Erde最新文献

{"title":"Justice as relationality: socio-ecological justice in the context of anti-hydropower movements in Turkey","authors":"Özge Yaka","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-481","url":null,"abstract":"By introducing a notion of socio-ecological justice, this article aims to deepen the relationship between environment and justice, which has already been firmly established by environmental justice movements and scholarship. Based on extensive fieldwork on local community struggles against small-scale run-of-river hydropower plants in Turkey, it expands the justice frame of environmental justice scholarship by going beyond the established conceptions of environmental justice as distribution – of environmental hazards and benefits, recognition and representation. Drawing on ethnographical fieldwork conducted in the East Black Sea region of Turkey, the article introduces the notion of socioecological justice to translate the relationality of the social and the ecological, of human life and non-human world, to the vocabulary of justice. It aims to extend the strictly humanist borders of social justice by maintaining that our intrinsic and intimate relations with the non-human world are an essential part of our well-being, and central to our needs to pursue a fair, decent life. It also seeks to contribute to the broader debate to facilitate a ‘progressive composition’ of a common, more-than-human world. Zusammenfassung Durch die Einführung des Begriffs der sozio-ökologischen Gerechtigkeit will dieser Artikel die Beziehung zwischen Umwelt und Gerechtigkeit vertiefen, die von der Bewegung sowie seitens der Wissenschaft für die ‚Umweltgerechtigkeit‘ bereits fest etabliert wurde. Auf der Grundlage umfangreicher Feldforschungen zu den Kämpfen lokaler Gemeinschaften gegen kleine Laufwasserkraftwerke in der Türkei erweitert er den Gerechtigkeitsrahmen der Umweltgerechtigkeitsforschung, indem er über die etablierten Vorstellungen von Umweltgerechtigkeit als Verteilung – von Umweltgefahren und -nutzen, Anerkennung und Repräsentation – hinausgeht. Ausgehend von ethnographischen Feldforschungen, die in der Ost-Schwarzmeer-Region der Türkei durchgeführt wurden, führt der Artikel den Begriff der sozio-ökologischen Gerechtigkeit ein, um die Relationalität des Sozialen und des Ökologischen, des menschlichen Lebens und der nicht-menschlichen Welt in das Vokabular der Gerechtigkeit zu übersetzen. Er zielt darauf ab, die streng humanistischen Grenzen der sozialen Gerechtigkeit zu erweitern, indem er behauptet, dass unsere intrinsischen und intimen Beziehungen mit der nichtmenschlichen Welt ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unseres Wohlergehens und von zentraler Bedeutung für unsere Bedürfnisse nach einem fairen, menschenwürdigen Leben sind. Er versucht auch, einen Beitrag zur breiteren Debatte zu leisten, um eine ‚progressive Zusammensetzung‘ einer gemeinsamen, mehr als menschlichen Welt zu erleichtern. Vol. 151, No. 2-3 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"1 1","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83148680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratives and practices of environmental justice","authors":"Jonas Hein, Florian Dünckmann","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-524","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial provides an overview of the roots of environmental justice movement and scholarship. It identifies emerging frontiers of environmental justice research and introduces the contributions of this special issue. Finally, we call for further research on the role of the state in environmental justice struggles and for more participatory methodologies in environmental justice research.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"11 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74114928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interdisciplinary perspective on environmental justice: integrating subjective beliefs and perceptions","authors":"Stefanie Baasch","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-516","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, environmental justice is considered from an interdisciplinary and integrative perspective that combines theories and studies in geography, environmental policy and planning with a justice psychology approach. This opens up an integrated view, which takes into account both societal and individual aspects of the perception and evaluation of environmental justice. In this sense, notions of environmental justice(s) are seen as the result of discursive processes, historical contexts and a social localization and standardization that is shaped by both cognitive evaluation processes and emotions. Additionally, environmental justice in participation processes is considered in the context of environmental and sustainability policy and its implementation, first summarising the points of criticism of participation processes and then discussing environmental justice as an aspect of participation practice. From this, some key points for a more justice-sensitive design of participation processes in the context of environmental and sustainability policies and programmes (e.g. adaptation to climate change, urban planning, energy system transformation) are derived. This interdisciplinary analysis shows that there is not ‘one’ environmental justice, but a multitude of ideas and evaluations based on different concepts and perceptions.