Erde最新文献

{"title":"A political ecology of green territorialization: frontier expansion and conservation in the Colombian Amazon","authors":"Jonas Hein, Carlos Del Cairo, D. Gallego, Tomás Gutiérrez, J. S. Vélez, J. C. R. D. Francisco","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-456","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of civil war, the Colombian government has recently declared the Amazon as a model region for green growth and low carbon development. The Amazon Vision programme, launched by the Colombian government in 2016, seeks to contribute to forest conservation, climate mitigation, poverty reduction and peace building. The Amazon Vision fundamentally reframes the Colombian Amazon from a ‘narco frontier’ that needs to be liberated from guerrilla influence, organized crime and peasants destroying forests for coca cultivation, to a net CO2 sink with enormous potential for green growth and poverty reduction. Drawing on historical and empirical qualitative research in Guaviare and complemented by a quantitative land cover classification, this article builds on the concept of ‘green territoriality’ to investigate the extent to which the shift towards conservation affects property rights and the ability of indigenous groups and peasants to access land and natural resources. We illustrate how the reframing of peasants from protagonists of development and frontier expansion to villains, and of indigenous communities from underdeveloped forest dwellers to environmental guardians, has created land conflicts and affected the legitimacy of their respective property rights. In both cases, the Amazon Vision strengthens conservation policies and challenges existing land rights but also creates new windows of opportunity for the land claims of indigenous communities while reinforcing conceptualizations of social differentiation among dwellers of the Amazon.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"73 1","pages":"37-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86798990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond global nodes and economic indicators in the evaluation of the world-system of cities","authors":"Roberto Díez-Pisonero, Cándida Gago-García, J. A. Ordóñez","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-425","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to look at the organisation of the world-urban system. It proposes an integrated explorative approach which, in addition to considering economic-production type indicators, includes others that can reflect a complex approach to functional and geographic specialisation. Methodologically, the comparative analysis of three synthetic indices through a cluster analysis allows for the multifunctional representation of the world-urban system, in which other centralities and cities excluded from other rankings are considered. The first index is taken from the proposal by the GaWC (Global and World Cities Research Network). The second relates to cultural services and some of the knowledgeintensive activities. The third includes variables related to mobility, more specifically air transport. The comparison of functions, as revealed by the indices, can provide information about how cities work in the world context. The analysis allows for the identification of a group of prominent multifunctional cities at the top, and a large group of less prominent and specialised cities underneath. Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht die Organisation des Weltstadt-Systems. Vorgeschlagen wird ein integrierter explorativer Ansatz, der neben der Berücksichtigung von Indikatoren für die Art der wirtschaftlichen Produktion auch andere umfasst, die einen komplexen Ansatz der funktionalen und geographischen Spezialisierung widerspiegeln können. Methodisch ermöglicht die vergleichende Analyse von drei synthetischen Indizes durch eine Clusteranalyse die multifunktionale Darstellung des Weltstadt-Systems, in der zentrale Funktionen und Städte, die in anderen Ranglisten ausgeschlossen sind, berücksichtigt werden. Der erste Index ist dem Vorschlag des GaWC (Global and World Cities Research Network) entnommen. Der zweite bezieht sich auf kulturelle Dienstleistungen und einige wissensintensiven Aktivitäten. Der dritte enthält Variablen, die mit der Mobilität, insbesondere dem Luftverkehr, zusammenhängen. Der Funktionsvergleich, wie er sich aus den Indizes ergibt, kann Informationen darüber liefern, wie Städte im weltweiten Kontext funktionieren. Die Analyse ermöglicht die Identifizierung einer Gruppe prominenter multifunktionaler Städte an der Spitze und einer großen Gruppe weniger prominenter und spezialisierter Städte darunter. Vol. 151, No. 1 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"82 2 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality of territorial governance: an assessment of institutional arrangements. The case of the Serrano cheese production in the Campos de Cima da Serra, Southern Brazil","authors":"C. Pachoud","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2020-424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2020-424","url":null,"abstract":"Territorial governance is of growing interest in an endogenous development perspective, in which organizational and institutional arrangements are supplied by the actors themselves to ensure coordination. This study was carried out in the Campos de Cima da Serra in southern Brazil, where the Serrano