Buildings最新文献_第7页

Compressive Creep Test on Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete: Effects of Strain Measuring Method, Specimen Size, Sustained Load Intensity, and Fiber Length 纤维增强超高性能混凝土的压缩蠕变试验：应变测量方法、试样尺寸、持续载荷强度和纤维长度的影响

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072136

Hyun-Myo Park, Seung-Ryong Ryu, Oh Kyun Kwon, Jun-Mo Yang

{"title":"Compressive Creep Test on Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete: Effects of Strain Measuring Method, Specimen Size, Sustained Load Intensity, and Fiber Length","authors":"Hyun-Myo Park, Seung-Ryong Ryu, Oh Kyun Kwon, Jun-Mo Yang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072136","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the difficulties in applying the compressive creep test method for normal concrete to UHPC and to verify the validity of the recently proposed ASTM C 1856 standard test method, this study performed compressive creep tests on UHPC with the variables of specimen size, sustained load intensity, fiber length, and strain measuring method. The experimental results show that the strain meter method using the standard rod had limitations due to the error in the verification process using the standard rod and the observation error of the measurer, and a sustained load intensity of 15% to 40% of the actual compressive strength is preferable. It was found that it is possible to perform a compressive creep test for UHPC using a specimen with a size of ϕ75 mm or more, and the fiber length did not affect the creep behavior of the UHPC up to 19.5 mm. As a result of comparing the UHPC creep test results with the creep prediction model, the B3 model was found to most accurately predict the UHPC creep behavior. The creep coefficient pattern of the B3 model was very similar to the measured results and well reflects the effects of the mixing ratio and compressive strength of UHPC.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"121 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passive Envelope Measures for Improving Energy Efficiency in the Energy Retrofit of Buildings in Italy 意大利建筑节能改造中提高能效的被动围护结构措施

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072128

S. Brunoro

{"title":"Passive Envelope Measures for Improving Energy Efficiency in the Energy Retrofit of Buildings in Italy","authors":"S. Brunoro","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072128","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian territory is characterized by a big increase in energetic demand, especially for cooling, mainly related to climate change but also to the poor quality of a consistent construction sector, such as the suburban 1960–1980 building stock. At the same time, the cost of fuel and electricity due to the recent war events forces us to find alternative solutions to save energy in buildings. This study proposes building envelope passive design strategies to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings in the Mediterranean climate, which is typical of the Italian territory. The main purpose is to provide an overview of potential passive measures to improve the energetic quality of construction in response to the above-mentioned issues and consequently to the increasing restrictions of energy regulations (passive buildings and NzeB). A categorization of passive measures is provided by exploring three different passive behaviors: heat reduction, heat gain, and heat protection. Specific energy-efficient measures for building retrofit are investigated according to this classification, including solar greenhouses, natural ventilation techniques, and radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer through opaque and transparent envelopes. As the building envelope is mainly responsible for heating exchange and accounts for 50% of the overall energy balance, it is concluded that the “ad hoc” design of building envelopes can significantly improve the overall thermal performance of residential buildings.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"86 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Bonding Properties of Reinforced Reef Limestone Concrete and Its Influencing Factors 石灰岩加固混凝土的粘结性能及其影响因素研究

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072133

Jinxin Huang, Kun Xu, Wenjun Xiao, Wei Nie, Jun Zhou, Jiang Luo, Mengchen Zhang, Xiqi Liu

{"title":"Study on the Bonding Properties of Reinforced Reef Limestone Concrete and Its Influencing Factors","authors":"Jinxin Huang, Kun Xu, Wenjun Xiao, Wei Nie, Jun Zhou, Jiang Luo, Mengchen Zhang, Xiqi Liu","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072133","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforced concrete structures play a pivotal role in island and reef engineering projects. Given the resource constraints typical of island regions, substituting traditional manufactured sand aggregate with reef limestone not only reduces reliance on river sand but also addresses the issue of disposing of waste reef limestone slag generated during excavation. However, the performance characteristics of reef limestone concrete, particularly its bond strength with reinforcing steel, warrant further investigation. This is particularly true for the bond–slip behavior of the reinforcement. This study aims to elucidate the effects of various parameters on the bond performance between steel and reef limestone concrete through central pullout tests. These parameters include the type and diameter of the reinforcement, bond length, and loading rate. The investigation encompasses the analysis of load–slip curves, bond failure modes, and variations in bond stress. Additionally, using the Abaqus software, a numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the mesoscopic stress characteristics, thereby revealing the mechanisms of bond formation and failure modes between steel reinforcement and reef limestone concrete. The results indicate that the bond–slip curve for reef limestone concrete reinforced with ribbed rebars and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars can be broadly categorized into four phases: minor slip, slip, decline, and residual, with the residual phase exhibiting a wave-like pattern. The predominant failure modes in reef limestone concrete are either pulling out or splitting. The bond stress in reef limestone concrete decreases with an increase in rebar diameter and bond length; conversely, it increases with the loading rate, although the ultimate slip decreases. The mesoscopic failure characteristics of reinforced reef limestone concrete, as simulated in Abaqus, are consistent with the experimental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"126 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Compressive Strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, and Transfer Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Mortars 高温对偏高岭土基土工聚合物砂浆的抗压强度、超声波脉冲速度和传递特性的影响

