Epidemiologia & Prevenzione最新文献

{"title":"[Cancer figures in Italy: an overview].","authors":"Ivan Rashid, Valentina Cozza, Lucia Bisceglia","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A715.018","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A715.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>the description of the geographical distribution and temporal trends of cancer is relevant for prevention and improving the quality of care. This is primarily achieved through the incidence measures derived from population cancer registries (CRs). In recent years, in Italy there has been a prevalence of 'real-time' estimates and projections, although based on rather dated data. Given the significant increase in registration activity and still in absence of a national cancer registry network, the recent publication of Volume 12 of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) provides a valuable opportunity to update cancer incidence estimates in Italy and to provide national and macroarea reference estimates.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to explore the pattern of cancer in Italy by reviewing and reorganizing the most recent data from cancer registries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>data from Italian cancer registries included in CI5 for the years 2013-2017 were obtained. Populations were verified, corrected for errors, and normalized to Italian National census reconstruction. The completeness of CR data was assessed using the mortality/incidence ratio applied to potential outlier data. Age-specific rates, Age standardized rates (ASRs), and truncated rates for adults (35-64 years) were calculated for 79 different neoplasms. Analyses were performed for individual CRs and macroareas. Temporal comparisons were made for 23 CRs with data from 2008-2012.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the observed incidence rates show extreme heterogeneity. Among males, the overall ASR ranges from 584 per 100,000 in the province of Reggio Calabria to 809.9 per 100,000 in the province of Sondrio. Among women, ASR is highest in Emilia-Romagna (540.5) and lowest in the province of Avellino (409.9). The gradient with decreasing rates from North to South is clearly visible only for female breast cancer. Higher rates of lung cancer are observed for the city of Naples in both genders. In adult males (35-64 years), ASRs of lung cancer are maximum in the provinces of Caserta and Naples, where they are more than double the ASRs observed in the Veneto Region. In general, a significant decline in male ASRs is observed in Northern Italy compared to the previous five-year period. A significant part of this trend is influenced by lung cancer that is significantly decreasing throughout the Centre-North among men and substantially increasing among women. The database and tables with details of all calculated indicators are provided as supplementary material.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the analysis has shown the importance of a review of real CR data and, in general, working with real data to not only develop specific estimates of cancers in Italy, but also to share reference rates and basic data for further analysis. The present review has also revealed critical issues with data submitted to the IARC. The comparison and verific","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"24-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The importance of details in cancer epidemiology].","authors":"Direzione Scientifica di Epidemiologia Prevenzione","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.015","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual violence in conflicts: the shadow pandemic. A review of controversial issues.","authors":"Sandro Colombo, Sara Nyeleti Colombo Lahoz","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A690.022","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A690.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the persistent and deeply troubling issue of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) throughout history and in contemporary conflicts. It examines the roots of wartime sexual violence in wartime, the evolving international legal framework for the protection of civilians, and the emergence of concerns about the protection of women and girls from such violence. The article delves into controversial aspects, including competing theories to explain CRSV, the challenges in obtaining accurate data on its prevalence, and the often-overlooked issue of CRSV against men and boys. It also addresses the cultural and societal factors that perpetuate CRSV and the long-lasting consequences on survivors. The article concludes by underscoring the importance of comprehensive care for survivors and the need to tackle the deep-seated causes of this violence, including gender inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Endometriosis, a participatory study in the Serchio Valley (Tuscany Region, Central Italy): state of the art and perspectives].","authors":"Giorgia Stoppa, Chiara Doccioli, Benedetta Turelli, Giacomo Danieli, Angela Landi, Dolores Catelan, Luca Ronfani, Annibale Biggeri","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A677.021","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A677.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>endometriosis is a chronic condition with a significant impact on women's health, featured by endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. A limited number of studies have been conducted in the general population, and the true prevalence of endometriosis is unknown for many areas of the country.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to better estimate the prevalence of endometriosis in three Italian regions (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Tuscany, Apulia) and to assess the relationship between endometriosis and environmental factors in three participating areas (Trieste, Barga, and Taranto), with a focus on Tuscany Region.