Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans最新文献

{"title":"An integrated deep-learning and WRF-ELEC framework for lightning-risk warning in wind farms","authors":"Yiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Guan Wang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Shiwei Du,&nbsp;Ikromjon Usmonovich Rakhmonov,&nbsp;Kurbonov Nurbek Nurullo Ugli","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind farms are frequently exposed to lightning hazards. Therefore, meteorological parameter prediction for lightning activity and physically interpretable process verification are needed. In this study, very-short-term forecasting of lightning-related meteorological variables, lightning-day identification, and WRF-ELEC simulation were integrated to construct a lightning-warning framework for wind farms. Specifically, the CNN-BiLG-ECA model was proposed to predict hub-height wind speed and relative humidity in the Dezhou region, the Logistic-NN model was used for lightning-day identification, and WRF-ELEC was applied to simulate lightning activity and provide physical interpretation for the warning framework. The CNN-BiLG-ECA model achieved R² values of 0.9791 and 0.9845 for very-short-term forecasting of wind speed and relative humidity, respectively. The Logistic-NN model obtained Precision = 0.522, Recall = 0.889, F1 = 0.658, and AUC = 0.946 at a threshold of 0.55. When forecast wind speed and relative humidity were used in the test stage, F1 and AUC decreased to 0.639 and 0.933, respectively. The high-value regions of IUI generally appeared near the lightning-active areas simulated by WRF-ELEC, with a clearer correspondence during the mature convective stage. Neighborhood-based comparison with LMI observations showed that the WRF-ELEC lightning-detection metrics were sensitive to the ERA5 forcing interval. However, FAR increased to 0.4167 and 0.6400 at the 3-h and 6-h forcing intervals, respectively. This framework provides a technical pathway that combines risk screening and physical verification for lightning warning in wind farms, but further multi-process and probabilistic validation is still needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 101700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale meteorological drivers of extreme rainfall in December 2023 over Southern Peninsular India","authors":"Ahire Piyush,&nbsp;Medha Deshpande,&nbsp;Sahadat Sarakar,&nbsp;Emmanuel Rongmie,&nbsp;Manisha Tupsoundare,&nbsp;Sachin Deshpande,&nbsp;Snehlata Tirkey,&nbsp;Revanth Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case study investigates the role of large-scale atmospheric drivers, specifically convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs), in modulating the Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) associated with the extreme rainfall event over South Tamil Nadu during 17–18 December 2023. For this event, MCSs are tracked using PyFLEXTRKR. The analysis identifies anomalous extreme rainfall associated with the MCS. The evolution of the apparent heat source (Q₁) shows persistent deep diabatic heating during the mature stage of the MCS, which generates a pronounced mid-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV). The co-evolution of deep diabatic heating and the PV reflects the development of an organized convective system capable of sustaining deep convection and producing the observed extreme rainfall. MCSs interact with the active phases of equatorial Rossby (ER), Kelvin (KW), and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves. The MRG wave enhances atmospheric moisture transport during the initial stage of MCS development, while the subsequent active phase of the ER wave sustains the moisture supply, i.e., indicating a transition from MRG-dominated moisture transport before the MCS traversed over land to ER-dominated moisture transport over land, thereby providing a favourable large-scale environment for the growth and maintenance of deep convection. Overall, the results demonstrate that the interaction of multiple CCEWs plays a crucial role in enhancing moisture transport, organizing convection, and maintaining favourable environmental conditions for MCS evolution, ultimately leading to extreme rainfall over South Tamil Nadu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 101699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of SQG Kolmogorov flow","authors":"Mac Lee ,&nbsp;Stefan G. Llewellyn Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stability analysis is performed on surface quasigeostrophic systems subjected to Kolmogorov-type forcing on the boundaries using linear and nonlinear approaches. For a surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) system of semi-infinite depth forced on the upper boundary, the wavelength corresponding to the most linearly unstable mode is 2.74 times the energy injection length scale. This is contrary to two-dimensional fluid systems, where the linear instability is greatest for long waves. In the presence of damping, the most linearly unstable mode shifts towards shorter length scales. The nonlinear critical Reynolds number across different damping strengths is found to be qualitatively similar to that of Euler 2D systems. For an SQG system of finite thickness