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"13 1","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77953385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gesing, Friederike ; Knecht, Michi ; Flitner, Michael ; Amelang, Katrin (Hrsg.): NaturenKulturen : Denkräume und Werkzeuge für neue politische Ökologien. Bielefeld, 2019","authors":"V. Schröder","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"178 1","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74545155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“We have to say no to coal”: Facebook framings of the Egyptians against Coal movement","authors":"Aziza Moneer","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-460","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to explore and analyze the core collective action frames that were developed by the environmental movement of ‘Egyptians against Coal’ to raise the public awareness about the dangers of coal and mobilize action. The framing theory is used as the main theoretical approach in this study. The study relies on a qualitative content analysis of the Facebook page of ‘Egyptians against Coal’ and interviews conducted with the page creators and activists. The study revealed that by using Facebook, the anti-coal movement managed to make salient new meanings of coal as part of a wider social problem, rather than an ‘economic panacea’ to Egypt’s industry challenges and to phrase frames that resonate with shared political and economic grievances and dominant cultural values in Egypt. In this regard, it was found that the Facebook page constructed four prevalent frames in order to shape public discourse: coal as an environmental disaster, coal and health risks, coal and environmental injustices and socioeconomic costs, and fossil fuel versus renewable energies. Zusammenfassung Die Studie untersucht die thematischen Rahmungen, innerhalb derer die Umweltbewegung „Egyptians against Coal“ das öffentliche Bewusstsein für die Gefahren der Kohlenutzung schärfen und zu kollektiven politischen Aktionen mobilisieren will. Dabei verwendet die Studie die framing-Theorie als zentralen konzeptionellen Ansatz. Sie stützt sich auf eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Facebook-Seite der Initiative sowie auf Interviews, die mit den Urhebern und Aktivisten der Seite geführt wurden. Die Analyse ergab, dass es der Anti-Kohle-Bewegung durch die Nutzung von Facebook gelang, die Nutzung von Kohle als Teil eines umfassenderen sozialen Problems und nicht als ‚wirtschaftliches Allheilmittel‘ für die Herausforderungen der ägyptischen Industrie zu definieren. Überdies konnten thematische Rahmungen formuliert werden, welche die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Missstände und die vorherrschenden kulturellen Werte in Ägypten aufgreifen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde festgestellt, dass die Facebook-Seite mit vier zentralen frames arbeitet, um den öffentlichen Diskurs zu gestalten: Kohle als Umweltkatastrophe, Kohle und Gesundheitsrisiken, Ungerechtigkeiten und sozioökonomische Kosten im Zusammenhang mit Kohle und Umwelt sowie fossile Brennstoffe im Vergleich zu erneuerbaren Energien. Vol. 151, No. 2-3 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"414 1","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80824060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounding claims for environmental justice in the face of natural heterogeneities","authors":"K. Ott","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-483","url":null,"abstract":"The article wishes to analyze the ethical foundations of claims for environmental justice. By doing so, it addresses the contested relation between equality and justice. The article also wishes to shed some light into the deep religious background of egalitarian justice. Two sections deal with basic distinctions in theories of justice, as the ‘equality of what?’-debate and the problem of intrinsic value of equality. Three normative pillars of environmental justice are proposed: a) legal and political equality, b) sufficiency-thresholds, and c) obligations against victimization. These pillars are to be applied to environmental geographical topics, facing the problem of natural heterogeneities, unequal environmental endowments and economic structures. The article intends to provide the reader with conceptual ethical devices and, by doing so, to enable her making solid claims for environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"8 1","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refusing ‘bare life‘ – Belo Monte, the riverine population and their struggle for epistemic justice","authors":"S. Weißermel, K. A. Chaves","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-478","url":null,"abstract":"Durch die Installation des Wasserkraftwerks Belo Monte im brasilianischen Amazonasgebiet wurden mehr als 40.000 Menschen vertrieben, darunter zahlreiche Flussbewohner*innen, die als solche nicht anerkannt wurden. Ihre Vertreibung fuhrte zum Verlust ihrer Territorien und zur erzwungenen Aufgabe ihrer Lebensweise. Im Kampf gegen ihre Prekarisierung und um Anerkennung grundeten die betroffenen Flussbewohner*innen einen Rat als politisches Organ, uber den sie sich selbst organisierten und diskursive Macht uber ihr Dasein zuruckerlangten. Uber die Rechtskategorie der traditionellen Volker versuchten sie, ihre epistemischen und ontologischen Perspektiven einzubringen und auf diese Weise den Staat und das Baukonsortium zu zwingen, ihre Rechte anzuerkennen, den Zugang zu ihren Territorien zu gewahrleisten und damit Umweltungerechtigkeiten auszugleichen. Dieser Artikel fokussiert auf die epistemische Dimension sowohl innerhalb der Implementierung von Belo Monte als auch innerhalb des Widerstandkampfes der Flussbewohner*innen. Zu diesem Zweck verwenden wir eine dekoloniale Konzeption von Agambens (2002; 2005) Perspektive auf den Ausnahmezustand und die Zuweisung von nacktem Leben, die den epistemischen Charakter der darin wirkenden coloniality of power berucksichtigt (siehe Mignolo 2005; Quijano 2009). Dies bildet die Grundlage fur das Auftreten epistemischer Ungerechtigkeiten (siehe Fricker 2007), die im Zusammenhang mit der Debatte um Umweltgerechtigkeit diskutiert werden. Um die Mechanismen der Produktion von verfugbarem und nacktem Leben und die Moglichkeiten des Widerstands im Kampf um epistemische Gerechtigkeit besser zu beleuchten, fugen wir schlieslich die Idee der Prekarisierung und des performativen Widerstands hinzu (siehe Butler 2009; Butler und Athanasiou 2013).","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"30 1","pages":"154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77186358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Justice