive. It is proposed that both the intrinsic and extrinsic programming are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the spatio-temporal fate commitment. Epigenetic modifications and the regulatory mechanisms at both DNA and chromatin levels are also postulated to play an important role in the timing of differentiation of specific retinal cells. In the present review, we have summarized recent knowledge of epigenetic regulation that underlies the commitment of retinal progenitor cells in the settings of retinal development and regeneration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10166785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular development: A view from the front to the back of the eye","authors":"Anna La Torre,&nbsp;Peter Lwigale","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9803684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the lens regeneration process in Pleurodeles waltl","authors":"Georgios Tsissios ,&nbsp;Gabriella Theodoroudis-Rapp ,&nbsp;Weihao Chen ,&nbsp;Anthony Sallese ,&nbsp;Byran Smucker ,&nbsp;Lake Ernst ,&nbsp;Junfan Chen ,&nbsp;Yiqi Xu ,&nbsp;Sophia Ratvasky ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Katia Del Rio-Tsonis","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aging and regeneration are heavily linked processes. While it is generally accepted that regenerative capacity declines with age, some vertebrates, such as newts, can bypass the deleterious effects of aging and successfully regenerate a lens throughout their lifetime.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Here, we used Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) to monitor the lens regeneration process of larvae, juvenile, and adult newts. While all three life stages were able to regenerate a lens through transdifferentiation of the dorsal iris pigment epithelial cells (iPECs), an age-related change in the kinetics of the regeneration process was observed. Consistent with these findings, iPECs from older animals exhibited a delay in cell cycle re-entry. Furthermore, it was observed that clearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was delayed in older organisms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Collectively, our results suggest that although lens regeneration capacity does not decline throughout the lifespan of newts, the intrinsic and extrinsic cellular changes associated with aging alter the kinetics of this process. By understanding how these changes affect lens regeneration in newts, we can gain important insights for restoring the age-related regeneration decline observed in most vertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10493237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10573632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spheroid formation and luteinization of granulosa cells of felids in a long-term 3D culture","authors":"Michał M. Hryciuk ,&nbsp;Filip Schröter ,&nbsp;Luise Hennicke ,&nbsp;Beate C. Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, granulosa cells (GCs) from domestic cats and Persian leopard were cultured and characterized from selected days. The culture period was divided into two phases: maintenance, which lasted for 7 days, and luteinization, which followed for up to 11 days. Luteinization was performed on ultra-low attachment plates, supporting the formation of spheroids in a medium supplemented with insulin, forskolin, and luteinizing hormone (LH). GCs of domestic cat produced estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) during the maintenance phase. The gene expressions of some proteins involved in steroidogenesis were stable (<em>STAR</em>, <em>HSD3B1</em>) or decreased over time (<em>CYP11A1</em>, <em>HSD17B1</em>, <em>CYP17A1</em>, and <em>CYP19A1</em>), which was similar to the expressions of gonatropin receptors (<em>LHCGR</em> and <em>FSHR</em>). During the luteinization phase, P4 concentration significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and E2, in contrast to the proliferation phase, was below detection range. The expression of genes of proteins involved in steroidogenesis (<em>STAR</em>, <em>CYP11A1</em>, <em>HSD3B1</em>, <em>HSD17B1</em>, <em>CYP17A1</em>, and <em>CYP19A1</em>) and of gonadotropin receptors (<em>LHCGR</em> and <em>FSHR</em>) significantly increased during the luteinization period, but some expressions exhibited a decrease at the end of the phase (<em>LHCGR</em>, <em>FSHR</em>, <em>HSD17B1</em>, <em>CYP19A1</em>). The morphology of the luteinized GCs of domestic cat resembled large luteal cells and had numerous vacuole-like structures. Also, the GCs of Persian leopard underwent luteinization, shown by increasing P4 production and <em>HSD3B1</em> expression. This study confirms that GCs from felids can be luteinized in a 3D spheroid system which can be a basis for further studies on luteal cell function of felids. Additionally, we could show that the domestic cat can serve as a model species for establishing cell culture methods which can be transferred to other felids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming of trunk neural crest to a cranial crest-like identity alters their transcriptome and developmental potential","authors":"Sierra S. Marable,&nbsp;Marianne E. Bronner","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neural crest cells along the body axis of avian embryos differ in their developmental potential, such that the cranial neural crest forms cartilage and bone whereas the trunk neural crest is unable to do so. Previous studies have identified a cranial crest-specific subcircuit that can imbue the trunk neural crest with the ability to form cartilage after grafting to the head. Here, we examine transcriptional and cell fate changes that accompany this reprogramming. First, we examined whether reprogrammed trunk neural crest maintain the ability to form cartilage in their endogenous environment in the absence of cues from the head. The results show that some reprogrammed cells contribute to normal trunk neural crest derivatives, whereas others migrate ectopically to the forming vertebrae and express cartilage markers, thus mimicking heterotypically transplanted cranial crest cells. We find that reprogrammed trunk neural crest upregulated more than 3000 genes in common with cranial neural crest, including numerous transcriptional regulators. In contrast, many trunk neural crest genes are downregulated. Together, our findings show that reprogramming trunk neural crest with cranial crest subcircuit genes alters their gene regulatory program and developmental potential to be more cranial crest-like.