Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Beyond Today's MRI: Machine Learning and AI Pioneering Tomorrow's Imaging Landscape","authors":"Yvanne Komenan","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64394","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To survey the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in magnetic resonance imaging. \u0000Objectives: To discuss the fundamental knowledge behind the concepts of magnetic resonance imaging, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. The interconnectivity between utilizing AI models and different MRI images to achieve perfect evaluation was also examined. \u0000Discussion: Various MRI images were discussed, including magnetic resonance angiography, anatomical MRI, diffusion MRI, and functional MRI. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning are the types of ML that have found wide applications in MRI. For supervised machine learning, the various methods under this are k-space methods, image restoration methods, cross-domain methods, direct mapping, and unrolled optimization. Nonetheless, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were the two noticeable AI models often employed during medical imaging. \u0000Conclusions: In conclusion, artificial intelligence as a subset of machine learning has found wide medical applications to MRI. The emerging technology of AI in MRI has profound future applications in medical field.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Orthopedic Injuries in Amateur Runners in the Municipality of Gurupi-To","authors":"Kaio da Rocha Silva, Kelly Cristina Nunes Silva Cassimiro, W. N. Araújo, Márcio Araújo de Almeida, Thaís Bezerra de Almeida, Cassia Alves de Carvalho Noleto, Agrinazio Geraldo Nascimento Neto","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64393","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study investigated the characteristics of orthopedic injuries in amateur runners, aiming to understand the factors that influence them. \u0000Study Design: The research was conducted through a field study with a descriptive approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Data collection was carried out during the months of March and April 2024, in the city of Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil. \u0000Methodology: Using a quantitative approach, the responses of 103 participants regarding injury diagnoses, rest practices, behaviors during running, and frequency of fatigue were analyzed. \u0000Results: Of the participants who responded to the questionnaire, 76 (74%) are male, while 27 (26%) are female. Of the 103 participants in the survey, 58 (56.3%) answered that they had not suffered any running-related orthopedic injury. However, the other 45 participants (43.7%) reported a variety of orthopedic injuries resulting from the practice of this sport. The results revealed a diversity of training practices and individual experiences, highlighting the lack of direct association between increased training volume and the occurrence of injuries. The research also identified different approaches to increasing pace/speed and distance during races, suggesting the need for individualized training programs. \u0000Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of the factors involved in orthopedic injuries related to road running and highlights the importance of personalized strategies in the prevention and treatment of these injuries, contributing to a safer and more sustainable sports practice for amateur runners.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"53 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Liquid Paraffin Emulsions’ Stability Parameters Using Spans as Emulgent","authors":"Kutelu Aderemi Bunmi","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64392","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To prepare liquid paraffin emulsions using spans of different grades as emulgent in extensively different concentrations and then determine the formulations’ stability parameters. \u0000Study Design:  The study consulted some literatures to have the basic knowledge before laboratory experiments were conducted. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria laboratory between 2023 and 2024. \u0000Methodology: The characteristic properties of different formulations of liquid paraffin emulsions prepared using spans of different grades as emulgent has been studied. The influence of emulgent of various concentrations (2.5- 30%) on the properties of w/o emulsions containing 30% aqueous phase was examined using dilution, dye-solubility, cobalt chloride tests and Rion viscotester VT-04 to determine melting point and softening determination, creaming profile, viscometric and emulsion type. \u0000Results: The result revealed Span 20 and Span 80 to be light yellowish in colour and hydrophobic in nature while Span 60 was miscible with water when heated to 75 oC. Liquid paraffin emulsions formulated via Spans 20, 80 and 85 were all noticed to be physically stable liquid emulsion products at room temperature. The values of the softening and melting point of the Span 85 based creams were lower (32-33 and 35-36 oC) than those of Span 80 based products (35-36 and 41-43 oC) respectively. The yield values of Spans 20 and Span 80 solid emulsions were observed to be relatively high in the range 3500-4000 P when compared with those of Span 85 based creams having 500-1050 P. Two layers of different densities of the dispersed phase were observed by the emulsion phase. Rapid dispersion of the Spans 20, 80 and 85 stabilized samples 1, 2 and 3 emulsion drops that were placed into distilled water was observed. The other Span based formulations which contain higher concentrations (15-30%) of the emulgent (samples 4, 5, 6 and 7) were also observed to be miscible with water. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the emulgent at various concentrations has positive influence on liquid paraffin emulsions at some friendly conditions.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"116 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias and Fairness Issues in Artificial Intelligence-driven Cybersecurity","authors":"Ugochukwu Mmaduekwe","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64391","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This paper aims to examine the bias and fairness issues accorded with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cybersecurity.                                                               \u0000Problem Statement: The evolving global dependence on cybersecurity has exposed organizations, individuals, and nations to different vulnerabilities and security threats. However, merging of cyberspace with AI technologies has the potential to transform multiple domains but the implementation of AI is faced with bias problems limiting its application. \u0000Significance of Study: Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity have been identified as two transformative and interconnected entities with great potential to revolutionize numerous areas of human life. However, it is imperative to critically look at the bias and fairness accorded with the implication of artificial intelligence-driven cybersecurity which are keywords limiting the usage and efficiency of the approach.                               \u0000Discussion: The concept of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity was discussed together with their interconnectivity which enhances the application in tackling cyber threats. Various areas of artificial intelligence deployment in cyberspace were presented. The sources and solutions to bias and fairness in artificial intelligence-driven cybersecurity were also discussed. This paper has critically discussed various ways via which AI biases influence cyber security. Nonetheless, ways by which this problem can be tackled were presented.    \u0000Conclusion: Artificial intelligence-driven cybersecurity has found wide industrial applications in different areas. However, there is a need to critically address the issues of bias and fairness attached to it to improve its efficiency. The use of the teams; AI model; and Corporate governance and leadership should be adopted to find lasting solutions to the problem of biases in AI-driven cyber security.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery Powered Agricultural Sprayers: A Review","authors":"A. Chandraker, V. M. Victor, S. Jogdand, D. Khalkho","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64390","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural technology is undergoing rapid change, with continuous improvements in farm machinery, buildings, and production facilities. The quest for cheaper and enhanced energy sources is essential for the efficient and seamless operation of these facilities. Day to day depleting reserves of fossil fuels has motivated researchers to work on alternate source of energy. A battery has been proved a good alternative to fossil fuels for the operation of moving objects. A battery-powered agricultural sprayer, driven by a DC pump running on electricity stored in a battery, offers numerous advantages. Their operation is more cost-effective due to lower maintenance costs and has a lesser environmental impact compared to pumps powered by internal combustion engines (ICE). Additionally, they produce less vibration than petrol sprayers. With such sprayers, farmers can conduct spraying operations themselves, thus enhancing efficiency without needing additional labor. Several researchers carried out work on battery powered sprayers, in the different locations of the world. Different types of sprayers have been modified and successfully and efficiently operated on electricity generated in batteries. The review cover both solar power charged batteries and domestic electricity charged batteries. Research findings also indicated the reduction in drudgery of human labours involved in the spraying operation. These sprayers are an excellent means to cover large areas quickly and effortlessly. In summary, this innovative solution addresses the challenges of manual labor while promoting efficient, precise and sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Customized Wheelchair Tracking and Durable Medical Equipment's Solutions for Hospitals: A Continuous Quality Improvement Project","authors":"Anuoluwapo Owolabi","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64389","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of the project is to design a model that will reduce the number of missing wheelchairs in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center; this will be achieved by designing a process to improve the tracking of wheelchairs at the clinical center.\u0000Study Design: Qualitative.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center between 2017 and 2018.\u0000Methodology: A process flow diagram was designed to study the current process and identify areas of opportunities. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with diverse staff, including nurses and patient escorts, to identify system inefficiencies and barriers. Stakeholders were chosen for their roles and experience, enriching the root cause analysis. A fishbone diagram was constructed to ascertain the flow and direction of the problem being investigated.\u0000Results: The study found that investing in Stryker TC wheelchairs significantly reduced the rate of missing wheelchairs at the NIH Clinical Center from 50% to 20% monthly. This resulted in substantial operational cost savings. The hospital saved approximately $200,000 annually in 2017 alone by reducing the need to replace missing wheelchairs, which cost $5,000 per unit. It was a good management decision to invest in Stryker TC wheelchairs that reduced the rate of missing wheelchairs from an average of 50% to an average of 20% monthly.\u0000Conclusion: The study shows that investing in Stryker TC wheelchairs significantly reduced missing wheelchairs from 50% to 20% monthly. This led to $200,000 in annual savings by decreasing the need for replacements. Although the initial cost is high, the long-term savings justify the investment. The findings suggest that healthcare administrators should consider similar investments to enhance care delivery and operational excellence. This research highlights the effectiveness of innovative solutions in addressing logistical challenges in healthcare settings, facilitating more efficient patient care industry-wide.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"124 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineation of Groundwater at Iseyin, South Western Nigeria","authors":"Abel Giwa Usifo, A. J. Adeola","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64388","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This research was carried out to determine: the variation in resistivity of the different soil profiles in the area, the depth and thickness of the weathered basement, the depth and thickness of the aquifer, the depth to basement, and to establish areas suitable for borehole development.\u0000Materials and Methods: Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out using Schlumberger electrode array. A pair of potential and current electrodes was arranged in such a way that the potential electrodes were positioned in between the current electrodes and the positioning of the electrodes was set out using the measuring tape. The Ohmega resistivity meter was used for the data collection which measures the apparent resistivity of the subsurface.