Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science最新文献

{"title":"First report of mass mortality event caused by Eomarteilia granula in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum reared in subtidal and bottom cages on the south coast of Korea","authors":"Hye-Mi Lee ,&nbsp;Hyun-Sil Kang ,&nbsp;Nobuhisa Kajino ,&nbsp;Hyun-Ki Hong ,&nbsp;Young-Ghan Cho ,&nbsp;Kwang-Sik Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During a comparative experiment assessing the growth performance and health of the Manila clam <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em> in subtidal suspended cage and intertidal bottom cage culture system, we observed an unexpected decline in condition index alongside a sharp increase in mortality. Histological examination revealed a progressive surge in infection prevalence of <em>Eomarteilia granula</em> in the digestive glands, coinciding with the mortality trends. As the infection advanced, histological sections showed progressive tissue alterations within the digestive gland tubules, including epithelial thinning, necrosis, and complete architectural collapse in severely affected individuals—indicative of profound structural disruption. To assess the pathological impact of this parasite, we applied a histopathological condition index (HPI), calculated exclusively for digestive gland tubules due to the parasite's strict tissue tropism. HPI values increased markedly toward the end of the experiment, indicating severe tissue damage. These findings suggest that <em>E. granula</em>-induced impairment of digestive gland function likely contributed to the observed mortality. This study represents the first documented case of <em>E. granula</em>-associated mass mortality in Manila clams. While the prevalence of <em>E. granula</em> has remained low in natural Asian environments, our results highlight that intensive culture systems may amplify infection severity and associated mortality risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom wave streaming intensifies a nearshore upwelling front","authors":"Jiehua Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal upwelling front is a crucial physical process on continental shelves, influencing coastal material transport, air-sea interactions, fisheries, and ecological environments. While previous studies have shown that coastal upwelling front is influenced by various factors, such as winds and topography, relatively little attention has been paid to surface waves, particularly bottom wave streaming. Bottom wave streaming is a wave-averaged Eulerian current in the direction of wave propagation, due to bottom friction on waves. It can affect bottom cross-shore transport and vertical mixing, potentially affecting the coastal upwelling front. In this study, we focus on the effects of bottom wave streaming on a wind-driven coastal upwelling front over an idealized continental shelf using a coupled wave-current model. Our results show that bottom wave streaming weakens the along-shelf current through increased momentum dissipation, thereby reducing bottom onshore Ekman transport. As a consequence, less cold, deep water is transported shoreward compared to scenarios without bottom wave streaming. On the other hand, the enhanced vertical mixing associated with bottom wave streaming facilitates the outcrop of bottom cold water, strengthening surface temperature gradients and thereby the upwelling front. Further, sensitivity tests reveal that the bottom wave streaming-induced intensification of upwelling front is robust across different wave directions, heights, and periods. This study highlights the critical role of bottom wave streaming in shaping the nearshore upwelling front, emphasizing its importance in the study of upwelling dynamics and material exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating uncertainty in a wetland soil accretion model (NUMAN 2.0) to test generality across coastal environmental settings of south Florida","authors":"Pradipta Biswas ,&nbsp;Robert R. Twilley ,&nbsp;André S. Rovai ,&nbsp;Alexandra Christensen ,&nbsp;Zoë I. Shribman ,&nbsp;Sabarethinam Kameshwar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the relative contributions of aboveground and belowground processes to soil accretion and carbon density may explain carbon sequestration rates in mangroves across different coastal environmental settings. We reformulated the nutrient mangrove model (NUMAN) by improving algorithms and uncertainty analysis using literature values and site-specific observations to evaluate the relative contributions of organic and inorganic sedimentation for three mangrove sites with marked soil fertility gradients reflected by nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios including Shark River (N:P = 28), Rookery Bay (N:P = 54–78), and Taylor Slough (N:P = 102) in south Florida. NUMAN 2.0 considers cellulose as a refractory organic-matter sub-pool and simultaneously incorporates coarse-root inputs to soil formation. The model simulation also captures root necromass accumulation. