Engineering Research Express最新文献

{"title":"Mobility and temperature sensitive energy efficient routing (MTS-EER) protocol in a wireless body area network","authors":"Anil Kumar Rawat, Amandeep Singh, Manwinder Singh","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sensor technology advancements have provided the platform to implement wireless body area networks, thanks to the nanosized sensor units capable of sensing, aggregating, and forwarding physiological information. The collected information is routed to the desired destination unit for data analysis and decision-making in remote healthcare. However, improving energy utilization remains a brain-teasing problem for the research community, especially considering imbalanced energy consumption and postural movements. Mobility contributes to disconnectivity issues, high energy drainage, and delays due to retransmissions. In addition, the sensor node’s thermal level also poses a challenge in maintaining safer and reliable data transmission. To overcome these issues, a novel Mobility and Temperature Sensitive Energy-Efficient Routing ¬(MTS-EER) algorithm has been proposed that includes a two-step process. In step 1, an Intelligent Path Estimation Function (IPEF) is designed considering the mobility, temperature, and energy level of the sensor. IPEF depends on crucial parameters i.e.: - residual energy, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), distance, total energy, and most importantly temperature of the sensor unit. The sensor node with the higher IPEF is selected as the Cluster Head (CH). In step 2, an optimized and sustainable energy conservation model (OSECM) is implemented based on the Adaptive Transmission Power (ATP) and the Power Management Module (PMM). The ATP conserves the energy via intelligently varying the transmission power and then PMM manages the sleep pattern of sensor nodes to yield a high network lifetime and efficient energy utilization. The algorithm further includes a clustering approach with dual sink nodes to conserve energy and improve reliability. Finally, the results are compared with the recent state-of-the-art research work. The proposed algorithm provides better results in terms of residual energy, throughput, network lifetime, and end-to-end delay.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the flexural property of composite laminates with embedded PZT","authors":"Xining Li, Yaomao Zhang, Yuzhi Liu","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The composite laminate embedded with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) synthesizes the functional characteristics of a sensor such as damage monitoring and actuation. However, for composite laminates, PZT components belong to foreign impurities, which may destroy the integrity of the structure and damage the mechanical properties of the structure to some extent. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the structure, this study revealed the influence of composite laminates embedded with PZT components on the flexural property through experiments and simulations. In the simulation, the shape of the resin enrichment zone was considered in combination with experimental observation. The results show that the error in the numerical prediction was less than 5%. Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the approximate symmetric layout of PZT in the laminate is obtained, which can reduce the influence of embedding on the bending performance of the structure. These results can provide reference and research ideas for the mechanical properties analysis of piezoelectric ceramic embedded structures.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experiment optimization research of a frequency up-converted piezoelectric energy harvester based on impact and magnetic force","authors":"Qianju Cheng, Qingmeng Wang, Zhi Liu, Zean Lv","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Harvesting environmental vibrations to power electronic components is an essential approach for addressing the power supply challenge in MEMS. However, conventional vibration energy collection systems frequently suffer from limited frequency bandwidth and high-frequency deficiencies. This paper proposes a novel up-frequency structure for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (VEH) that relies on both nonlinear magnetic force and piecewise linear force. The proposed VEH's nonlinear dynamic characteristics are analyzed theoretically, and an experimental prototype machining and vibration test platform are constructed. Theoretical and experimental results are compared and analyzed by conducting basic experiments and key parameter optimization experiments. The research results demonstrate that the proposed VEH can efficiently harvest vibration energy in low-frequency and wide-band environments. Regarding the system parameters, higher vibration acceleration results in increased output voltage and wider working frequency bandwidth. Reducing the gap distance enhances piecewise linear vibration, which broadens the working frequency bandwidth. Furthermore, the proposed VEH's ability to harvest low-frequency vibrations can be enhanced by reducing the magnet distance, thereby reducing the linear resonance frequency of the system. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for advancing the engineering application of MEMS self-power supply technology.