Incommensurabilities Framework: monitoring and evaluating environmental justice concepts, thought styles and human-environment relations","authors":"R. Hafner","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-486","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental justice concepts have undergone significant changes from being solely distributive to include underlying power asymmetries. Consequently, we are now faced with a wide array of different interpretations of what environmental justice is. This calls for a fundamental reflection on what environmental justice stands for, how and most importantly why it is used. \u0000To achieve this goal, this paper elaborates on the genesis of environmental justice. Recurring challenges of environmental justice research and activism will be identified. Addressing those challenges, as well as breaking down environmental justice concepts into smaller patterns and Fleck’sian thought styles, the Environmental Justice Incommensurabilities Framework (EJIF) is introduced. This evaluation and monitoring tool encourages actors (and especially researchers) to reflect upon ideological positionings and axiological interpretations of human-environment relations as well as justice, making research on and with environmental justice more transparent and comparable.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87430533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice of compensation for spatial flood risk management – comparing the flexible Austrian and the structured Dutch approach","authors":"T. Thaler, N. Doorn, T. Hartmann","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-467","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the anticipated climate change, many countries face increasing risks of flooding. Since the end of the 20th century, the traditional hard flood protection measures have been increasingly complemented with spatial flood risk reduction measures. These measures, though in the public interest and as such, benefitting many people, almost inevitably affect landowners adversely. In other words, spatial flood risk reduction measures affect private land. The impact may extend from mere decreases in property values as a result of changes to zoning plans and to obligations to tolerate certain acts related to the construction or maintenance of water defence structures. Most of the time, implementation of spatial flood risk reduction measures thus discriminates between landowners, as some profit from better protection but others are affected negatively by the measures. Spatial flood risk reduction measures thus raise issues of social justice. Compensation plays a crucial role in flood risk management to mitigate the impact on land. How and in which cases this compensation is paid differs from country to country. Some national jurisdictions compensate for loss as a result of lawful administrative acts if and to the extent that it is considered unreasonable for this loss to be the full responsibility of the affected party. In this paper, we compare two different legal compensation frameworks in two European countries: Austria and the Netherlands. Based on a comparative analysis, we discuss how these different compensation schemes affect social justice, both in terms of substantive distributions but also in terms of procedural justice.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"12 1","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90837670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel way to present flood hazards using 3D-printing with transparent layers of return period isolines","authors":"Tomas Burian, S. Gorin, Ivan Radevski, V. Voženílek","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the 3D printed results of a floodplain analysis usually used for hydrological studies to calculate the probabilities in high water stage features. The analysis was performed using probability distributions, including Pearson type III distribution, Log-Pearson type III distribution, Gaussian (normal) distribution, Gumbel distribution, and Log-normal distribution. The maximum theoretical stages of best fitting distribution for different return periods were mapped to the Vardar and Boshava rivers in the Tikvesh Valley. Data to create the model were extracted from digital elevation models of the Vardar river target area. The extracted 3D surface model was covered with a map showing all the flooded areas in the relevant territory for different return periods as transparent layers. The data were converted into a physical model (relief map) using 3D printing methods for visualisation. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht das Ergebnis des 3D-Ausdrucks einer Naturgefahrenabschätzung, wie sie typischerweise in Flussebenen im Rahmen hydrologischer Studien durchgeführt werden, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Hochwasserständen abzuschätzen. Die Analyse des Hochwasserrisikos wurde anhand verschiedener bei der Abschätzung von Naturereignissen gebräuchlicher Häufigkeitsverteilungen durchgeführt: der Pearson Typ III Verteilung, der Log-Pearson Typ III Verteilung, der Normaloder Gaußverteilung, der Gumbel-Verteilung und der Logarithmischen Normalverteilung. Die maximalen theoretischen Pegelstände der jeweiligen besten Häufigkeitsverteilungen für ausgewählte Wiederkehrintervalle wurden für die Flüsse Vardar und Boshava im TikveshTal (Nordmazedonien) berechnet und kartografisch dargestellt. Als topografische Grundlage wurde das digitale Geländemodell des Vardar Einzugsgebiets verwendet. Die daraus berechnete dreidimensionale Modelloberfläche für jedes Wiederkehrintervall wurde in eine Karte umgewandelt, welche die durch Überschwemmung gefährdeten Gebiete mit transparenten Flächen überlagert. Schliesslich wurden die Ebenen in ein physikalisches Modell (ein topografisches Relief) eingepasst und mittels 3D-Druck zur Veranschaulichung hergestellt. Vol. 151, No. 1 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"5 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}