cheese is produced. It is an informal production. In fact, new consumers’ preferences for young instead of matured cheese, and national hygiene standards that are incompatible with small-scale and artisanal production make the legalization of the sales impossible for the producers. The aim of the study is twofold. First, it brings forward the territorial and value chain governance approaches from Frenchand Germanspeaking literatures. Second, based on the analysis of institutional arrangements, it assesses the quality of territorial governance processes. For that end, the institutional arrangements implemented in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in the Campos de Cima da Serra, were analyzed. Results show that two different strategies are adopted: In Santa Catarina, there is a strong coordination between all municipalities, whereas in Rio Grande do Sul, municipalities are acting independently, leading to less effective governance. However, institutional arrangements in both states are facing a lack of dynamism. They suffer especially from little mobilization of producers and little involvement of local authorities. The extension services are the central actors of the collective action, following a top-down model. Thus, the achievement of collective action would require more participatory governance through the integration of the different actors in the process, as well as support from the larger institutional environment. Zusammenfassung Regionale Governance ist im Hinblick auf eine regionale Entwicklungsperspektive von wachsendem Interesse. Um eine Koordinierung zu ermöglichen, werden organisatorische und institutionelle Arrangements von den Akteuren selbst geschaffen. Diese Studie wurde in der Campos de Cima da Serra Region in Südbrasilien durchgeführt, wo der Serrano-Käse hergestellt wird. Dabei handelt es sich um eine informelle Produktion. Aufgrund der Präferenzen der Konsumenten für jungen statt reifen Käse sowie aufgrund neuer nationaler Hygienestandards, die mit der Produktion kleiner und handwerklicher Betriebe unvereinbar sind, wurde der Käseverkauf für illegal erklärt. Diese Studie verfolgt zwei Ziele. Erstens werden die Ansätze zur territorialen Governance sowie zur Governance in Wertschöpfungsketten der französischen und deutschen Literatur vorgestellt. Zweitens bewertet sie die Qualität der territorialen Governance-Prozesse auf der Grundlage der Analyse der institutionellen Arrangements. Dazu wurden die umgesetzten Arrangements in den Bundesstaaten Santa Catarina und Rio Grande do Sul auf den Campos de Cima da Serra analysiert. Dabei zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass zwei verschiedene StrateVol. 151, No. 1 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"36 1","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79370287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did Swiss forest trees respond to the hot summer 2015","authors":"S. Burri, Elena Haeler, W. Eugster, Matthias Haeni, S. Etzold, L. Walthert, Sabine Braun, R. Zweifel","doi":"10.3929/ETHZ-B-000387504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000387504","url":null,"abstract":"Central Europe experienced an exceptionally hot summer in 2015. The area of investigation in the Central Alps in Switzerland faced the second warmest summer since the beginning of measurements in 1864. As a consequence, agriculture suffered from considerable production losses. But how were forests affected by the hot summer? We analyzed stem growth data, measured by automated point dendrometers, from 50 trees across nine sites covering the four main Swiss tree species spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.) in the years 2014 (relatively wet and cool) and 2015 (hot and dry). Annual growth and environmental conditions were determined by, and related to, the growing period based on daily resolved growth data. Our multi-species approach revealed a wide range of responses. Radial growth of spruce was largely reduced during the hot summer 2015 for sites located below 1500 m a.s.l.. Growth of beech responded even positively at several sites on the Swiss Plateau. Fir and oak did not significantly deviate from their respective average growth rate. We conclude that one hot summer actually matters for stem growth, but its effect is not a priori negative. The timing of the heat wave is of highest importance. A relatively wet previous year, a wet spring and the relatively late occurrence of the heat wave in the wood growth period led to a less strong growth reduction than what could have been expected from agricultural plants. Endogenous effects like mast fruiting and legacy effects from past conditions are suggested to further play an important role for stem growth. Zusammenfassung Mitteleuropa erlebte einen außergewöhnlich heißen Sommer im Jahr 2015. Das Untersuchungsgebiet über verschiedene Höhenstufen in den Zentralalpen der Schweiz verzeichnete den zweitwärmsten Sommer seit Beginn der Messungen im Jahr 1864. In der Folge erlitt die Landwirtschaft erhebliche Produktionsverluste. Aber wie wirkte sich der heiße Sommer auf die Wälder aus? Wir analysierten Stammwachstumsdaten der Jahre 2014 (relativ nass und kühl) und 2015 (heiß und trocken), gemessen mit automatischen Punktdendrometern an 50 Bäumen der vier wichtigsten Schweizer Baumarten Fichte (Picea abies), Tanne (Abies alba), Buche (Fagus sylvatica) und Eiche (Quercus spp.) an neun Standorten. Das Stammwachstum wurde