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>implementing a specific epidemiological registry for endometriosis, aimed at estimating the incidence and prevalence data. The registry collected information from hospital discharge records and anatomopathological reports of women residing in the three considered regions, aged 15 years or older. Additionally, the analysis includes the assessment of the spatial distribution of endometriosis at both regional and municipal levels in the three study areas. Further research investigations in these areas involve a multilevel screening of a sample of women of childbearing age. Women who test positive in the initial screening (through a self-administered questionnaire) will have the opportunity to undergo a second level of screening, consisting of a gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound, a swab for vaginal microbiome analysis, and the collection of blood and urine samples to assess the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or heavy metals. The adopted scientific approach is based on post-normal science (PNS) concerning the extended peer community.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>women aged 15 years or older residing in the three regions.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes measures: </strong>estimating the incidence and prevalence of endometriosis based on data collected from the epidemiological registry. The analysis extends to assessing the spatial distribution of endometriosis at municipal levels in the three areas of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the preliminary results of the study allowed for the estimation of the spatial distribution of endometriosis incidence in Tuscany. In particular, it was found that there is variability within the region, with some coastal and North-Western areas showing values 20% higher than the regional average. Cities such as Pisa, Lucca, Livorno, Grosseto, Orbetello, and the Serchio Valley with Barga had a probability of excess risk of more than 90% compared to the regional average.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the study is ongoing and requires the active participation of women living in the region to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the collected data. This research effort represents an important contribution to understanding endometriosis in Tuscany and its possible environmental causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How sizeable are the knowledge, attitude and perception of food risks among young adults? An Italian survey.","authors":"Roberto Venuto, Smeralda D'Amato, Cristina Genovese, Raffaele Squeri, Giuseppe Trimarchi, Francesco Mazzitelli, Roberta Pappalardo, Vincenza La Fauci","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A595.019","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A595.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>in recent years, food safety has become increasingly important and a public health priority, especially in developed and rich countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to investigate knowledge and perception of food risk among young adults and the related behaviours.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>observational study conducted from March to October 2022 through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire based on multiple-choice questions spread online through social networks.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>317 men and women with a mean age of 23.6 ± 6.7 (71% F, 29% M), mainly students, who filled the questionnaire and gave their consent to the use of personal data for the purpose of scientific research.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes measures: </strong>knowledge, attitudes, and perception of food risk in the target population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the majority think that food safety is very important to their health. The most perceived food risks are the presence of pesticides, bacterial and viral contamination, residuals of antibiotics and/or hormones, and microplastics. More than half believes to be poorly informed about the risk associated with food consumption. There is a high level of trust in data from scientific evidence and physicians and a low level of trust in data from European institutions and the Italian government. Almost everyone thinks that public authorities should provide more information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>these data show a good knowledge of the importance of food safety for health; nevertheless, the majority does not feel well informed. The evaluation of the risk perception and of the factors influencing it is important for the success of the information/communication about food safety and for the consumer empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of antibiotic resistance in Italy and Western Europe in 2019: a MICROBE-based comparative analysis.","authors":"Giulia Zamagni, Silvia Forni, Ivo Iavicoli, Stefano Guicciardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Pietro Ferrara, Maia De Luca, Davide Golinelli, Francesco Sanmarchi, Giulia Collatuzzo, Fabrizio Gemmi, Mohsen Naghavi, Michela Sabbatucci, Lorenzo Monasta","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A648.020","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A648.020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will cause 10 million deaths per year worldwide by 2050, with economic costs of up to 100 trillion dollars. Antibiotic resistance (ABR) constitutes the majority of this health threat. Globally, 1.27 million people died in 2019 as a direct result of ABR. One in 5 deaths occurred in children under five, and 6 bacterial pathogens accounted for more than 70% of ABR-associated deaths.