\u0000Results and Conclusions: The results showed that the area is composed of four (4) to five (5) layers, namely; the topsoil, clay, sandy clay/clayey sand, sand, and dry sand. The top soil has apparent resistivity ranging from 134.2 to 790.9 (Omega)m with thickness and depth between 0.4 and 2.4 m. Clay is found mainly in traverses 1, 7, and 8. It has apparent resistivity ranging from 37 to 77.4 (Omega)m , thickness between 2.9 and 1.9 m and depth within 5.0 and 16.9 m. Sandy clay/ clayey sand are concentrated in traverses 1, 3, 5 and 8 with apparent resistivity range between 18.4 and151.8 (Omega)m ; thickness of about 1.3 to 18.8 m , and depth ranging from 2.3 to 35.7 m. The sand has apparent resistivities of about 226.2 to 610.8; thickness between 0.4 and 7.7 m, and depth ranging from 1.0 to 12.2 m. They are found in traverses 2, 3, and 4. Dry sand/ dry sand (with quartzite) have apparent resistivities ranging from 407.8 to 924.3 (Omega)m . It has thickness ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 m and depth between 0.8 and 5.1 m. Perched aquifer could be found in sand and sandy clay. Wet sand contains both confined and unconfined aquifers while clayey sand harbours confined aquifer.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Security Framework for Protecting Data in Transit and Data at Rest in the Cloud","authors":"Percy Nathan Swanzy, Arnold Mashud Abukari, E. Ansong","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64387","url":null,"abstract":"Data stored in the cloud is particularly vulnerable to attacks, especially when at rest or in transit. This makes the security of data in the cloud in terms of its integrity, confidentiality and availability a major security concern. While existing studies on cloud data security have garnered attention from cybersecurity researchers, there has been limited focus on developing a comprehensive data security framework that integrates both technical and social measures. The general objective of the study was to develop a data security framework for protecting data at rest and data in transit in the cloud. The qualitative research approach was chosen using interviews, archival records and physical artefacts as the source of data for the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, ten cyber security experts within the banking sector with not less than five years of practice were selected. Thematic analysis was used in analysing the collected data which led to the identification of the factors for the development of the framework. The study developed the framework for protecting data at rest and data in motion in the cloud based on the encryption technologies, installation of firewalls and antivirus as well as access control techniques. First Homomorphic encryption technologies were implemented in the framework to secure both storage devices and web connections. Other security factors were installation of firewall and antivirus. The findings revealed that access and usage control strategies integrate user identification and authentication. Additionally, these strategies incorporate safeguards for confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation, securing both data-at-rest and data-in-motion. The findings also indicated that audit trails provide electronic records that offer security support documentation and history that is used to authenticate operational actions and mitigate challenges with non-compliance. Additionally, the findings emphasized the importance of social strategies such as staff training and industry collaboration in enhancing data security. These strategies aim to raise awareness of security threats and inform best practices for securing organizational data. The study recommends that banks consider both technical and social aspects when implementing data protection security measures especially implementing homomorphic encryption to secure data and implement Cyber Security training policies.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Safety Awareness and Compliance between Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"Ubong Iyang, I. Nwaogazie, John Ugbebor","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64386","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of safety awareness and compliance between small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data from 179 respondents, including workers from both small and medium-scale manufacturing companies. The mean scores were computed for the various safety awareness constructs to have the general safety level awareness for both small and medium-scale companies. Z-test was utilized to establish a significant difference in the safety awareness level between small and medium-scale workers. Principal Component Analysis was used to unravel structures or patterns in the safety awareness level among the workers. The findings revealed that medium-scale company workers generally exhibited significantly higher levels of safety awareness compared to their counterparts in small-scale companies. The principal component analysis (PCA) result highlighted the distinction between management-level and individual-level safety awareness factors, indicating the need for tailored interventions for small and medium-scale companies.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Values of Essential Oils","authors":"Reshu Rajput, Anchit Kour, .. Sabina","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i64385","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EO) are highly concentrated chemicals extracted from leaves, stems,seeds, roots, flowers, resins, and barks. It has been illustrated that essential oils derived from clove, lemon, fennel, eucalyptus, teatree, lavender, peppermint, rosemary have preventive effects on bacteria, fungi and viruses; various studies have been done to evaluate the usefulness of essential oils against microorganisms. Extraction of essential oil from the raw materials is the most time consuming process. There are various methods that are used in extraction of essential oils that are Steam distillation, hydrodistillation, solvent extraction, cold pressing, enfleurage. The combined effects of EO-EO or Essential oil- antibiotic show higher efficacy, according to the strategy of combinatory effects via conventional and non- traditional means. This paper focuses on the various therapeutic uses of essential of different kinds like Peppermint EO, Clove EO, Rosemary EO, Lemon EO etc. Various properties of EO have been mentioned, including anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-mutagenic, anti-viral, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and cancer curing. EO is composed of different components which consists of alcohol, phenol, aldehyde,  ketone, terpenoids and ester. Along with beneficial and therapeutic values of EO there also comes some limitations. EO is very useful and is considered as a futuristic approach for clinical operations.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}