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations (N = 1000 per site) were conducted to capture uncertainty by treating five key parameters as random variables: lignin content in fine, coarse, and large roots; inorganic sediment loading; and root biomass at the surface. With robust mass balancing of organic matter, NUMAN 2.0 generates precise predictions of surface accretion and carbon density. NUMAN 2.0 simulations estimated mean (standard deviation) soil carbon sequestration rates at 130.1 (55.4) for Shark River, 72.5 (3.7) for Rookery Bay, and 130.0 (83.9) <span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>y</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for Taylor Slough, compared to field values of 123.0, 86.0, and 108.8 (8.7) <span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>y</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, respectively. Simulation experiments with NUMAN 2.0 suggest that belowground organic matter dominates soil formation and carbon sequestration generally in coastal environmental settings with little allochthonous input such as carbonate settings, while wood litterfall should dominate soil organic matter in top 10 cm in estuaries, and bays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switch from source to Sink: Greenhouse gas fluxes in razor clam aquaculture ponds at different statuses of mangrove restoration","authors":"Yiwen Chen,&nbsp;Jialin Zhang,&nbsp;Peiyang Qiao,&nbsp;Sipan Wu,&nbsp;Xiufan Peng,&nbsp;Luzhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture ponds significantly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Ecological restoration of these ponds in China's coastal regions involves transitioning through stages of active cultivation, abandonment, and recovery to restore them into vibrant mangrove forests. However, the GHG emissions across different restoration stages remain under-researched. To bridge this gap, this study monitored carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) emissions at the water-air interface over a year in Zhangjiang Mangroves, focusing on razor clam aquaculture ponds in three distinct stages of restoration.</div><div>Our study revealed that ponds were significant CH₄ emitters, with abandoned ponds emitting the least (0.0049 tCH₄ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), followed by restored ponds (0.0061 tCH₄ ha⁻² yr⁻¹), while active culturing ponds had the highest emissions (0.0078 tCH₄ ha⁻² yr⁻¹). Both active culturing and abandoned ponds were net carbon sources, emitting 4.81 tCO₂ ha⁻² yr⁻¹ and 1.04 tCO₂ ha⁻² yr⁻¹ respectively, while restored ponds served as a carbon sink, with a net uptake 0.43 tCO₂ ha⁻² yr⁻¹ throughout the year. Temperature emerges as the most influential factors for both CO₂, and CH₄ emissions. Furthermore, the carbon sequestration capacity of mangrove forests offset 282.7 % of the total CO₂-equivalent GHG flux from the restored ponds. As restoration progresses, the cessation of aquaculture and vegetation recovery can effectively mitigate the greenhouse effect from pond cultivation by 73.8 %. This study provides vital data for China's coastal aquaculture carbon emission inventory and insights into GHG changes following the conversion of aquaculture ponds to mangrove forests, highlighting the significance of mangrove restoration in reducing emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where were the Caribbean mangroves during the Last Glacial Maximum? A preliminary microtopographical appraisal","authors":"Valentí Rull","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when global sea levels dropped by ∼132 m, the Caribbean continental shelf was fully exposed, which drastically reduced the flat topographical habitat necessary for mangrove growth. It has been proposed that mangroves survived in flat microsites beyond the shelf break and later expanded from these microrefugia to their current distribution after the LGM. However, this hypothesis remains untested. This study aims to identify potential refugia by locating flat areas around the −132 m isobath using Global Multiresolution Topography (GMRT) images. A significant ∼200-km-long potential refugium was identified on the northern Trinidad (NT) shelf, along with several scattered kilometer-scale microrefugia near the Cariaco Basin (CB) in northeastern Venezuela. Additionally, two isolated prospective microrefugia were detected in northern Colombia (NC) and western Hispaniola (WH). The remaining LGM Caribbean coasts were considered unsuitable for mangrove growth. The NT refugium, along with the CB microrefugia, may have served as the primary sources for subsequent mangrove expansion. This expansion was likely facilitated by postglacial sea-level rise and the SE-NE Caribbean Current (CC), which would have acted as a major agent for propagule dispersal. This microtopographical survey not only supports the microrefugial hypothesis but also narrows the focus to the most promising areas, significantly reducing the time, effort and resources required for future seismic and coring campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton dynamics and responses to two extreme events in the Gulf of Venice, Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy","authors":"Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry,&nbsp;Francesco Acri,&nbsp;Mauro Bastianini,&nbsp;Stefania Finotto,&nbsp;Alessandra Pugnetti","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study, based on 12 years of regular monthly observations, aimed to describe the prevalent seasonal pattern and taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton community at the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) site, Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (LTER-AAOT), a coastal region of the NWAS (North-Western Adriatic Sea), characterized by significant variability in oceanographic conditions. Although studies on phytoplankton communities in this region dates back to the 1960’, this dataset represent the first systematic and regular observations. Over this period, two years - 2014 and 2022 – stood due to their distinctive climatic conditions: extreme rainfall (2014) and severe drought (2022). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), such events are expected to become more frequent and intense in the future. Therefore, we also analysed phytoplankton changes during these two years, to explore the potential impact of extreme weather events on phytoplankton dynamics in this coastal area. The prevalent phytoplankton seasonal cycle is bimodal, with a growing season that starts in late winter and continues until early summer, followed by a decline in summer, and a second growth pulse in early autumn. Diatoms and undetermined nanoflagellates dominate throughout the year. Various taxa of dinoflagellates taxa are present in summer, though in low abundances, while coccolithophores (i.e. calcified Prymnesiophyceae) are present in winter. Despite significant variability in abiotic factors, this seasonal and taxonomic pattern remains a consistent feature of the phytoplankton community highlighting the overall variability of the LTER site as well as its similarities with other areas of the Northern Adriatic Sea. The study also suggests potential shifts in phytoplankton patterns in response to extreme weather events, indicating a trend toward more oligotrophic conditions during droughts and increased brackish water influence under most rainy scenarios. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the future dynamics of coastal phytoplankton communities in the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of length and robustness on the ingestibility of chain-forming diatoms in Manila clam feeding","authors":"Shouji Houki ,&nbsp;Suguru Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most bivalves show particle-selectivity during feeding, and particle size is one of the most important factors influencing the pre-ingestive selection. Diatoms are a major taxon of phytoplankton of inner bays and are considered to form an important food source for suspension-feeding bivalves including Manila clam. However, it remains unclear whether these diatoms are always suitable food for bivalves, because very long, probably difficult to ingest, chain-forming species tend to dominate especially inner bays. We investigated whether Manila clams are able to ingest chain-forming diatoms, and whether the length, robustness of chains affect feeding of clams. In a series of experiments we: 1) compared the mechanical strength of cell–cell bond in chains of two diatom species, <em>Chaetoceros contortus</em> and <em>Eucampia zodiacus</em>, using aeration at several flow rates, and found that cell–cell bond strength is greater in <em>C. contortus</em>; 2) measured feeding rates in clams on the unicellular <em>Chaetoceros</em> sp., robust chain-forming <em>C. contortus</em>, and more fragile chain-forming <em>E. zodiacus</em>, and found the feeding rate on <em>C. contortus</em> to be significantly lower than that on the others; and 3) compared chain length compositions of <em>C. contortus</em> and <em>E. zodiacus</em> before and after feeding by clams, and did not find significant difference in either diatom species. Considering the fine structure of the gill surface and diameter of the oesophageal sinus which determine the upper limit of the ingestible particle size, these results suggest that although the clams are capable of ingesting long and robust chains, they take longer to ingest them than unicellular and fragile chain-forming diatoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term simulation of saltmarsh landscape based on hydro-sediment and vegetation Dynamics: Assessing future stability","authors":"Feng Luo ,&nbsp;Hongbo Wu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jinhai Zheng ,&nbsp;Aifeng Tao ,&nbsp;Hongping Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongfu Dong ,&nbsp;Lin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt marshes play critical roles in coastal protection and ecosystem functioning but are increasingly threatened by sea level rise (SLR) and reduced sediment supply. These stressors disrupt the balance between vegetation dynamics and hydro-sediment dynamics, potentially leading to abrupt landscape transitions. In this study, we developed a vegetation dynamics model based on the life cycles of <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, <em>Phragmites australis</em>, and <em>Suaeda salsa</em>, and coupled it with the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic modules of Delft3D Flexible Mesh. Using parameters representative of central Jiangsu's tidal flats, we conducted 50-year simulations under varying SLR and offshore suspended sediment scenarios. Results show species-specific resilience and feedbacks to environmental stress. <em>Spartina</em> exhibits strong