being forced on both boundaries, its behaviour approaches that of a semi-infinite SQG system at the large thickness limit. In the small thickness limit, the behaviour of a symmetrically forced fluid layer approaches that of a 2D system, while an antisymmetrically forced fluid layer is not susceptible to both linear and nonlinear instabilities. With ageostrophic effects, an SQG+ system of semi-infinite depth is much more prone to instabilities than an otherwise identical SQG system in the absence of damping due to the instability of long-wave modes. However, damping significantly suppresses such instabilities. With increasing damping, the most linearly unstable mode moves towards a smaller length scale. Contrary to the zero damping case, when the damping is sufficiently large, ageostrophic effects have a small but measurable stabilizing effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 101680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Comparing the upper-ocean response associated with two pre-monsoon tropical cyclones over the Arabian Sea” [Dyn. Atmosph. Ocean. 114 (2026) 101666]","authors":"Athuldev A V ,&nbsp;Ruma Samajdar ,&nbsp;Akhil Varghese","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 101669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations and trends of very wet days in Iran","authors":"Ali Kianjam ,&nbsp;Omid Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Samaneh Sabetghadam","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The changing frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events has raised concerns for ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources. While global analyses indicate an overall increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation, subregional deviations can occur due to local climate variability, highlighting the need for detailed regional assessments to evaluate risks and develop effective mitigation strategies. Despite Iran’s vulnerability to climate extremes, few studies have examined seasonal variations in extreme precipitation and the occurrence of very wet days. This study analyzes the spatial distribution, intensity, and frequency of very wet days across Iran using daily data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) for the period 1997–2023. Thresholds for very wet days in each season were defined using a percentile-based approach. Results indicate that precipitation is highest in western Iran and the Caspian Sea region, while eastern Iran remains drier throughout the year. Very wet days show distinct seasonal and regional patterns, with the highest frequency in northern and northwestern Iran during spring, and the highest intensity in the western half of the country during winter. In summer, both the frequency and intensity of very wet days reach their minimum across most regions due to the dominance of subtropical high pressure, except for the southern parts of southeastern Iran, which are influenced by the Indian monsoon. Trend analysis reveals a pronounced decline in both the intensity and frequency of very wet days in southwestern Iran during winter, reflecting local and regional influences despite the global trend toward intensifying extreme precipitation. In contrast, increasing trends are observed in parts of southern and southwestern Iran during autumn. These findings demonstrate that the response of extreme precipitation to climate change can vary markedly across subregional scales and seasons, underscoring the importance of region- and season-specific assessments for effective water resource management and climate adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean–atmosphere drivers of Northeast Indian monsoon: Linking ENSO–IOD teleconnections along with machine learning forecasts","authors":"Gayatri Das ,&nbsp;Partha Pratim Sarkar ,&nbsp;Mohd Nazish Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northeast India (NEI) is one of the wettest regions in the world and remains acutely vulnerable to floods and landslides. This study investigates how the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) along with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulate Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) over NEI during 1965–2024, using rainfall data, reanalysis and observational datasets, climate indices and CMIP6 (MIROC6) simulations. Correlation, lead–lag, regression, and composite analyses were applied to rainfall, upper-level (200 hPa) and low-level (850 hPa) winds, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Sea-Surface Height (SSH), while extremes were characterized through the 95th-percentile frequency, duration, and intensity indices. Results show that rainfall variability in NEI is strongly coupled to low-level westerlies, SST, and SSH anomalies. ENSO emerges as the dominant driver: El Niño years produce rainfall deficits (−0.79 mm day⁻¹), whereas La Niña years yield surpluses (+0.88 mm day⁻¹) and more frequent, longer, and stronger extreme events. The IOD acts as a secondary but contrasting influence, with positive IOD phases suppressing NEI rainfall (−1.84 mm day⁻¹) despite enhancing rainfall elsewhere in India, while negative IOD phases induce only minor deficits (−0.22 mm day⁻¹). Lead–lag analysis confirms that the