Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science最新文献

{"title":"Sediment-induced lateral circulation in tidal channels with high turbidity: A cross-sectional modeling study","authors":"Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Hongwu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on salinity-induced lateral circulation (SalLC) in tidal systems, the dynamics of sediment-induced lateral circulations (SedLC) remain largely unexplored. This study employs idealized cross-sectional modeling to investigate SedLC in a highly turbid tidal channel with lateral bathymetric variations. Lateral bathymetric gradients trigger sequential lateral gradients in tidal velocity, turbulence, suspended sediment concentration, sediment-induced density anomalies, and ultimately internal pressure. This sediment-induced lateral baroclinic forcing, combined with periodic tidal mixing, governs the onset, development, and dissipation of SedLC, exhibiting a clear flood-ebb symmetry. SedLC is characterized by a bottom turbidity current, surface countercurrent and center upwelling/downwelling currents, creating complex cross-sectional flows of water and sediment. A schematic of tidally influenced SedLC dynamics reveals three primary stages: strong SedLC with surface convergence during slack tides, moderate SedLC with surface divergence during accelerating tides, and weak SedLC with surface convergence during decelerating tides. Strong interactions occur between tidally symmetric SedLC and tidally asymmetric SalLC, with the circulations adding during flood and counteracting during ebb. This study enhances our understanding of baroclinically-driven lateral hydrodynamics in tidal systems, with potential implications for three-dimensional substance transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-energy systems are underrepresented in global porewater studies of sandy beach aquifers","authors":"Gudrun Massmann ,&nbsp;Janek Greskowiak ,&nbsp;Julius Degenhardt ,&nbsp;Bert Engelen ,&nbsp;Moritz Holtappels ,&nbsp;Rena Meyer ,&nbsp;Mike Müller-Petke ,&nbsp;Nils Moosdorf ,&nbsp;Jutta Niggemann ,&nbsp;Katharina Pahnke ,&nbsp;Vincent Post ,&nbsp;Anja Reckhardt ,&nbsp;Kai Schwalfenberg ,&nbsp;Stephan Seibert ,&nbsp;Hannelore Waska ,&nbsp;Christian Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquifers beneath sandy beaches act as land-ocean conduits for groundwater and are active biogeochemical reactors modifying chemical fluxes across the land-sea interface. Subterranean estuaries of high-energy beaches with large tidal and wave amplitudes could be particularly reactive due to the exchange of large seawater volumes and transport of marine derived constituents deep into the subsurface. In this study, we first present a new classification for coastal energy regimes as a function of mean tidal range and mean significant wave height and define the term “high-energy”. We establish a global distribution map of coastal energy regimes and classify porewater study sites in sandy beach aquifers related to their prevalent energy regime. Despite their extensive contribution to the global shoreline, the porewater biogeochemistry of high-energy environments is largely unknown. Through a summary of the few existing porewater studies at high-energy beaches we reveal patterns in morphology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry, describe promising research strategies, and highlight future research avenues in these challenging environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mollusc epifaunal assemblages are simplified due to habitat shifts under ocean acidification","authors":"Gustavo M. Martins ,&nbsp;Javier Herrero ,&nbsp;Cristina Canella ,&nbsp;Sérgio P. Ávila ,&nbsp;Afonso Prestes ,&nbsp;Joana Barcelos e Ramos ,&nbsp;Jason M. Hall-Spencer ,&nbsp;João Faria","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification can have profound effects on marine organisms, particularly those that rely on calcium carbonate for shell and skeleton formation, resulting in structural changes to marine ecosystems. Here, we contrast the structure of marine mollusc communities (epifauna) associated with an abundant shallow-water macroalga, <em>Halopteris scoparia,</em> in an area with seawater carbonated by natural CO₂ seeps and three reference sites, off the Azores archipelago. Epifaunal mollusc abundance and diversity were significantly lower at the CO₂ seep compared to reference sites whilst species accumulation curves and Jaccard multivariate analyses showed that the mollusc assemblage was consistently less diverse at the CO₂ seep. Most of the abundant epifaunal species that were present at the CO₂ seep were also found at reference sites, but less common or rare species were generally absent from the former. We conclude that while some molluscs are likely to cope with ocean acidification, the overall biodiversity of epifaunal molluscs will be simplified under these conditions in a future ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential accumulation of dissolved azaspiracids and diarrhetic shellfish toxins in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): effects of temperature and tissue-specific uptake","authors":"Mayu Ozawa ,&nbsp;Hajime Uchida ,&nbsp;Satoshi Numano ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Ryoji Matsushima ,&nbsp;Mitsunori Iwataki ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and azaspiracids (AZAs) are lipophilic shellfish toxins produced by toxic dinoflagellates and known to pose significant risks to shellfish consumers. This study investigates tissue-specific uptake, accumulation and retention of dissolved AZA2, okadaic acid (OA), and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) in Manila clam (<em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em>). Manila clam feeding on toxic dinoflagellate showed significant accumulation of AZA2 in the digestive glands. On the other hand, dissolved AZA2 was accumulated significantly in the gills and showed strong tissue retention. Manila clam accumulated only trace levels of the dissolved OA and DTX1 in the digestive glands in all of its