Electric Power Systems Research最新文献

{"title":"Post-fault voltage recovery and voltage instability assessment of DC microgrid with Deep Transfer-learning Convolution Neural Network","authors":"V. Shanmugapriya ,&nbsp;S. Vidyasagar ,&nbsp;D.Koteswara Raju","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme events lead to undesirable scenarios in a Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integrated DC microgrid. On higher penetration of renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic Systems (PV's), and wind and battery energy storage systems, the instability in the microgrid tends to increase due to the presence of converter dynamics during faults and sudden changes of loads. This voltage instability becomes inherent in a highly renewable energy source penetrated DC microgrid system since the system operations rely entirely on the converters. Since the DC microgrid is mainly connected to the distribution system, it is also important to maintain the nominal voltage at <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> according EN 50155 standard. This paper proposes a deep learning-based post-fault voltage recovery and voltage instability assessment to reconnect the DC microgrid. In this research, a Deep transfer learning-based Convolution Neural Network (DTCNN) is adapted for the first time, which uses the features extracted from raw time-series data converted into spectrums with small samples, then pre-trained for online assessment for voltage instability in a DC microgrid. The proposed mechanism performs a visualization of a high dimensional data classification using T-distributed Stochastic Neighbourhood Embedding (t-SNE) to correlate between high dimensional data features and improve the generalized performance of the DTCNN. If the voltage stability indicator is a non-zero value, then the DC microgrid will likely perform event-triggered preventive control or remedial actions by disconnecting DERs/VSCs or balancing power through a readily dispatchable Energy Storage System. Extensive Time Domain Simulation (TDS) for post-fault transient response is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform®. The results provide insight into the post-fault recovery and voltage instability assessment for the DC microgrid subject to fault and islanding events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of low-voltage ride-through control techniques on the thermal behavior of power converters applied to wind energy conversion systems based on the doubly-fed induction generator","authors":"Igor Rodrigues de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fernando Lessa Tofoli ,&nbsp;Victor Flores Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are particularly sensitive to voltage sags, which can potentially damage the back-to-back converter in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). In particular, the rotor-side converter (RSC) may experience overvoltage and, consequently, overcurrent under such disturbances. While numerous low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) techniques that can ensure compliance with modern grid codes and maintain overall system stability are available in the literature, little attention has been given to the thermal analysis of power semiconductors during voltage sags. This work thoroughly analyzes key variables in DFIG-based systems subjected to symmetrical and asymmetrical disturbances, focusing on thermal stresses on the back-to-back converter. Distinct LVRT control techniques and their impacts on the junction temperature of power semiconductors are also assessed in detail, using simulations in PLECS software. The results show that these techniques can effectively mitigate switching losses and conduction losses at the onset of the sag, directly influencing the operating temperature and lifespan of the devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of GLM detections of negative continuing currents observed by high-speed video and narrow-band 777 nm photometer","authors":"J. Roncancio,&nbsp;J. Montanyà,&nbsp;J. López,&nbsp;M. Urbani,&nbsp;O. van der Velde","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightning flashes with continuing currents are characterized by high energy transfer to ground that produces severe damage to electric power systems. Novel space-based optical lightning detection systems offer new possibilities to identify flashes with continuing currents. In this work, we analyze the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) detections of ten negative cloud-to-ground flashes observed from ground by a high-speed camera and a photometer. Results show that 10 out of 25 of the observed negative CG flashes produced continuing currents. In 6 out of 11 of the observed continuing currents, GLM provided more than four consecutive detections of events. The average duration of continuous detection of GLM events during continuing currents represents 10 % of the total duration of the continuing currents. The GLM detection limits compared with ground-based-optical instruments is related to the GLM sensitivity threshold. Additional Colombia Lightning Mapping Array data revealed that in-cloud positive leaders associated with the continuing currents propagate at low altitudes, corresponding to the midlevel negative charge region. The development of these leaders at low altitudes, along with weaker negative continuing currents levels compared to positive flashes, makes them challenging to detect by GLM. This work provides insights into the interpretation of space-based continuing currents optical detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business and pricing models for smart energy at building level: A Review","authors":"Fabio Lilliu ,&nbsp;Marco Pietrobon ,&nbsp;Diego Reforgiato Recupero","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition that energy grids have undergone in recent decades has brought significant changes: grid users can now produce energy as well as consume it, allowing energy to flow in both directions. Due to this and the evolution of appliances, prosumers (users that produce and consume energy) can now shift their energy loads in time and amount, providing what is known as energy flexibility. In return, energy flexibility allows users to assist energy providers through a process known as demand response. Additionally, the ability of grid users to both produce and consume energy has led to the rise of new structures like energy communities. These innovations have paved the way for new business and pricing models, enabling prosumers to obtain benefits for assisting providers, financially exploit flexibility, and regulate interactions in energy communities. This work aims to analyze and review novel business models in smart energy. Although there are many levels at which this transition has evolved the grid, one of the main changes has been enabling buildings to become energy producers. Specifically, this paper will concentrate on three main areas of interest: energy flexibility, demand response, and energy communities. It provides a comprehensive review of novel business models related to these topics, including both relevant reviews and actual novel business or pricing models that have been proposed in the past. We defined some features to classify these papers and that we used to carry out a comparative analysis of the retrieved papers. We discuss the overall findings, highlighting common patterns and similarities between the models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved electrogeometric model for shielding failure evaluation of double-circuit UHVAC transmission lines based on leader propagation simulations","authors":"Ziwei Ma ,&nbsp;Jasronita Jasni ,&nbsp;Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir ,&nbsp;Norhafiz Azis ,&nbsp;Yanhua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both the conventional electrogeometric method (EGM) and leader propagation method (LPM) exhibit deficiencies in predicting the shielding failure (SF) performance of UHV transmission lines (TLs). This paper is dedicated to propose an improved EGM (IEGM) model based on LPM simulations. Firstly, a finite element leader inception and propagation model (FEM-LPM) for lightning attachment to a double-circuit UHVAC TL was developed. Secondly, the effects of operating voltage, downward leader (DL) lateral distance, conductor sag, and terrains on the striking distance (SD) were analyzed using this LPM-FEM model. Simulations show that the operating voltage increases the SD of the ground wire. The increase in DL lateral distance slightly increases the upper phase SD. Increases in both conductor sag and slope cause an increase in exposure width of phase lines, which reduces the SF performance of the TL. Finally, an IEGM model adapted to different slope was proposed based on simulations, and the shielding failure rate (SFR) of the TL calculated based on this IEGM model is close to the field observations of a real case. Due to the lack of more statistics on SFR so far, the model is expected to be validated by more practical cases in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced resilience in smart grids: A neural network-based detection of data integrity attacks using improved war strategy optimization","authors":"H. Asadi Aghajari ,&nbsp;T. Niknam ,&nbsp;S.M. Sharifhosseini ,&nbsp;M.H. Taabodi ,&nbsp;Motahareh Pourbehzadi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the resilience and security of Smart Grid (SG) infrastructure is critical for sustainable energy management. This paper proposes a new probabilistic approach for identifying Data Integrity Attacks (DIAs), targeting decentralized consensus-based energy management algorithms. The method uniquely combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with an Improved War Strategy Optimization Algorithm (IWSOA) to determine optimal weight and bias factors, offering superior performance compared to existing techniques. Key advantages include: 1) it functions using only transmitted information and network topology, eliminating the need for private data access; 2) it is cost-effective and can be integrated into existing algorithm execution modules; 3) enhanced detection accuracy, achieving up to 99.5 % detection rate with 10 hidden neurons. The proposed framework demonstrates robust performance across various attack scenarios, effectively identifying DIAs in both single and multiple iterations. In a case study using the Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) system, the method successfully detected 99.5 % of attacks that would have resulted in a 21 % profit increase for the attacker, thereby protecting the system's integrity. This approach significantly enhances SG infrastructure's resilience against DIAs, contributing to more secure and sustainable energy management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overload mitigation for grid-forming inverters in islanded microgrids with synchronous generators","authors":"Jan Westman,&nbsp;Ramtin Hadidi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of inverter based resources (IBRs) in microgrid applications continues to increase. However, energy storage remains costly and so parallel operation of IBRs and synchronous generators (SGs) is expected for microgrids requiring sustained, independent operation. Grid-forming (GFM) control for inverters can improve frequency stability in these low inertia environments, but only if poor transient