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;to compare ABR estimates in terms of death and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 in Italy and in Western Europe (WE) by grading the infectious syndromes and the bacterial pathogens involved, with the aim to identify the most urgent healthcare needs in Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;the estimates of the burden of ABR in 2019 in WE and Italy, extracted from the Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation (MICROBE) tool by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME; Seattle, USA), reported deaths and DALYs associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 12 infectious syndromes, as well as deaths and DALYs associated with and attributable to ABR for 23 bacteria and 86 pathogen-drug combinations. The comparison between WE and Italy was performed in steps. First, among the 12 groups of infectious syndromes from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study 2019, the most impacting in terms of deaths and DALYs were ranked based on the magnitude of rates, and the corresponding ABR-associated burden was reported. Then, the burden of the leading pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and polymicrobial infections) for all infectious syndromes was compared between the two areas. Death and DALY rates associated with ABR were reported for each bacterium, together with the percentage of ABR-attributable burden. Although it is known that Italy is one of the WE countries with the largest share of elderly, crude rates were reported instead of age-standardized rates, in order to quantify the actual burden of ABR in the two areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Italy and Western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes measures: &lt;/strong&gt;death and DALYs rates per 100,000 inhabitants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;the largest difference between ABR-associated death rates in the two areas was found for bloodstream infections (25.2 and 18.8 per 100,000 in Italy and WE, respectively), followed by peritoneal and abdominal infections (15.1 and 12.2 in Italy and WE, respectively). However, the percentages of deaths and DALYs attributable to ABR were always higher in Italy for all the infections considered. Regarding pathogens, Escherichia coli accounted for the greatest burden associated to ABR, in terms of both deaths and DALYs, in both areas. The highest ABR-attributable percentage of deaths was found for Acinetobacter baumannii (28.4% in WE and 31.9% in Italy), accounting also for the highest percentage of ABR-attributable DALYs (2","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated number of deaths attributable to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollution in the Municipality of Milan in 2019.","authors":"Sara Tunesi, Walter Bergamaschi, Antonio Giampiero Russo","doi":"10.19191/EP24.1.A660.001","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP24.1.A660.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>there is growing evidence that exposure to environmental pollutants affects health, including mortality, chronic diseases, and acute diseases. The World Health Organisation has recently revised downwards the safety thresholds for exposure to environmental pollutants. The City of Milan (CoM) has particularly high levels of pollution; this is due both to the presence of various emission sources and to climatic and orographic conditions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to describe the health effects of exposure to pollutants, measured by deaths due to environmental exposure to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 in 2019.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>observational study. Using a pollutant concentration estimation model, annual mean values of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 were estimated for the CoM in 2019. The number of deaths attributable to each exposure was estimated using risk functions available in the literature; the values recommended by the new World Health Organisation guidelines were used as counterfactual exposure limits.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>the population assisted by the Agency for Health Protection of Milan and resident in the CoM on 01.01.2019, aged 30 years or older. The place of residence was georeferenced and the population was followed up until 31.12.2019. Deaths and their causes were obtained from the Causes of Death Registry.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>deaths attributable to exposure from non-accidental causes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and lung cancer were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in 2019, the estimated annual average level of NO2 was 36.6 µg/m3, that of PM10 was 24.9 µg/m3, and that of PM2.5 was 22.4 µg/m3, with levels varying across the city area. Concerning exposure to NO2, in 2019 10% of deaths for natural causes were estimated to be attributable to annual mean levels of NO2 above 10 µg/m3. As regard PM2.5, 13% of deaths for natural causes and 18% of deaths from lung cancer were attributable to an annual mean level above 5 µg/m3. The impact of exposure to particulate matter on mortality does not seem to be the same in all the areas of the CoM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the health impact of exposure to airborne particulate matter in the CoM population is high. It is important that citizens, policy-makers, and stakeholders address this issue, because of its impact on both health and healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"48 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying competing risks analysis to recurrences of primary breast cancer.","authors":"Silvia Mancini, Annibale Biggeri, Orietta Giuliani, Rosa Vattiato, Flavia Baldacchini, Alessandra Ravaioli, Federica Zamagni, Fabio Falcini, Lauro Bucchi","doi":"10.19191/EP23.6.A600.084","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP23.6.A600.084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>in time-to-event analysis, competing risks are observed when a subject is at risk of multiple types of events. A competing risk is an event that prevents the event of interest from happening or modifies its chance to occur.