Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing groundwater quality index prediction in data-scarce regions: Application of advanced artificial intelligence models in Nagaland, India","authors":"Subhrajyoti Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) serves as a critical benchmark for assessing the long-term impacts of anthropogenic activities and natural processes on groundwater quality. However, calculating GQI from irregular datasets containing multiple parameters is often prone to errors. Despite growing interest in machine learning for water quality assessment, very few studies have explored groundwater quality prediction in data-scarce topographically complex regions. Moreover, limited efforts have been made to compare a wide range of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models under variable input scenarios using actual field data. To address this research gap, this study employs eight advanced AI models—Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Autoregressive Model (AR), Locally-weighted Linear Regression (LLR), M5P tree, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Random Forest (RF), Random Subspace (RS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—to predict GQI in Nagaland, a data-scarce hilly region in northeastern India. The research focuses on identifying an optimal subset regression for two scenarios: one optimizing GQI computation time by incorporating all water quality parameters, and the other exploring variations using the most sensitive parameters. Key findings reveal strong linear relationships between hydro-chemical parameters and GQI, with significant correlations such as Na⁺ with TDS (0.936) and Mg²⁺ with GQI (0.922). Sensitivity analysis identifies TDS and TH as primary determinants of GQI. Among the models, MLR achieves higher accuracy in the first scenario, with performance metrics of R (correlation coefficient) = 0.9999, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) = 0.0001, and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) = 0.0002 %. In contrast, ANN performs better in the second scenario, with MAE = 2.4718, R = 0.9977, and RAE = 3.5463 %. These results highlight the efficacy of advanced AI models in enhancing GQI prediction accuracy, particularly in data-scarce regions like Nagaland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long waves propagating at the interface between an inviscid subsonic gas and an Oldroyd-B liquid flowing down an oblique substrate","authors":"Ahmed Assaf ,&nbsp;Sameh A. Alkharashi","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present problem investigated the dynamics of a fine layer for Oldroyd-B liquid moving down an inclined plate subject to a subsonic gas. Solitons propagating at such an interface were investigated to enhance the work novelty. The technique of thin film was employed to get an evolution relation that prescribes such an interface shape along time increase. The treatment based on linear theory was employed. The stability might be enhanced by means of increasing gas thickness and surface tension or decreasing the perturbation coefficient of gas. The viscosity ratio, Reynolds number, and relaxation time had a dual impact. The presence of moving solitons was illustrated under certain conditions for such a film. The nonlinear expectations could be more precision to prescribe the instability compared to the linear one. The present results did give an acceptable practical implementation of potential applications besides facilitating the way to precise numerical simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the Bay of Bengal cyclones during 2001–20 and impact of scatterometer winds through composite analysis","authors":"Ipshita Bhasi ,&nbsp;Jagabandhu Panda ,&nbsp;Subodh Kumar ,&nbsp;Debashis Paul ,&nbsp;Ashish Routray","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively investigates the dynamic, and thermodynamic characteristics associated with pre-monsoon and post-monsoon tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal during 2001–20. For this purpose, numerical simulations using Weather Research and Forecasting model (called CTRL) and the outputs with assimilation through three-dimensional variational data assimilation techniques (called DA) are used. The DA experiments considered modified initial conditions that are generated by employing assimilated scatterometer winds. Accordingly, a total of 74 model simulations are carried out for 37 TCs categorized as Cyclonic Storm (CS), Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS), and Highly Intensified Cyclonic Storm (HICS), for preparing the composites. Composite analysis involving different category TCs is performed, where the simulated results are compared against India Meteorological Department observations and the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA). The comparison provides an insight regarding the model performance, where DA demonstrates improved estimation of maximum sustained wind, minimum sea level pressure and cyclone track. The seasonal variations of the dynamic characteristics consisting of vertical wind shear, vorticity, and tangential and radial winds are found to strengthen along with TC intensity. Also, an increase in the rate of convergence supported by well-defined wind fields is realized at the TC center. In most instances, both experiments demonstrate similar trends, but DA exhibits improvement in the estimations, specifically for SCS and HICS categories. However, a limited impact of scatterometer wind data assimilation is realized on the dynamic behavior of CS category TCs. The impact is also found to be limited on the thermodynamic properties of all three categories, although the seasonal variation reveals a consistent increasing trend of temperature anomalies with TC intensity, indicating an association with the intensification process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of thunderstorm evolution using deep learning models with doppler weather radar observations over southern part of India","authors":"Dharmadas Jash ,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar ,&nbsp;Arka Roy ,&nbsp;E.A. Resmi ,&nbsp;R.K. Sumesh ,&nbsp;C.K. Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Nita Sukumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thunderstorms are severe weather phenomena causing heavy rainfall and lightning that poses serious threat to agriculture, infrastructure and lives in general. Short scale nature of these events makes it difficult to predict them. In this study we have made an attempt at thunderstorm nowcasting using Deep Learning (DL) models with Doppler weather radar (DWR) data, for the first time over the Indian region. This study utilizes data from a C-band DWR installed at Space Physics Laboratory (8.52 N, 76.89E), Thiruvananthapuram (southern tip of India). DL models incorporating Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture have been developed to predict evolution of pre-monsoon (Mar-May) thunderstorms over southern peninsular India. MAXZ (maximum reflectivity along the vertical) reflectivity data of thunderstorm events during pre-monsoons of 2018–2024 have been used for training and testing of the DL models. Total 4 models have been trained. For 15 &amp; 30 minutes ahead predictions, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for the test samples are about 0.8 dB and 1.2 dB respectively. Our DL models are capable of predicting the main convective areas (Z &gt; 40 dBZ) for both 15 and 30 minutes ahead predictions better than some earlier studies. Evolution of the thunderstorm on 13-May-2018 has been studied in detail. Movement of the system has been tracked by following the center of the largest cluster of high reflectivity (Z &gt; 40 dBZ) values. All the four models were able to capture the overall spatial patterns of the reflectivity field well. For 15 minutes ahead predictions, the models predict the movement of the center reasonably well. The scatter plot between the direction of true movement &amp; predicted movement of the center are well correlated. The study demonstrates the ability of the deep learning models in predicting the evolution of thunderstorms over Indian region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does HAIKUI remnant produce heavy precipitation in 2023","authors":"Ping Ye ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Haoya Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2023, HAIKUI's prolonged remnant caused exceptional destruction, exposing critical gaps in understanding tropical cyclone (TC) remnant dynamics. While existing studies have documented decay processes of TC remnant, systematic analyses of stage-dependent moisture transport remain lacking. This study combines multi-source data to reveal HAIKUI remnant's structural evolution, moisture trajectories, and precipitation drivers. During the persistence of the HAIKUI remnant, the mountain ranges together with environmental airflow played a pivotal role in isolating the low-pressure system, maintaining its coverage largely unchanged. Based on temporal variations, the lifecycle of HAIKUI remnant can be segmented into three distinct stages: the moving stage, the charging stage, and the separating stage. In the moving stage, the center of HAIKUI remnant and the corresponding rain band gradually shifted westward, exhibiting both barotropic and baroclinic characteristics. The charging stage marked a period where HAIKUI remnant's center hovered over Guangxi Province. The dominance of barotropic structure enhanced moisture convergence, generating an arc-shaped heavy rainfall belt. In the separating stage, the mid- and low-level centers of HAIKUI remnant moved toward opposing directions, resulting in a primarily baroclinic circulation structure. The convergence of cold and warm air led to precipitation in the Pearl River Delta region. The findings highlighted the impact of topography and moisture transport on the evolution and precipitation of TC remnant, offering valuable insights for future predictions of precipitation- and flood-related disasters caused by such remnants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the complexity of tropical cyclone landfall dynamics through the integration of radar data","authors":"Sankhasubhra Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Nikita Goswami ,&nbsp;Sandeep Pattnaik ,&nbsp;B.A.M. Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Indian subcontinent often led to devastating impacts, especially during landfall. This study exclusively investigates the dynamical changes of the TCs during their landfall phases, covering pre-landfall (PrL), during-landfall (DL), and post-landfall (PoL) periods. Three landfalling TCs—Hudhud (2014), Titli (2018), and Fani (2019)—are simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, incorporating Doppler Weather Radar reflectivity (Rf) data through two sets of experiments: CNTL (without Rf assimilation) and Rf_DA (with Rf assimilation). Rf_DA has minimal impact on the TC track; however, it significantly improves the intensity in terms of minimum central pressure (MCP, 43 % &amp; 8 % reduced error) and maximum sustained surface wind (MSSW, 53 % &amp; 15 % reduced error) for Hudhud and Fani, respectively, during the landfall process. The weakening phase is accurately captured, and structural changes in the DL phase are closely aligned with observations for Rf_DA. Realistic rainfall distribution and associated thermodynamic processes during DL and PoL are better replicated in Rf_DA compared to CNTL. The water budget analysis shows that lower-level moisture convergence (1000–700hPa) and upper-level (400–100hPa) advection are the dominant factors regulating DL and PoL rainfall characteristics of TCs. Furthermore, TC-associated rainfall is strongly influenced by frozen hydrometeors at the mid to upper-level (600–200hPa) and liquid hydrometeors at the lower-level (1000–700hPa) in the DL and PoL phases. In summary, incorporating Rf data considerably improved the key features of TCs—the structure, intensity, and rainfall patterns during the landfall phase. These findings have significant implications for improving early warning systems for TC landfall, especially in coastal areas with high population densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raindrop size distribution characteristics of summer and autumn tropical cyclones in the South China Sea based on satellite observations","authors":"Guiling Qian ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Li ,&nbsp;Jianfei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of Raindrop size distribution (RSD) not only deepens the understanding of the microphysical processes of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation, but also has practical value for improving the accuracy of precipitation forecasts. A total of 85 tropical cyclones that formed or passed through the South China Sea (SCS) from 2014 to 2022 were selected, of which 77 had relatively complete shapes in the satellite