tissues. These results suggested that Manila clam had different uptake mechanisms for AZAs and DSTs. Temperature significantly influenced dissolved AZA2 uptake, with higher accumulation at warmer conditions conducive to Manila clam activity. These findings offer the first comparative analysis of dissolved AZAs and DSTs uptake in Manila clam, highlighting their potential role in environmental toxin monitoring and food safety risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, reproduction, and potential factors involved in body size reduction of poor cod (Trisopterus capelanus) in the northern Adriatic Sea","authors":"Federico Calì ,&nbsp;Mario La Mesa ,&nbsp;Fortunata Donato ,&nbsp;Mattia Panin ,&nbsp;Carlotta Mazzoldi ,&nbsp;Alberto Santojanni","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor cod (<em>Trisopterus capelanus</em>) is a gadoid endemic species of the Mediterranean and Black Seas showing fast growth and early sexual maturity. It accounted for 3–10 % of the total catch biomass of the Italian trawling fleet in the early ‘90s. However, its abundance has decreased significantly over the past two decades, with most of the landings occurring in the Adriatic Sea. The aims of the present study are to update information about the biological parameters of poor cod in the northern Adriatic Sea, to compare the size/age structure and growth performance of populations sampled with an interval of 34 years, to discuss the outcomes of the comparison taking into account the potential effects of fishing pressure and sea warming. Fish samples were collected monthly from commercial bottom trawlers of the northern Adriatic Sea in 2020–2021 and the growth performance of this population was compared with data coming from a previous sampling carried out in 1986–1987 in a nearby area. Age estimations were performed using data from age readings of thin otolith sections. Sexual maturity was achieved within the first year of life, at around 12 cm TL for males and 13 cm TL for females. The growth and age structure of the poor cod from the northern Adriatic Sea revealed some differences in the growth trajectories between the sampling periods, showing a reduction in the asymptotic length in both sexes. Despite some limitations due to the comparative approach, we hypothesize that the decreased growth performance might be related to metabolic constraints, possibly related to the increased temperature and/or high levels of fishing exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual variability in the reproductive cycle of Manila clam, (Ruditapes philippinarum) influenced by environmental and parasitic factors on the west coast of Korea","authors":"Thatchaneshkanth Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Jeong-Hwa Kim ,&nbsp;Kwang-Sik Choi ,&nbsp;Hyun-Sung Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive studies have shown that geographic variation, primarily driven by environmental factors, affects the reproductive cycle duration, gametogenesis, and spawning periods of the Manila clam, <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em>. From February 2008 to December 2010, we monitored the annual reproductive cycle of Manila clams on a tidal flat in Garorim Bay, located on Korea's west coast. In adult males, spermatogenesis began between December and February, reaching a peak (90 %) by March and April. Partial spawning in males occurred from May to July, coinciding with seawater temperatures rising from 11.2 to 20.0 °C. In females, oogenesis commenced between January and February, while spawning began in June, reaching a peak activity level of 36 %.A brief 3-month spawning period was recorded in 2009, while in other years, spawning extended for 4–5 months. The condition index (CI) of the clams ranged from 78 to 139, and fluctuations in CI during the spawning season indicated multiple spawning peaks in males, while females exhibited a single peak. The intensity of the protozoan parasite <em>Perkinsus olseni</em> infection ranged from 0 to 1.4x10⁵ cells per gram of gill tissue, reflecting a low infection level compared to clams from other tidal flats on the west coast. Overall, variations in reproductive stages and CI at the study site appeared to be primarily influenced by seasonal fluctuations in water temperature and food availability, with negligible impact from parasite infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion threshold of cohesive sediments in the German Wadden Sea: Temporal variability and comparison of in-situ and laboratory experiments","authors":"M. Witt ,&nbsp;J. Patzke ,&nbsp;E. Nehlsen ,&nbsp;P. Fröhle","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A newly developed in-situ setup of the Closed Gust Erosion Microcosm System (C-GEMS) was utilized for erosion experiments in a tidal mudflat in the mouth of the Elbe in the German Wadden Sea to investigate the temporal variability of the erosion threshold <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of cohesive sediments. In addition, erosion experiments with extracted sediment cores from the same site were conducted in the field and in the laboratory with the identical device to analyze the influence of sample extraction and transport on the derived erosion threshold. A total of 21 erosion experiments were carried out in four measuring campaigns between April and September 2024. The erosion thresholds derived from the in-situ experiments exhibit considerable temporal variability across campaigns, with values of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.1–0.27 N/m², while repeated experiments within the individual campaigns demonstrate a high degree of reproducibility. Accompanying analyses of surface sediment particle size distribution and bulk density revealed that mud concentration (clay and silt) varied with wind conditions and the associated hydrodynamic load prior to the measurement campaigns. The observed temporal variability in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is reasonably well captured by a mathematical model based on mud concentration and particle size, suggesting that <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> can be plausibly estimated from these parameters. For campaigns with a cohesive surface sediment layer, erosion thresholds derived in the ex-situ experiments are consistently lower than those obtained in the in-situ experiments. This is attributed to the disturbance of the surface sediments due to mechanical extraction and liquefaction during transport. The findings offer insights into the transport dynamics of cohesive sediments and help guide decisions on whether future erosion experiments should be conducted in situ, despite the significant effort involved, or whether extracted sediment cores are a suitable alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the taxonomic and functional structure of benthic communities from tropical muddy bottoms chronically disturbed by shrimp trawling","authors":"Lucas Rafael da Graça Dantas ,&nbsp;Victor Emmanuel Lopes da Silva ,&nbsp;Nidia Noemi Fabré ,&nbsp;José Souto Rosa-Filho ,&nbsp;Taciana Kramer de Oliveira Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continental shelf provides many important ecosystem services, including coastal protection, recreation, tourism, climate regulation, biodiversity, and food resources. However, this ecosystem has been undergoing degradation due to numerous human activities, both land- and ocean-based, with shrimp trawl fishing being one of the most impactful. This activity physically affects the seabed, alters biological communities, causes biodiversity loss, and compromises ecosystem functions and services. In this research, we characterized the taxonomic and functional structure of epibenthic communities in tropical muddy bottoms chronically trawled by shrimp fisheries on the shallow continental shelf of northeastern Brazil. We tested the hypotheses that: i) the taxonomic and functional structure of the communities is influenced by seasonality and depth, with greater diversity during rainy periods and at shallower depth; and ii) the epibenthic communities exhibit low functional redundancy and high functional vulnerability. Epifauna was studied in two fishing grounds during rainy and dry periods at depths of 10 and 20 m. Communities were dominated by species with traits less sensitive to physical impacts, such as large, hard-shelled scavenger species that crawl on the sediment surface. The taxonomic structure was affected by seasonal variation, whereas the functional structure was more strongly related to fishing grounds. The temporal pattern found may be attributed to seasonal changes in oceanographic parameters, such as salinity and temperature, which differ between dry and rainy periods. These results highlight the vulnerability of epibenthic communities in chronically trawled muddy bottoms of the continental shelf.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon capture by expanding temperate mangrove forests","authors":"R. Bulmer ,&nbsp;M.M. Palacios ,&nbsp;P. Masqué ,&nbsp;C.J. Lundquist ,&nbsp;L. Schwendenmann ,&nbsp;S.M. Trevathan-Tackett ,&nbsp;P. Waryszak ,&nbsp;H. Kettles ,&nbsp;P.I. Macreadie","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services that benefit both people and nature. While many countries have lost nearly 50 % of their mangroves in the past 50 years, Aotearoa New Zealand's mangroves are rapidly expanding in many locations due to increased sediment inputs from land-use changes and urbanisation. In the Auckland region, where mangrove extent has increased 4.5-fold since 1940, we quantified the blue carbon sequestration benefits from seven mangrove expansion sites. Our results indicate that New Zealand's mangroves sequester 86,000 t CO₂ annually, with an additional 3,400 t CO₂ sequestered in 2020 due to mangrove expansion. Specifically, mangrove carbon sequestration in the Auckland region has risen from 7,700 t CO₂ yr⁻¹ in 1940 to 34,600 t CO₂ yr⁻¹ in 2020 - equivalent to 50 % of the region's current emissions from forestry, fishing, and mining. Although the expansion of New Zealand's mangroves may impact perceived coastal amenity values, their role as significant carbon sinks is critical for mitigating global carbon emissions and supporting the country's commitments to the Paris Agreement. However, like many other countries, New Zealand has yet to include mangrove carbon sequestration in its national policies and management strategies. To move forward, we recommend: 1) integrating blue carbon into the national greenhouse gas inventory; 2) monitoring mangrove expansion and its likely drivers; and 3) working with local communities to better understand conflicting socio-ecological values of expanding mangrove forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of the coastal Wadden Sea fish community as revealed by environmental DNA","authors":"Suzanne SH. Poiesz ,&nbsp;Johannes IJ. Witte ,&nbsp;Judith DL. van Bleijswijk ,&nbsp;Harry J. Witte ,&nbsp;Evaline M. van Weerlee ,&nbsp;Maartje Brouwer ,&nbsp;Sanne Vreugdenhil ,&nbsp;Henk W. van der Veer ,&nbsp;Lise Klunder","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have suggested the occurrence of spatial variability in the fish food web structure in the temperate Wadden Sea. However, these studies were carried out in different years and with different fishing devices. To eliminate interannual variability in fish abundance and the impact of sampling design, an environmental DNA (eDNA) study was performed monthly at eight locations over the spatial scale of the Dutch Wadden See year-round in 2018–2019. In total, 40 different individual fish species and 8 fish groups were identified. The number of fish species identified in the samples varied over time and among locations between three and 19 different fish species. Over the year, 20 species were identified at all locations; eight species were found at 6–7 locations and the remaining 30 species were found only incidentally. The spatial variability found in the Wadden Sea fish community is the result of the variability in presence of rare (transient) species, due to location specific differences in hydrographical and geomorphological characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}