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of different structured gate-all-around FETs for 2nm node","authors":"Nathan Totorica, Wei Hu, Feng Li","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b0","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper compares different types of Gate All Around (GAA) FET structures using TCAD simulation, including Lateral Nanosheet, Lateral Nanowire, Vertical Nanosheet, and Vertical Nanowire. The increase in electrostatic control and reduced short channel effects are key benefits to adopting GAAFET structures to meet scaling requirements for next generation process nodes. To understand channel geometry impacts on performance, the channel effective width (Weff) is swept around the projected dimensions, including ratio of height and width parameters. The performance is evaluated using the key device metrics such as on-state current (Ion), off-state current (Ioff), and threshold voltage (Vt) for transfer characteristics, and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), subthreshold slope (SS), and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) for short-channel effects. It is observed that thinner channel geometries, as often seen implemented in Nanosheet structures, have major benefits across SCE and Ioff metrics compared to more symmetrically square shaped channels. Additionally, stacking channels as a means to increase Weff appears to be an attractive option for increasing performance without significant increase in SCEs observed. For bulk technology the ratio between height and width of a Nanosheet structure can be optimized to reduce parasitic channel influence, so that optimal Ion/Ioff ratio is achieved.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experiment on Using Activated Carbon to Remove Direct Dyes from Wastewater Collected from the Textile Dyeing Industry","authors":"Huda Yousif Enad","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Environmentalists have been raising concerns about the concentration of dye in wastewater. A wide range of industries are the major contributors to increasing the percentage of dyes in wastewater, such as the food, paper, fabric, makeup, and textile sectors. This is really posing an issue for many organisms living in water. A range of biological, physical, and chemical techniques have been developed to eliminate dye from wastewater. Different treatment techniques are well known for their efficiency towards color removal since different industries utilize different dyes. Adsorption, filtering, and coagulation/flocculation are well-known methods for physical treatment. For biological treatment, the use of microbes and enzymes, in addition to biosorption and biodegradation, is well known for its efficiency. Furthermore, the chemical treatment used ozonation, photocatalysis, and electron transport. This research used an experimental method to test the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) created from sawdust as a dye remover from wastewater. The research revealed that the proposed method is useful in removing direct blue, green, and orange dyes from wastewater found in the textile dyeing industry.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"61 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method: multi-scale calculation life of welded beams with residual stress","authors":"Shining LYu, A. Wang, Youshan Gao, Huijuan Wu, Ling Gao","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To improve the accuracy of the probability of life value calculation while ensuring computational efficiency, a study was conducted on the finite element probability of life calculation method for beam-shell coupling. On the basis of the finite element heat and stress coupling model of Type I welded beam, a fatigue fracture model of residual stress and cyclic load coupling was established. The probability of life calculation of beam-shell elements was theoretically derived, and the expression of the probability of life model was unified. The probability of life of Type I welded beam was calculated, and it was compared with the model of beam assumption and the full life test result. The results show that the computational efficiency of the beam-shell coupling model is higher than that of the shell element model. In addition, the probability of life calculation result obtained by the beam-shell coupling model is highly consistent with the experimental result in statistical terms, and it has higher accuracy at low stress levels than the calculation result of the beam element, with the relative error between the median of the calculation result and the experimental result being less than 10%.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersion frequency technique to explain the charge transfer process involved in cadmium detection using aniline, N-phenylglycine and graphene oxide based electrochemical sensor","authors":"Kusumita Dutta, Siddhartha Panda","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new technique, termed as dispersion frequency (DF) technique, based on Maxwell Wagner dispersion frequency, was proposed for the first time in an electrochemical sensor to explain the charge transfer mechanism involved, behind the sensing process. Dispersion frequency can be characterized by the maximum dispersion in capacitance, which is an interfacial relaxation effect, and occurs in systems where electric current passes through the electrode electrolyte interface across the double layer. In this work, this technique was used to explain the reason behind the improvement in the selectivity by varying the film thickness and amount of graphene oxide (GO), in composite (from aniline, N-phenylglycine and GO) films. For that purpose, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were conducted, and the DF values were evaluated. It was found that the DF values decrease with film thickness and increase with the GO content when detecting Cd2+ in buffer. Also, the DF value changed (decreased) in presence of interfering species. Thus, it was demonstrated that the DF values could be used to predict and explain the interference effect. The behavior of the DF values was opposite to that of the barrier width (BW) values as studied in a previous work which too were a function of the film thickness and the GO content. Both explain independent physical phenomena which are related to the same charge transfer process. In this work, a correlation coefficient relating the barrier width and dispersion frequency values with respect to film thicknesses at any specific amount of GO content was evaluated. This correlation coefficient can be used to evaluate one parameter if the other is known for a series of film thicknesses by doing lesser number of EIS experiments.