Niño-3.4 signal peaks at 0 to + 3 months and shows a coherent spatial projection over northern and eastern NEI, whereas the IOD influence is weaker and more spatially fragmented. In addition to these observations, the study makes use of machine learning techniques to forecast the IOD phases. In addition to capturing interannual variability with R² ≈ 0.92, Temporal Convolutional Networks combined with Decision Forest (TCN+DF) and conventional models like Random Forest (RF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers achieved moderate to superior skill in identifying IOD phases (ACC ≈0.54–0.92), confirming that integrating different climatic variables along with large-scale ocean–atmosphere anomalies for a significant period of time provides effective predictive information. These results highlight the significance of combining ENSO–IOD monitoring with data-driven prediction frameworks to improve regional flood early warning systems and explain why NEI rainfall responses differ from pan-Indian monsoon patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of AMO on the trend changes of extreme precipitation over southeast Xizang in summer","authors":"Teng Wang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Limin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Southeast Xizang receives the highest precipitation within the region. However, it is frequently affected by geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows triggered by extreme precipitation, resulting in significant economic losses. Research on the evolution and formation of extreme precipitation events in this area is of practical significance for improving local disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study focuses on the trend of extreme precipitation frequency in southeast Xizang between June and September from 1981 to 2020, emphasizing turning points within the trend and exploring their underlying mechanisms. It was conducted based on the daily precipitation statistics in southeast Xizang, the fifth generation atmospheric (ERA5) reanalysis statistics from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and global sea surface temperature from the Hadley Center. The results show that within the analyzed interval, the frequency of extreme precipitation events followed a \"rise-decline-rise\" pattern, with the two turning points occurring in the mid-1990s and mid-2000s, respectively. The declining trend in extreme precipitation frequency is primarily associated with weakened vertical ascending motion, which is linked to a reduction in the strength of the East Asian westerly jet. Further research reveals that the East Atlantic West Russia (EAWR) teleconnection pattern serves as a key bridge connecting the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) with changes in extreme precipitation frequency in southeast Xizang. The positive phase of AMO, characterized by elevated North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, enhances convective activity in the region. This enhancement stimulates the anomalous wave activity over the North Atlantic sea surface, which contributes to the development and propagation of the EAWR teleconnections. Ultimately, it will lead to the positive geopotential height anomaly over Lake Baikal and Northeast China and the negative geopotential height anomaly over Southeast China. These anomalies mitigate the strength of the upper-level East Asian westerly jet stream over Eurasia. Consequently, the vertical ascending motion over southeast Xizang reduces, resulting in the observed turning point increasing and decreasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of low-frequency activities of Northeast China cold vortices and their impacts on the precipitation in Northeast China","authors":"Xiaoxuan Su ,&nbsp;Yihe Fang ,&nbsp;Ling Zhu ,&nbsp;Chenghan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenghua Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on daily precipitation data from 87 national rain gauge stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2023 and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data, This study reveals the characteristics of low-frequency activities of Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) during the warm season and their impact on precipitation in Northeast China. The results show that the low-frequency activities of NCCV are closely related to the intraseasonal oscillation of middle-high latitudes. When the low-frequency NCCV activities reach the strongest, the geopotential height field over Northeast China exhibits negative anomalies, and the high-latitudes of the Eurasian continent show an anomaly pattern of “− + −”. When the NCCV key area is controlled by high-pressure anomalies, the middle-high latitudes are dominated by the East Asian-Pacific pattern from May to June. From July to September, the East Asian-Pacific pattern is weak and the Eurasian pattern is dominant. During the active phase of NCCV, Northeast China is under the control of a strong westerly jet, which is conducive to upper-level divergence. This further promotes the maintenance and development of cold vortices. At this time, the NCCV is located between two jets, which benefits energy accumulation and moisture