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072126

M. Ezzedine El Dandachy, Lovey Hassoun, Abdulkader El-Mir, Jamal M. Khatib

{"title":"Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Compressive Strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, and Transfer Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Mortars","authors":"M. Ezzedine El Dandachy, Lovey Hassoun, Abdulkader El-Mir, Jamal M. Khatib","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072126","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the impact of moderate and elevated temperatures on compressive strength, mass loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and gas permeability of mortars made using metakaolin (MK) or Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The geopolymer mortar comprises MK, activated by a solution of sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) with a weight ratio of SS/SH equal to 2.5. For most of the tests, the MK and OPC mortar specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days before exposure to elevated temperatures, ranging from 100 °C to 900 °C in increments of 100 °C. In the permeability tests, conducted at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C in 50 °C increments, the results revealed significant findings. When exposed to 200 °C, MK geopolymer mortar demonstrated an increase in compressive strength by 83% and 37% for specimens initially cured for 7 and 28 days, respectively. A strong polynomial correlation between UPV and compressive strength in MK mortar was observed. Prior to heat exposure, the permeability of MK mortar was found to be four times lower than that of OPC mortar, and this difference persisted even after exposure to 250 °C. However, at 300 °C, the intrinsic permeability of MK mortar was measured at 0.96 mD, while OPC mortar exhibited 0.44 mD.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"121 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Smart Modelling Framework for Traditional Wooden Architecture 传统木结构建筑智能建模框架的应用

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072130

Jialong Zhang, Zijun Wang, Wei Wang

{"title":"Application of Smart Modelling Framework for Traditional Wooden Architecture","authors":"Jialong Zhang, Zijun Wang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072130","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving ancient buildings can be improved using Building Information Modelling (BIM) models created from high-quality point-cloud data. The problems arise from the need for automatic extraction of the characteristics required to meet various security criteria from a high-fidelity point cloud. BIM for Traditional Wooden Architecture (TWA) constructions requires collaboration across various research fields. Two crucial concerns are needed to overcome the current gap and enhance the use of BIM: an automated model for the major components that smartly combines historical information and a Smart Modelling Framework (SMF) to represent these components. First, a parametric model for the usual components, highlighting similarities and properties, was created using a TWA structure as the basis. The next step is creating an automated modelling approach to determine the component type and hidden dimensions automatically. Conservation initiatives for traditional wooden structures will benefit greatly from this research results. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested technique accomplishes better efficiency, reliability, and effectiveness than other existing technologies.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BIM-Based Analysis and Strategies to Reduce Carbon Emissions of Underground Construction in Public Buildings: A Case on Xi’an Shaanxi, China 基于 BIM 的公共建筑地下工程碳减排分析与策略：中国陕西西安案例

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072134

Yuheng Han, Yue Wang, Liang Zhao, Tilian Li, Zhi Yang, Zixiao Wang, Haining Wang

{"title":"BIM-Based Analysis and Strategies to Reduce Carbon Emissions of Underground Construction in Public Buildings: A Case on Xi’an Shaanxi, China","authors":"Yuheng Han, Yue Wang, Liang Zhao, Tilian Li, Zhi Yang, Zixiao Wang, Haining Wang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072134","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of public buildings involves a significant amount of carbon emissions, particularly during the materialization phase of underground construction, which is characterized by a rapid and intense release of carbon emissions. In response to this issue, this study aims to develop a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based method for assessing the factors influencing carbon emissions during the materialization phase of underground construction in public buildings. To achieve this goal, a process-based quantitative and qualitative method was established to evaluate carbon emissions at various stages, including raw material extraction and processing, building material/equipment production, and on-site processing of components, as well as construction and installation. The proposed method may serve as a valuable tool for selecting design schemes in the early stages of building design. By analyzing 125 actual cases in Xi’an, China and utilizing a carbon emission calculation model, accurate carbon emission data was obtained. This study’s findings indicate a correlation between the embodied carbon emissions and the area of underground space in the cases analyzed. Specifically, larger underground spaces were associated with higher embodied carbon emissions in underground engineering. Furthermore, this study categorized the cases into two groups based on the presence or absence of underground space, resulting in the identification of 16 factors for cases without underground space and 19 factors for cases with underground space. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding and mitigating the impact of carbon emissions during the materialization phase of underground construction in public buildings.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"119 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Space Efficiency of Tall Buildings in Turkey 评估土耳其高层建筑的空间效率