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10330191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9759856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgenic induction of penile features in postnatal female mouse external genitalia from birth to adulthood: Is the female sexual phenotype ever irreversibly determined?","authors":"Gerald R. Cunha,&nbsp;Mei Cao,&nbsp;Amber Derpinghaus,&nbsp;Laurence S. Baskin","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Female mice were treated for 35 days from birth to 60 days postnatal (P0, [birth], P5, P10, P20 and adult [∼P60]) with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Such treatment elicited profound masculinization the female external genitalia and development of penile features (penile spines, male urogenital mating protuberance (MUMP) cartilage, corpus cavernosum glandis, corporal body, MUMP-corpora cavernosa, a large preputial space, internal preputial space, os penis). Time course studies demonstrated that DHT elicited canalization of the U-shaped clitoral lamina to create a U-shaped preputial space, preputial lining epithelium and penile epithelium adorned with spines. The effect of DHT was likely due to signaling through androgen receptors normally present postnatally in the clitoral lamina and associated mesenchyme. This study highlights a remarkable male/female difference in specification and determination of urogenital organ identity. Urogenital organ identity in male mice is irreversibly specified and determined prenatally (prostate, penis, and seminal vesicle), whereas many aspects of the female urogenital organogenesis are not irreversibly determined at birth and in the case of external genitalia are not irreversibly determined even into adulthood, the exception being positioning of the female urethra, which is determined prenatally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sf3b4 regulates chromatin remodeler splicing and Hox expression","authors":"Shruti Kumar ,&nbsp;Sabrina Shameen Alam ,&nbsp;Eric Bareke ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Beauchamp ,&nbsp;Yanchen Dong ,&nbsp;Wesley Chan ,&nbsp;Jacek Majewski ,&nbsp;Loydie A. Jerome-Majewska","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SF3B proteins form a heptameric complex in the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, essential for pre-mRNA splicing. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in human <em>SF3B4</em> are associated with head, face, limb, and vertebrae defects. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated mice with constitutive heterozygous deletion of <em>Sf3b4</em> and showed that mutant embryos have abnormal vertebral development. Vertebrae abnormalities were accompanied by changes in levels and expression pattern of <em>Ho</em>x genes in the somites. RNA sequencing analysis of whole embryos and somites of <em>Sf3b4</em> mutant and control litter mates revealed increased expression of other <em>Sf3b4</em> genes. However, the mutants exhibited few differentially expressed genes and a large number of transcripts with differential splicing events (DSE), predominantly increased exon skipping and intron retention. Transcripts with increased DSE included several genes involved in chromatin remodeling that are known to regulate <em>Hox</em> expression. Our study confirms that <em>Sf3b4</em> is required for normal vertebrae development and shows, for the first time, that like <em>Sf3b1</em>, <em>Sf3b4</em> also regulates <em>Hox</em> expression. We propose that abnormal splicing of chromatin remodelers is primarily responsible for vertebral defects found in <em>Sf3b4</em> heterozygous mutant embryos.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9678843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal chondrocyte development in a zebrafish model of cblC syndrome restored by an MMACHC cobalamin binding mutant","authors":"David Paz ,&nbsp;Briana E. Pinales ,&nbsp;Barbara S. Castellanos ,&nbsp;Isaiah Perez ,&nbsp;Claudia B. Gil ,&nbsp;Lourdes Jimenez Madrigal ,&nbsp;Nayeli G. Reyes-Nava ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Castro ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Sloan ,&nbsp;Anita M. Quintana","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variants in the <em>MMACHC</em> gene cause combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria <em>cblC</em> type, the most common inborn error of intracellular cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. <em>cblC</em> is associated with neurodevelopmental, hematological, ocular, and biochemical abnormalities. In a subset of patients, mild craniofacial dysmorphia has also been described. Mouse models of <em>Mmachc</em> deletion are embryonic lethal but cause severe craniofacial phenotypes such as facial clefts. <em>MMACHC</em> encodes an enzyme required for cobalamin processing and variants in this gene result in the accumulation of two metabolites: methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HC). Interestingly, other inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism, such as <em>cblX</em> syndrome, are associated with mild facial phenotypes. However, the presence and severity of MMA and HC accumulation in <em>cblX</em> syndrome is not consistent with the presence or absence of facial phenotypes. Thus, the mechanisms by which mutations in <em>MMACHC</em> cause craniofacial defects are yet to be completely elucidated. Here we have characterized the craniofacial phenotypes in a zebrafish model of <em>cblC</em> (<em>hg13</em>) and performed restoration experiments with either a wildtype or a cobalamin binding deficient MMACHC protein. Homozygous mutants did not display gross morphological defects in facial development but did have abnormal chondrocyte nuclear organization and an increase in the average number of neighboring cell contacts, both phenotypes were fully penetrant. Abnormal chondrocyte nuclear organization was not associated with defects in the localization of neural crest specific markers, <em>sox10</em> (RFP transgene) or <em>barx1</em>. Both nuclear angles and the number of neighboring cell contacts were fully restored by wildtype MMACHC and a cobalamin binding deficient variant of the MMACHC protein. Collectively, these data suggest that mutation of <em>MMACHC</em> causes mild to moderate craniofacial phenotypes that are independent of cobalamin binding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9704723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordered deployment of distinct ciliary beating machines in growing axonemes of vertebrate multiciliated cells","authors":"Chanjae Lee,&nbsp;Yun Ma,&nbsp;Fan Tu,&nbsp;John B. Wallingford","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The beating of motile cilia requires the coordinated action of diverse machineries that include not only the axonemal dynein arms, but also the central apparatus, the radial spokes, and the microtubule inner proteins. These machines exhibit complex radial and proximodistal patterns in mature axonemes, but little is known about the interplay between them during motile ciliogenesis. Here, we describe and quantify the relative rates of axonemal deployment for these diverse cilia beating machineries during the final stages of differentiation of <em>Xenopus</em> epidermal multiciliated cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10523804/pdf/nihms-1932997.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}