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"60 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Sensitivity Analysis of a Vertical TFET with Dielectric Pocket for its use as Label Free Biosensor","authors":"D. Das, Ujjal Chakraborty, Pranjal Borah","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad6233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad6233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A comprehensive analysis of a dielectrically modulated vertical tunnel field effect transistor (VTFET) as a label free biosensor is presented in this article. The proposed structure considers an n+ pocket at the source /channel interface and a dielectric pocket at channel/drain interface. The sensitivity of the VTFET biosensor has been investigated, introducing neutral and charged biomolecules of different dielectric constants at the nanogap cavity. The n+ doped pocket introduced at the source/channel junction improves the output characteristics of the proposed VTFET due to its conduction mechanism in both lateral and vertical directions, thereby improving the sensitivity of VTFET biosensor as well. The proposed VTFET biosensor gains the sensitivity in the order of 105 for a fully filled cavity. Moreover, the HfO2 dielectric pocket at the channel/drain interface suppresses the deteriorating ambipolar behaviour and also enhances the ambipolar current sensitivity compared to a VTFET biosensor without dielectric pocket. Thus, it is perceived that the main drawback of TFET, ambipolar nature, has evolved as an advantage for sensing applications. The VTFET biosensor has been analyzed with regards to variations in dielectric constant of cavity, density of charge, length and height of cavity, mole fraction and also operating temperature at a particular bias condition to judge its sensing capability. A status map has been presented where the proposed VTFET biosensor has been compared with some of the significant works reported in literature in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"112 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and energy efficiency of a selected municipal wastewater treatment plant – a case study","authors":"Grzegorz Przydatek, Monika Golonka, N. Bârsan, E. Moșneguțu, A. Chițimuș, Oana Irimia","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad6232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad6232","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Among the global problems, facing humanity at the beginning of the third millennium is the lack of water and the degradation of water quality. Water continues to play an essential and predominant role in sustaining life, being indispensable, and having an intrinsic value, inestimable in money. Water, a natural element in the common heritage of all mankind, constitutes at the same time an economic and social right of any person. Population growth and the continuous industrialization necessary for the modernization of society have led to an increase in the need for water and implicitly in the volume of wastewater discharged into rivers and seas. If the wastewater were accumulated without being purified, the decomposition of the organic material contained would lead to the production of unpleasant odorous gases, and the pathogenic microorganisms existing in the wastewater would cause serious illnesses to people. The modern society developed in industrialized cities produces a large volume of wastewater containing a variety of pollutants, of which especially those generated by the industry are toxic to all living organisms and make it impossible to self-purify the watercourses into which the wastewater was discharged. The treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is a necessity of contemporary society in permanent development. Based on the analysis of the environmental and energy efficiency of the selected wastewater treatment plant (WWT) with the mechanical and biological treatment of wastewater, it was found that the highest BOD5 concentration of 3,583 mg/L occurred before wastewater treatment. The work of WWT was characterized by variable efficiency of the treatment process, which was shown by fluctuations in the results of three chemical indices, including COD, P, and N. An increased average concentration of total nitrogen of 80 mg/L, occurred with an underestimated reduction of pollution at a level not exceeding 90%. Wastewater treatment processes are characterized by statistically significant differences in results. The energy consumption of 1.58 kWh/m3 associated with the increase in the treated wastewater, together with the increase in average N concentration of 80 mg/L, indicates the need to improve the process of removing nutrients from domestic and economic wastewater.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics based model for negative capacitance TFET considering variation in ferroelectric parameters","authors":"S. Chaudhary, B. Dewan, Devenderpal Singh, Menka Yadav","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad6235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad6235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Here, an explicit analytical model of electrical properties like channel potential, electric field, drain current, and threshold voltage for a negative capacitance DGTFET structure is developed. The model properly calculates the channel potential profile by solving the Poisson equation using the Landau-Khalatnikov (LK) model (for incorporating the NC effect). The electric field expression is developed using a channel potential model. The drain current expression is obtained by mathematically integrating the rate of band-to-band tunneling generation over the channel thickness. The threshold voltage has been derived using a method called maximal trans-conductance. Furthermore, by varying the FE parameters like thickness (tfe), coercive field (EC), and residual polarization (PR), we improve capacitance matching and gate control of the device. All of the model results demonstrated a perfect alignment with those discovered by TCAD simulations. Designing devices and circuits for low-power applications can be more effective from these results.","PeriodicalId":505725,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}