transport. Moreover, there is obvious ascending motion over Northeast China, providing favorable dynamic conditions for notable low-frequency precipitation. The upper level low-frequency vorticity can also reflect the propagation of low frequency oscillations in the NCCV key area, as well as its upstream and downstream regions. When the NCCV is the strongest, the rear of the key area is controlled by positive vorticity anomalies, while the front is controlled by negative vorticity anomalies. The phases of NCCV low-frequency activities have good indications for cold vortex precipitation in early summer and midsummer in Northeast China. From phases 1–4, the low-frequency precipitation in Northeast China is less. As the low-frequency NCCV forms, develops and moves eastward (phases 5–8), the low-frequency rain band generates in the Liaoning Province and gradually moves northeastward, affecting Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. As the low-frequency NCCV weakens and moves out, the precipitation in Northeast China gradually decreases from southwest to northeast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomagnetic unsteady convection of nanofluid flow in an inclined-field cavity","authors":"Majdeddin Emad ,&nbsp;Payam Jalili ,&nbsp;Bahram Jalili ,&nbsp;Davood Domiri Ganji","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work concisely investigates unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection of nanofluids within a confined enclosure subjected to an inclined magnetic field and internal heat generation or absorption. Utilizing the Buongiorno model, which incorporates thermophoresis and Brownian motion, the coupled mass, momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration equations are solved using the finite element method (FEM), which is an efficient procedure for solving two-dimensional thermal problems. Parametric analysis is carried out over Reynolds, Hartmann, and Schmidt numbers, magnetic field inclination angle, and heat source/sink strength. Results indicate that higher Reynolds numbers significantly enhance fluid flow and the mean Nusselt number. Increasing Hartmann numbers suppresses convection but yields modest improvements in heat transfer. A magnetic inclination of 30° maximizes heat transfer efficiency. Elevated Schmidt numbers enhance momentum transport but decrease thermal efficiency due to reduced mass diffusivity. Internal heat generation significantly enhances heat transfer performance, resulting in nearly a 300 % increase in Nusselt numbers at the base wall under conditions of heat generation. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic coupling of nanoparticle transport, magnetic control, and thermal regulation in unsteady MHD systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing coastal sea level monitoring: Calibration of Jason-3 and Sentinel-3A altimetry data using tide gauge observations in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea","authors":"Mahmoud Pirooznia,&nbsp;Hany Mahbuby","doi":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2026.101647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite altimetry is a key technology for monitoring sea level variability, yet its performance in coastal zones is limited by complex hydrodynamic processes (e.g., tidal distortion, nonlinear overtides, and strong coastal currents), land contamination, and inaccuracies in geophysical corrections. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a nonlinear, Fourier-based calibration framework for the Jason-3 and Sentinel-3A altimetry missions and by quantitatively assessing its impact on coastal tidal modeling. Unlike conventional linear or fixed-constituent harmonic approaches, the proposed method adaptively identifies dominant error frequencies directly from altimetry–tide gauge differences, enabling the correction of tidal, atmospheric, and instrument-related periodic errors without prior assumptions. Results show that the Fourier model reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) between satellite-derived and tide-gauge–measured sea level heights by 39.5 % (to 0.078 m) at Karachi and 37.0 % (to 0.085 m) at Rajaei two independent validation stations. A comprehensive k-fold cross-validation across all Persian Gulf and Oman Sea tide gauges confirms the robustness and spatial generalizability of this approach, yielding mean RMSE reductions of 41.0 % for Jason-3 and 32.9 % for Sentinel-3A. Beyond improving altimetry accuracy, the calibrated data significantly enhance tidal constituent estimation (M2, S2, K1, O1), outperforming global tidal models when evaluated against independent tide gauge observations. This improvement directly strengthens coastal applications such as high-resolution hydrodynamic forecasting, port and harbor design, and flood risk assessment. By integrating satellite and in-situ measurements within a nonlinear spectral framework, this study establishes a scalable and transferable approach for regional satellite-based sea level monitoring, offering practical value for coastal zone management and climate adaptation in semi-enclosed and dynamically complex marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50563,"journal":{"name":"Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}