load sharing does not cause the GFM IBRs to exceed current or power limits as demonstrated in recent literature. In this paper, an overload mitigation strategy for GFM IBRs to address the poor transient load sharing problem is proposed. The approach includes several key aspects. First, closed loop control of inverter currents without integrating a phase locked loop is used. Second, the logic of the mitigation strategy is designed to be non-intrusive so that proportional load sharing through GFM operation resumes following the event. Last, the overload mitigation strategy is validated in several simulations with both switching device and average value models of inverters using RTDS. The simulation results demonstrate successful mitigation of overloads and seamless integration of the strategy in-spite of the high level of penetration of IBRs in the study system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-dynamic optimal power sharing in isolated DC microgrids","authors":"Alejandro Garcés-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Walter Gil-González ,&nbsp;Oscar Danilo Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an optimization framework for solving the quasi-dynamic optimal power sharing problem in isolated DC microgrids. Said framework involves estimating the nodal-admittance matrix for a reduced model that includes nodes with inverter-based renewable resources. This estimation is not precise, so the uncertainty in the model is directly addressed in the optimization problem by incorporating robust constraints. Different properties of the estimation and optimization algorithms are mathematically studied, and the simulation results obtained in a test system are outlined, wherein the grid is represented by a full dynamic model and the optimization and control correspond to the proposed quasi-dynamic model. Both theoretical and simulation results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand flexibility in hydrogen production by incorporating electrical and physical parameters","authors":"Mohd Asim Aftab ,&nbsp;Vipin Chandra Pandey ,&nbsp;S. Gokul Krishnan ,&nbsp;Faraz Mir ,&nbsp;Gerrit Rolofs ,&nbsp;Emeka Chukwureh ,&nbsp;Shehab Ahmed ,&nbsp;Charalambos Konstantinou","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing integration of intermittent and uncertain renewable energy resources into the electric grid presents significant challenges for maintaining grid reliability, highlighting the need for flexible resources to balance demand and supply. This paper presents a novel hydrogen electrolyzer-based framework for inducing demand flexibility considering both electrical and physical parameter variations. Hydrogen generation is modeled using Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline (AEL) electrolysis processes on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), establishing correlations between power variations and electrical and physical parameters. Building on this, a stochastic optimization framework is developed, incorporating hydrogen systems, photovoltaic (PV), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) to assess the techno-economic performance within the grid. The proposed framework is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem that accounts for AC network constraints. The individual performances of PEM and AEL electrolyzers are evaluated based on their distinct characteristics. Results demonstrate that varying both electrical and physical parameters enable hydrogen electrolyzers to effectively induce demand flexibility. Furthermore, simulations with and without PV and BESS in the IEEE-9 bus network demonstrate that hydrogen electrolyzers can significantly enhance grid flexibility while reducing system costs, reinforcing their role in supporting overall grid stability and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market-based optimization of integrated energy systems: Modeling and analysis of multi-carrier energy networks","authors":"Jui-Chan Huang,&nbsp;Hui-Ching Cheng,&nbsp;Ming-Hung Shu,&nbsp;Hsiao-Chun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of cogeneration plants and energy conversion facilities has ushered in a new era for energy systems, presenting opportunities and challenges in efficient operation and management. In this evolving landscape, there is a growing need for mathematical models and analytical methods to understand the complex dynamics between energy flows and strategic behaviors in multi-carrier energy systems. This article explores an integrated thermal and electrical energy distribution system from a market perspective, aiming to deepen understanding of these complex networks. The study resolves the electricity market by accounting for network losses using a nonlinear optimal alternating current (AC) electric load distribution model. Given the computational complexities, a polyhedral outer approximation of the second-order cone and convex relaxation techniques are employed to derive a linear market settlement model. Additionally, an optimal heat load distribution model is developed, pricing the heat market based on regional marginal costs. The market equilibrium, viewed as the intersection of optimal electrical and thermal load distribution, is reformulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Case studies demonstrate the model's ability to capture the complexity of integrated systems and its practical application in real-world scenarios, revealing the impact of elastic loads and strategic supplier behavior on market dynamics. The analysis suggests that adopting this innovative approach can potentially result in a 50 % improvement in energy utilization and a 35 % reduction in peak demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}