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072138

Özlem Nur Aslantamer, H. E. Ilgın

{"title":"Evaluating Space Efficiency of Tall Buildings in Turkey","authors":"Özlem Nur Aslantamer, H. E. Ilgın","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072138","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the increasing building demands in Turkey, particularly in the metropolitan area of Istanbul, followed by other major cities such as Ankara and Izmir, the expansion of construction zones has led to the emergence of tall towers as a pragmatic solution. The design and implementation of tall buildings require newer technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration in aspects such as facade installation, vertical circulation solutions, and fire systems, compared to low-rise buildings. In spite of the proliferation of skyscrapers, there is a noticeable lack of thorough study on space efficiency in Turkey’s tall buildings. This article aims to fill this significant gap in the literature. The research method employed in this study focuses on a case study of 54 modern towers constructed in Turkey between 2010 and 2023, ranging in height from 147 to 284 m. Key findings are as follows: (1) residential use, central core, and prismatic forms are the most prevalent architectural preferences; (2) the most preferred structural material and system are concrete and the shear-walled frame system, respectively; (3) average space efficiency and the percentage of core-to-gross-floor area (GFA) were 78% and 19%, respectively, with measurement ranges varying from a minimum of 64% and 9% to a maximum of 86% and 34%. This paper will provide insight for construction stakeholders, especially architects, for sound planning decisions in the development of Turkish tall buildings.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"132 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environment Assessment of Modified Red Mud Utilized in Roadbed 路基使用改良红泥的环境评估

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072135

Yu Cheng, Na Jiang, Wentong Wang, Lu Jin, Shiying Yan

{"title":"Environment Assessment of Modified Red Mud Utilized in Roadbed","authors":"Yu Cheng, Na Jiang, Wentong Wang, Lu Jin, Shiying Yan","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072135","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of red mud in road projects is an effective way to consume large amounts of red mud on a large scale. In order to meet the requirements for road performance, a modified material, Heinchem, has been developed on the basis of extensive experiments, and the long-term environmental risks of red mud modified by this material have been investigated. By collecting and modifying original red mud samples, a series of continuous leaching tank experiments are carried out based on the exposure scenario analysis. According to the leaching content of pollution in the original and modified red mud, the characteristic pollutants are identified. The release mechanism of these characteristic pollutants in the modified red mud is revealed, and the long-term release amount is predicted. Furthermore, in light of the actual road use scenario of the modified red mud, a risk assessment model is established and used to simulate the release, migration, and transformation of characteristic pollutants during the use of modified red mud as roadbed material. The groundwater environmental risk is then assessed. Finally, an acute toxicity test of earthworms and a seed germination test are conducted to investigate the impact of the modified red mud on the farmlands. The results showed that the proposed red mud modified materials have obvious curing effects on V, As, Se, Mo, and F. When the leaching contents of V, Cr6+, Cr3+, As3+, Se4+, Se6+, Mo, and F in the modified red mud were lower than 0.15 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.012 mg/L, 0.012 mg/L, 0.012 mg/L, 0.075 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, respectively, the environmental risk of modified red mud during long-term road use is acceptable. This study provides a new way for the resource utilization of red mud.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"113 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusion of Thermal Point Cloud Series of Buildings for Inspection in Virtual Reality 在虚拟现实中融合建筑物热点云序列进行检测

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072127

Emiliano Pérez, P. Merchán, Alejandro Espacio, S. Salamanca

引用次数: 0

A Study of the Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams with Synthetic Fibers Reinforced with Glass and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars 用玻璃纤维和玄武岩纤维增强聚合物棒增强合成纤维混凝土梁的剪切行为研究

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072123

Isabela Oliveira Duarte, N. Forti, L. L. Pimentel, A. E. Jacintho

{"title":"A Study of the Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams with Synthetic Fibers Reinforced with Glass and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars","authors":"Isabela Oliveira Duarte, N. Forti, L. L. Pimentel, A. E. Jacintho","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072123","url":null,"abstract":"The use of synthetic materials with high corrosion resistance in a concrete matrix yields structures that are more durable and suitable for use in aggressive environments, eliminating the need for frequent maintenance. Examples of such materials include glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars (FRP). Due to the low modulus of elasticity of these bars, concrete elements reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars tend to exhibit cracks with wider openings and greater depths compared to those reinforced with steel rebars, which diminishes the element’s shear resistance. The addition of discontinuous fibers into the concrete aims to maintain stress transfer across the cracks, thereby enhancing the shear capacity and ductility of FRP-reinforced structures. This study evaluates the impact of fiber addition on the shear resistance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars. An experimental investigation was conducted, focusing on the partial and complete substitution of stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers in concrete beams reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars and stirrups. This research examined beams reinforced with glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars. For the initial set of beams, all stirrups were replaced with synthetic macro fibers. In the subsequent set, macro fibers were added to beams with insufficient stirrups. Although the complete replacement of GFRP and BFRP stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers did not alter the brittle shear failure mode, it did enhance the shear resistance capacity by 78.5% for GFRP-reinforced beams and 60.4% for BFRP-reinforced beams. Furthermore, the addition of macro fibers to beams with insufficient stirrups, characterized by excessive spacing, changed the failure mode from brittle shear to pseudo-ductile flexural failure due to concrete crushing. In such instances, the failure load increased by 18.8% for beams with GFRP bars and 22.8% for beams with BFRP bars.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"79 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0