tolerance to high SLR and low suspended sediment concentration (SSC), effectively stabilizing tidal flats through sediment trapping. In contrast, <em>Suaeda</em> and <em>Phragmites</em> are more sensitive, showing rapid decline or retreat under stress. Vegetation self-organization shapes elevation patterns, with dense vegetation promoting accretion and creek-edge zones remaining erosion-prone. Under moderate conditions, marsh zonation remains stable, but extreme scenarios lead to fragmentation and irreversible shifts. This study demonstrates that coupling vegetation dynamics with hydro-sediment modeling captures long-term biogeomorphic feedbacks critical to salt marsh evolution. Effective management should integrate ecological and engineering approaches, combining emission reduction with adaptive planning to enhance marsh resilience under future climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shellfish carbonate in sediments: assessing historical baselines, dissolution dynamics, and carbon storage beneath shellfish farms, Marlborough, New Zealand","authors":"Sean J. Handley ,&nbsp;Rachel Hale ,&nbsp;Craig Smeaton ,&nbsp;Andrew Swales ,&nbsp;Ollie Kerr-Hislop","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inorganic carbon (IC) in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) produced by shellfish is a key but often overlooked component of estuarine sediments, now threatened by the decline of calcifying biogenic habitats. While biocalcification can be potentially a net emitter of CO₂, shellfish shells also preserve paleobiological records that can inform pre-impact baselines and support ecosystem restoration alongside aquaculture developments. However, global stressors—including overharvesting, benthic disturbance, and increased aquaculture—have distorted the sedimentary record of CaCO₃. We analysed sediment cores beneath three ca.40-year-old green-lipped mussel <em>Perna canaliculus</em> farms to assess shell deposition rates before and after aquaculture development. Mussel shells, including those from fouling species <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>, dominated both periods, but post-farming deposition rates increased by an average of 8-fold. Old shells in deeper sediments were from historic wild mussel reefs reduced to ca.3 % of former biomass by the 1970s. We found statistically significant yet minor differences in OC and IC content between old and recent shells. These results demonstrate how shell accumulation beneath farms preserves valuable ecological archives and enhances benthic carbon stocks. Our findings offer a novel tool for aquaculture managers to reconstruct baseline conditions, monitor carbon contributions, and inform the use of shell waste in coastal rehabilitation strategies on soft sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the restoration and protection of mangrove tidal ecosystems flat located in a high wave area","authors":"Qinqin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Hou ,&nbsp;Changtao Deng ,&nbsp;Huan Gao ,&nbsp;Qisong Wang ,&nbsp;Can Zheng ,&nbsp;Huiqun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests perform several essential functions, including organic carbon sequestration, wave energy dissipation, beach stabilization, and coastal protection against marine hazards. Establishing a favorable environment for developing mangrove tidal flats in estuaries with high wave activity requires targeted wave dissipation and beach stabilization measures. This study focuses on the restoration of mangrove tidal flats in the Huangmaohai Sea (HMHS), located on the western coast of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China. To dissipation wave impacts and enhance tidal flat stability, various combinations of bamboo rafts, artificial reefs, pine piles, and ecological oyster reefs were evaluated. Using cross-sectional experiments utilizing a physical model simulating wave dynamics and sediment transport, this study analyzes erosion and deposition patterns affecting mangrove seedlings under different wave recurrence intervals. The results indicate that under a 5 yr recurrence interval, the combinations of bamboo poles with artificial reefs and pine piles with ecological oyster reefs exhibit significant anti-erosion effects. Minor erosion was observed within the initial 1–2 m of the restored beach surface, with a maximum erosion depth of approximately 0.21 m. In contrast, the combination of pine piles and bamboo rows experienced more extensive erosion, with a maximum reach of 17.5 m and an erosion depth of 0.65 m. Erosion patterns under 30 and 50 yr recurrence intervals were also analyzed. The beach surface within the mangrove restoration area exhibits significant erosion, impairing its ability to maintain its original condition. A comparative analysis of the impact of varying bamboo row configurations on soil erosion and deposition in mangrove planting areas reveals that protection is afforded by both the bamboo rows themselves and the planted mangroves within a distance of up to 5 m from the rows. However, this protective effect diminishes with increasing distance. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the protection, restoration, and sustainable management of mangrove tidal flats in high wave areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}