anhand der täglich aufgelösten Daten Vol. 150, No. 4 · Research article D I E E R D E Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin DOI:10.12854/erde-2019-420 Susanne Burri, Elena Haeler, Werner Eugster, Matthias Haeni, Sophia Etzold, Lorenz Walthert, Sabine Braun, Roman Zweifel 2019: How did Swiss forest trees respond to the hot summer 2015? – DIE ERDE 150 (4): 214-229","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"191 1","pages":"214-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77034301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Variability in Indonesia from 615 ka to present: First Insights from Low-Resolution Coupled Model Simulations","authors":"R. Rachmayani, M. Prange, M. Schulz, N. Ningsih","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-428","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the dynamics of Indonesian waters using the results of a set of 13 time-slice experiments simulated by the CCSM3-DGVM model. The experiments were carried out to study global climate variability between and within the Quaternary interglacials of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15. During boreal summer (June-July-August-September), in most of Indonesia, seasonal surface temperature anomalies can largely be explained by local insolation anomalies induced by the astronomical forcing. However, for some time slices, climate feedbacks may modify the surface temperature response in Indonesia, most pronounced in open water close to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The warmest boreal summer sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly compared to Pre-Industrial (PI) conditions of up to 1 K was found in the Banda Sea at 125 ka (MIS 5) and 579 ka (MIS 15). The coolest boreal summer SST anomaly down to –2 K at 495 ka (MIS 13) is equally distributed in Indonesian waters. During boreal winter, most of the moderate cooling over large portions of the land and the waters of Indonesia is also associated with local insolation. The most interesting finding in this study, a dipole and tripole precipitation pattern with up to 3.6 mm/day of rainfall anomaly during boreal summer is identified in the western part of the Indonesian waters, Indian Ocean to Banda Sea, and the eastern part of Indonesian waters. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information to predict the climate in Indonesia for the present and future. This may add to the assessment provided by the IPCC for a better understanding of future climate change in the region, which is a prerequisite for alleviating its impacts.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"16 1","pages":"230-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84425854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging in the ‘multi-territorial site of the political’: Political practices of Latin American landless movements in the struggle for food sovereignty","authors":"Benno Fladvad, J. Glöckler","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-448","url":null,"abstract":"In both the global north and south the claim for food sovereignty (FS) has become a powerful antithesis to the globalized economy of food. Drawing on scientific debates around the spatial and political dimensions of FS, we will focus in this contribution on how this emerging claim materializes in practice and space. Therefore, we will analyze in an exemplary manner political practices of the Brazilian and Bolivian Landless Movements, which adopted the idea of FS as a guideline for their political action. Our results reveal that these groups do not only fight for FS in the form of ‘typical’ representational and overt political actions such as land occupations, the blocking of roads and manifestations. Rather, we will show that the Landless Movements also express their claims quite subtly, in surprising but yet very powerful ways through multifarious, spatially effective and meaningfully interconnected social practices, which reveal their political character only upon second glance. In order to conceptualize our observations and to recognize the political momentum of these practices, we draw on insights from social theory and political theory and identify three constitutive principles that enable us to make political practices in their ‘worldliness’ distinguishable and recognizable. Building on this conceptualization, we will further propose the approach of the ‘multi-territorial site of the political’ as an analytical tool to investigate the complex geographies of social movements, in particular but not exclusively, in the context of FS in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"2014 1","pages":"197-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88133928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for shared responsibility – Political and social framing of coastal protection transformation in the Maldives","authors":"Beate M. W. Ratter, Arne Hennig, Zahid","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-426","url":null,"abstract":"There is widespread understanding that climate change has dramatic impacts especially for small islands. In the Maldives, a key challenge is to confront erosion processes along its coasts – past approaches have shown to not always be sustainable. Alternative approaches to coastal protection are therefore urgently needed. In this paper we use the concept of transformative governance to identify factors in society and