datasets. The basic characteristics of TCs in summer and autumn were compared using synthetic analysis, and the differences in the RSD characteristics were analyzed in particular. The results show that mass-weighted mean diameter (<em>D</em>_<em>m</em>) larger than 1.8 mm mainly appears below 5 km, with a probability of less than 0.16 %. In terms of precipitation rate (<em>R</em>), the increase in normalized intercept parameter (<em>N</em>_<em>w</em>) is as important as the increase in <em>D</em>_<em>m</em> to the enhancement of <em>R</em>. The <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> of small-diameter raindrops in the summer with <em>R</em> in the range of 2–5 mm/h is higher than that in autumn, while the <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> of large-diameter raindrops is higher in autumn when the <em>R</em> is greater than 40 mm/h. Compared with none-South China Sea (NSCS) TCs, heavy precipitation in SCS TCs is mainly composed of a higher <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> of small raindrops. Compared with TCs observed in eastern China, TCs in the SCS have a higher <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> and small <em>D</em>_<em>m</em>. Compared with TCs observed in summer, TCs in autumn have a higher <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> of smaller diameters and a higher average <em>N</em>_<em>w</em> at all altitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of climate characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau based on mathematical statistics and vegetation response research","authors":"Yida Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau(TP)’s profound influence on East Asian atmospheric circulation and its indicative role in shaping global climate patterns have garnered widespread scientific interest. This study employs the statistical method of Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) analysis to conduct an objective climate regionalization of the TP. The plateau is subdivided into five regions, and a detailed analysis is conducted on the 73-year trends of precipitation, temperature, ground temperature, evaporation, and wind speed in each of the five subregions. The study reveals that, since the start of observations, precipitation in the northern TP has undergone a transition from high to low, followed by a gradual increase. In contrast, precipitation in the southern TP has shown a slight decrease in recent years. Both air temperature and ground temperature across the TP exhibit an overall oscillatory warming trend. Meanwhile, evaporation has decreased, and wind speed has declined across the entire plateau. The combined effects of precipitation, temperature, evaporation, and wind speed have led to a pronounced warming and wetting trend in the northern TP, while the southern region exhibits a warming and drying trend. This is closely related to the complex mechanisms driven by the interplay of westerlies and monsoons over the TP. Since 2003, changes in the vegetation index on the plateau have shown a strong positive correlation with precipitation, indicating that precipitation is one of the key factors influencing vegetation on the TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lived and short-lived heatwaves in the North China Plain: Characteristics and teleconnection mechanisms","authors":"Jinhua CHEN ,&nbsp;Kuo YAN ,&nbsp;Cheng FU ,&nbsp;Jian SHI","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric heatwave events have substantial socioeconomic impacts, which have been hotly investigated as extreme events under global climate change. Previous studies indicated that heatwaves in the North China Plain (NCP) are often induced by the local foehn heating of the Taihang Mountains and the circulation anomalies partly due to remote teleconnection. However, limited study classified and analyzed the differences between short-lived and long-lived heatwaves over the NCP, in particular in terms of their formation and maintenance mechanisms. Our results indicate that the anomalous ridge and related enhancement of diabatic heating in the lower troposphere play a more significant role in the persistence of long-lived heatwaves in the NCP. By analyzing wave activity flux and Rossby wave source, we find that circulation and diabatic heating anomalies over Mediterranean Sea and Turkey, related to the precipitation anomalies there, excite Rossby wave train that propagates eastward, triggering and maintaining the anomalous ridge over the NCP. This study highlights the potential predictability of long-lived heatwaves in the NCP from the perspective of Rossby wave teleconnection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of WRF tropical cyclone simulations in the Philippines to different SST data","authors":"Juan Paolo P. Pamintuan ,&nbsp;Gerry Bagtasa","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the accuracy of tropical cyclone (TC) simulations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, has been an increasingly important endeavor. Sea-air moisture and energy fluxes are mainly driven by sea surface temperature (SST) and the mixed layer underneath, which have significant effects on the formation and intensification of TCs. We investigated the sensitivity of three Philippine TCs - Typhoons Mangkhut, Goni, and Rai - to different SST datasets and a 1-D ocean mixed layer (OML) model in WRF. We found that the WRF runs with the high-resolution SST data update showed improvements in modeled maximum wind speed and consequently improved the simulated tracks over the archipelagic and/or coastal waters of the Philippines, as it gave better confidence in the (intensity-based) tracking algorithm after TCs made landfall in the country. TC-associated rainfall was also found to be sensitive to SST-updated model runs. Our results show that the use of SST significantly reduces the dry bias of WRF-simulated TC rainfall. The use of the high-resolution GHRSST dataset yielded the best TC simulation results over other SST data by simulating the sensible and latent heat or moisture fluxes over land and sea along coastlines better across the inland archipelagic waters of the Philippines. Disasters due to TCs are often brought about by strong winds and heavy rains over land. Considering that virtually no added computational cost is incurred in including SST update in the WRF model, the use of SST in TC modeling is an efficient method to improve TC hazard simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}