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>the purposes of this article are to provide an overview of competing risks analysis and to illustrate its application to the follow-up of breast cancer patients in order to estimate the risk of disease recurrence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>population-based random sample of patients with stage I-III primary female breast cancer diagnosed in 2000-2013, aged 15 years or older, resident in the Forlì health care district (northern Italy), treated surgically and with available information regarding disease laterality.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>subhazard ratio, hazard ratio and cumulative incidence function for loco-regional recurrences and distant metastasis during 10 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>breast cancer recurrences were evaluated taking into account death from any cause and occurrence of a second primary breast cancer as competing risks. Recent developments in competing risks methodology were used. The results obtained were compared with those from the Cox regression model, in which the competing risks were not accounted for.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>estimating the risk of recurrence without accounting for the competing risks resulted in a divergence of the hazard/subhazard functions. Competing risks analysis is preferable when the statistical assumption of independence of end-points may be violated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"47 6","pages":"363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[BIGEPI project: environmental and health data].","authors":"Sara Maio, Claudio Gariazzo, Massimo Stafoggia, Carla Ancona, Lucia Bisceglia, Nicola Caranci, Achille Cernigliaro, Giulia Cesaroni, Giuseppe Costa, Alessandro Marcon, Stefania Massari, Federica Nobile, Andrea Ranzi, Matteo Renzi, Salvatore Scondotto, Nicolás Zengarini, Giuseppe Verlato, Giovanni Viegi","doi":"10.19191/EP23.6.S3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19191/EP23.6.S3.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;the BIGEPI project, co-funded by INAIL, has used big data to identify the health risks associated with short and long-term exposure to air pollution, extreme temperatures and occupational exposures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;the project consists of 5 specific work packages (WP) aimed at assessing: 1. the acute effects of environmental exposures over the national territory; 2. the acute effects of environmental exposures in contaminated areas, such as Sites of National Interest (SIN) and industrial sites; 3. the chronic effects of environmental exposures in 6 Italian longitudinal metropolitan studies; 4. the acute and chronic effects of environmental exposures in 7 epidemiological surveys on population samples; 5. the chronic effects of occupational exposures in the longitudinal metropolitan studies of Rome and Turin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;BIGEPI analyzed environmental and health data at different levels of detail: the whole Italian population (WP1); populations living in areas contaminated by pollutants of industrial origin (WP2); the entire longitudinal cohorts of the metropolitan areas of Bologna, Brindisi, Rome, Syracuse, Taranto and Turin (WP3 and WP5); population samples participating in the epidemiological surveys of Ancona, Palermo, Pavia, Pisa, Sassari, Turin and Verona (WP4).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;environmental exposure: PM10, PM2,5, NO2 and O3 concentrations and air temperature at 1 Km2 resolution at national level. Occupational exposures: employment history of subjects working in at least one of 25 sectors with similar occupational exposures to chemicals/carcinogens; self-reported exposure to dust/fumes/gas in the workplace. Health data: cause-specific mortality/hospitalisation; symptoms/diagnosis of respiratory/allergic diseases; respiratory function and bronchial inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;BIGEPI analyzed data at the level of the entire Italian population, data on 2.8 million adults (&gt;=30 yrs) in longitudinal metropolitan studies and on about 14,500 individuals (&gt;=18 yrs) in epidemiological surveys on population samples. The population investigated in the longitudinal metropolitan studies had an average age of approximately 55 years and that of the epidemiological surveys was about 48 years; in both cases, 53% of the population was female. As regards environmental exposure, in the period 2013-2015, at national level average values for PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and summer O3 were: 21.1±13.6, 15.1±10.9, 14.7±9.1 and 80.3±17.3 µg/m3, for the temperature the average value was 13.9±7.2 °C. Data were analyzed for a total of 1,769,660 deaths from non-accidental causes as well as 74,392 incident cases of acute coronary event and 45,513 of stroke. Epidemiological investigations showed a high prevalence of symptoms/diagnoses of rhinitis (range: 14.2-40.5%), COPD (range: 4.7-19.3%) and asthma (range: 3.2-13.2%). The availability of these large data","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"47 6","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A screening for all. How to make screening programmes more inclusive].","authors":"Gianluigi Ferrante, Francesca Di Stefano, Cristiano Piccinelli, Livia Giordano","doi":"10.19191/EP23.6.A693.080","DOIUrl":"10.19191/EP23.6.A693.080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50511,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia & Prevenzione","volume":"47 6","pages":"328-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}