politics that act as barriers and enablers to the introduction of alternative approaches to coastal protection in the Maldives. We investigate how inhabitants perceive coastal erosion risks and analyse people’s receptiveness to alternative coastal protection measures and their willingness to get involved in coastal protection. Governance structures are assessed against the context of conflicting central political, national and island peripherical interests. We identify hierarchical political structures in coastal protection governance as a dominant obstacle to alternative approaches. Based on empirical data collected in the research project DICES (Dealing with change in SIDS – societal action and political reaction in sea level change adaptation), we stress the importance of cultural aspects and sense of place when dealing with coastal protection. Further, we challenge the widespread assumption that people of the Maldives prefer hard coastal protection structures for their islands – a notion which is utilised by national politicians in their decision-making process to support the continuing application of hard protection measures. We discuss challenges to transformative governance related to shared responsibility, political power and openness to innovation. Zusammenfassung Es besteht weitgehende Einigkeit darüber, dass der Klimawandel besonders für kleine Inseln dramatische Auswirkungen hat. Für die Malediven bedeutet das, dass die vielfältigen Erosionsprozesse entlang der Küsten vor allem in der Zukunft auf nachhaltige und gleichzeitig Natur verträgliche Art zu bewältigen sind. Da landläufige Küstenschutzansätze inzwischen gezeigt haben, dass sie nicht immer nachhaltig sind, werden alternative Maßnahmen dringend erforderlich. Dies ist jedoch nicht nur eine technische, sondern auch eine gesellschaftliche Herausforderung. Um die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Hindernisse und Potentiale für die Einführung alternativer Küstenschutzmaßnahmen zu analysieren, untersuchen wir u. a. die Wahrnehmung von Küstenerosionsrisiken und hinterfragen die Aufnahmebereitschaft der Menschen für alternative Küstenschutzmaßnahmen. Darüber hinaus werden die bestehenden Küstenschutz-Governance-Strukturen im Kontext widersprüchlicher Vol. 150, No. 3 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"16 1","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76077892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detached Islands: Artificial Islands as adaptation challenges in the making","authors":"M. Portman","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-430","url":null,"abstract":"There is surprisingly little information and concern within academic literature in the field of coastal or marine planning and management related to the issue of artificial islands. This is particularly noteworthy considering the climate change phenomenon, vis á vis sea-level rise, the urgent need for adaptation, efforts aiming for sustainable use of coastal areas, and the recent focus in academic circles on marine spatial planning. Most literature (including grey literature) on artificial islands appears in the engineering and geology disciplines and is focused on energy extraction, i.e., oil and gas. Yet some coastal nations are intent on solving problems of lack of space and other resource shortages through construction of near-shore artificial islands for myriad uses, including commercial, residential and transportation infrastructure. This paper presents a limited review of the policy literature about planning and construction of artificial islands. It reflects what repercussions artificial islands portend for marine conservation, sustainability and, most importantly, how climate change adaptation is highlighted or neglected in spatial solutions addressed by the building of nearshore artificial islands. The Israeli situation, where tenders have been recently published calling for planning and building of islands in the Mediterranean Sea, serves as an example. Zusammenfassung In der Literatur zur Küstenoder Meeresplanung gibt es überraschend wenig Informationen über künstlich aufgeschüttete Inseln. Dies ist insbesondere bemerkenswert im Kontext eines sich wandelnden Klimas, dem einhergehenden Meeresspiegelanstieg und der dringenden Notwendigkeit der Anpassung, sowie der Bemühungen um eine nachhaltige Nutzung der Küstengebiete und der jüngsten Konzentration in akademischen Kreisen auf maritime Raumordnung. Der überwiegende Teil der Literatur (einschließlich grauer Literatur) über künstlich aufgeschüttete Inseln erscheint in den Gebieten Ingenieurswesen und Geologie und konzentriert sich auf die Energiegewinnung von beispielsweise Öl und Gas. Weiterhin gibt es einige Küstenstaaten, die entschlossen sind, Probleme wie Platzmangel und Ressourcenknappheit durch den Bau und die Nutzung (Handel-, Wohnund Verkehrsinfrastruktur) von küstennahen, künstlich aufgeschütteten Inseln zu lösen. Diese Studie gibt einen Überblick über die einschlägige Fachliteratur zur Planung und Realisierung von künstlichen Inseln. Es werden die Auswirkungen von künstlichen Inseln auf die Nachhaltigkeit von marinen Ökosystemen diskutiert und analysiert, ob Klimaanpassungen in räumlichen Lösungen beim Bau der Inseln integriert werden. Ein aktuelles Fallbeispiel ist Israel, wo kürzlich die Planung und der Bau von Inseln im Mittelmeer ausgeschrieben wurde. Vol. 150, No. 3 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"6 1","pages":"158-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87953914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The politics of artificial dunes: Sustainable coastal protection measures and contested socio-natural objects","authors":"Friederike Gesing","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-423","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, an emerging trend can be observed towards coastal management that works “with nature” – and not against it. A growing “community of practice” (Wenger 1998) is getting involved into projects of so-called “soft” coastal protection. The paper localises the emergence of this “sociotechnical imaginary” (Jasanoff 2015) at the Aotearoa New Zealand coast. It provides an ethnographic analysis of soft coastal protection as a socio-material practice, focusing on coastal dune reshaping. This technique promises a sustainable approach to coastal management that overcomes dualist meanings of coastal protection, understood either as erosion control and property protection, or as nature conservation (Cooper and McKenna 2008). Two examples from the North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand are analysed: a successful project in Whangapoua Beach (Coromandel Peninsula), where dune reshaping has been used by local houseowners as a temporary alternative to a seawall, and the “dune enhancement” part of a contested, Council-commissioned seawall construction project in Waihi Beach (Western Bay of Plenty), which has been perceived as utter failure. The cases show that when soft coastal protection projects are put into practice, the recognition and inclusion of local stakeholders can have manifest material consequences. The paper therefore argues that sustainable coastal protection is not only a technical question, but has a sociomaterial dimension. In order for artificial dunes to “work” as socio-natural objects, local understandings of the rights and responsibilities to care for the coast need to be considered. Zusammenfassung Das „Arbeiten mit der Natur“ (Gesing 2016) – nicht gegen sie – hat sich weltweit zu einem neuen „sociotechnical imaginary“ ( Jasanoff 2015) für nachhaltigen Küstenschutz entwickelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Artikel sogenannte „weiche“ Küstenschutzpraktiken in Neuseeland. Im Mittelpunkt der ethnographischen Analyse stehen zwei Projekte zur (Re-)Konstruktion künstlicher Dünen auf der neuseeländischen Nordinsel. In Anlehnung an Methoden der Dünenrenaturierung, die in Neuseeland vornehmlich durch ehrenamtliche „Care Groups“ umgesetzt werden, sollen diese Maßnahmen eine Alternative zu „harten“ Strukturen bieten. Die künstliche Düne als Küstenschutzobjekt verspricht dabei zugleich einen Ausgleich zwischen den gegensätzlichen Bedeutungen von Küstenschutz als Infrastrukturmaßnahme und Küstenschutz als Naturschutz. Im ersten Fall (Whangapoua Beach, Coromandel Pensinsula) wurde ein bekannter Vertreter der „community of practice“ (Wenger 1998) weichen Küstenschutzes von örtlichen Hausbesitzer*innen mit der Rekonstruktion einer durch Sturmerosion beschädigten Frontaldüne beauftragt. Im zweiten Fall (Waihi Beach, Western Bay of Plenty) sollte die Maßnahme den umstrittenen, von der Gemeinde in Auftrag gegebenen Neubau eines Steindeiches flankieVol. 150, No. 3 · Research article","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"41 1","pages":"145-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91171279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructuring coastal futures: Key trajectories in Southeast Asian megacities","authors":"Johannes Herbeck, M. Flitner","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-2019-451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-2019-451","url":null,"abstract":"The search for suitable adaptation pathways to accommodate for rising sea levels resulting from global climate change is an ongoing concern for many megacities in Southeast Asia and beyond. Addressing already existing challenges resulting from land subsidence and increased occurrence of inland flooding, adaptation can take varied forms and cover widely differing concerns, spaces and time spans. Based on research carried out in the cities of Singapore, Jakarta (Indonesia), and Manila (Philippines), this paper looks at some key trajectories of current adaptation planning. We argue that the processes of infrastructuring coastal futures in these cities are characterized by different aims and measures that overlap and converge in their material effects but also compete in articulating diverging new claims to the coast. In this perspective, we describe and analyze three main trends of infrastructuring coastal futures: the securitization of coastal futures by way of transforming disaster risk reduction practices and integrating new policy concerns, the greening of coastal spaces in material and operational terms, and finally, the valorization of coastal areas through reclamation, waterfront development and the creation of high-end real estate. Along these three trajectories, coastal adaptation planning becomes a key force that can influence virtually every sector of urban development and governance, and has strong implications for the futures of coastal cities in social and political terms.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"7 1","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82501067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}