Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science最新文献

{"title":"Sea turtles inhabit warmer and saltier waters than 30 years ago","authors":"Nikolaos Simantiris","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has already affected the marine habitat and life in our oceans. Several thousand marine species are being influenced directly or indirectly by climate change, with the IUCN listing sea turtles as globally affected species with a decreasing population. This study analyzes the largest dataset of sea turtle tags with measurements of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity (from OBIS-SEAMAP) and evaluates the trend over the past 30 years for the major basins of the global ocean. The study reveals that sea turtles swim, forage, and live in warmer and saltier waters with an increasing trend for every marine habitat. Especially in the case of the Indian Ocean, sea turtles experience warmer SSTs by 5 °C. The findings of this work are critical, as they highlight the need to act to reduce the anthropogenic impact on sea turtle populations and to compensate for the impact of climate change, which is expected to exhibit further increases in the near future. Although it may be beneficial in some cases by making previously inaccessible regions (due to the water being too cold) now available for sea turtles to inhabit, sea turtles may not be capable of adapting to the current rate of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ artificial shading improves effective quantum yield and coral color of the tropical corals Acropora muricata and Porites lutea","authors":"Febrianne Sukiato ,&nbsp;Osman Normaniza ,&nbsp;Yang Amri Affendi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Declines in coral reefs areas are commonly attributed to thermal stress-induced coral bleaching. Previous observations have noted that coral reefs bleached less during heat stress in low-light conditions, such as higher turbidity or cloud cover. Artificial shading has been proposed as an adaptive strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of coral bleaching and improve coral resistance to stressors. However, the widespread application of this method requires more in-depth studies to investigate the effects of shading on coral health. This study implemented 80% artificial shading <em>in-situ</em> on two common species of Indo-Pacific corals at Pulau Rawa, Johor, Malaysia. <em>Acropora muricata</em> and <em>Porites lutea</em> fragments were collected to study the effect of lowered light on effective quantum yield (ΔF/Fm'; 21 days), coral health scores (color saturation; 30 days), and linear growth (<em>A. muricata</em> only; 30 days). Shading significantly increased effective quantum yield in both species by 3.6% and 4.5% in <em>A. muricata</em> and <em>P. lutea</em> on Day 21, respectively. Although the increment is lower, <em>A. muricata</em> achieved higher effective quantum yields than <em>P. lutea</em> in both shaded and control treatments. Implementation of shading had also enhanced the coral health scores in <em>P. lutea</em> by 29.3% on Day 30 compared to their non-shaded counterparts. The growth of <em>A. muricata</em> was not significantly affected by shading during the study period, though shaded corals displayed slightly less growth than non-shaded corals. Artificial shading was shown to have beneficial effects on coral photosynthesis and health during non-bleaching periods. This study lends further credence to artificial shading being used as a mitigation tool for future coral bleaching events, as photosynthetic efficiency and color are indicators of coral bleaching resistance. However, prolonged lowered light conditions may reduce photosynthetic output quantity and result in possibly slower growth rates. This tradeoff between factors of resistance and the different responses to shading in the two species studied implies the need for pilot studies before shading implementation. Further research should consider the short-term and long-term effects of shading removal and possible effects on coral adapted to different light environments before shading can be broadly used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated CO2 enables brackish marsh transgression into freshwater forested wetlands while stimulating CH4 emissions","authors":"Luzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Donald R. Schoolmaster ,&nbsp;Ken W. Krauss ,&nbsp;Camille L. Stagg ,&nbsp;Nicole Cormier ,&nbsp;Rebecca F. Moss ,&nbsp;Yiyi Xiong ,&nbsp;Nathaniel B. Weston","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands are significant carbon (C) sinks and are expected to promote greater C assimilation as atmospheric CO₂ concentrations rise. However, the fate of C with environmental change along fresh-to-oligohaline wetland transitions is not well understood. We established an <em>ex-situ</em> mesocosm experiment to mimic future elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (<em>e</em>CO₂, 720 ppm) versus current (380 ppm), and we exposed four co-occurring coastal wetland communities that naturally transgress (i.e., freshwater forest, mixed forest and marsh, marsh, mudflat) to these concentrations for two years. Overall, wetland communities with marsh plants in monoculture and mixed culture maintained high ecosystem C uptake with <em>e</em>CO₂ versus freshwater forested wetlands or mudflats, likely from superior plant species photosynthetic adjustment versus leaf area increases. <em>e</em>CO₂ promoted greater CO₂ uptake by leaves in all communities except mudflats, while promoting CH₄ efflux from whole ecosystems only when marsh plants were present. <em>e</em>CO₂ is projected to stimulate C gain 2.2-fold for forested wetlands and oligohaline marsh and 2.9-fold for forest-marsh mixture through greater CO₂ uptake. However, this comes at a cost of stimulated CH₄ flux by 1.4-to-1.7-fold in mixed and marsh communities versus reduced CH₄ fluxes with <em>e</em>CO₂ by forest and mudflat communities, perhaps through different oxidation pathways. Freshwater forested wetlands limited greenhouse gas emissions compared with transitional habitats, oligohaline marshes, and mudflats as atmospheric CO₂ concentrations increased. Stimulated C uptake in marshes may not offset higher methane emissions from these systems, potentially facilitating greater warming in a future with elevated atmospheric CO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional redundancy of primary producers mitigates function loss in an ice-scoured eelgrass meadow (Zostera marina, Linnaeus 1758)","authors":"Marie-Pomme Presne-Poissant ,&nbsp;Elliot Dreujou ,&nbsp;Fanny Noisette","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In boreal and subarctic regions, sea ice scouring increases benthic heterogeneity of shallow coastal ecosystems. The ice foot can trap eelgrass (<em>Zostera marina</em>) leaves and sediments, and, as it breaks, patches of vegetation are either displaced or destroyed, creating a mosaic of vegetated and bare sediment habitats. This spatial heterogeneity reflects on environmental differences where biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships can diverge. This study aims to explore the relationships between biodiversity and functioning in the boreal ice-scoured eelgrass meadow of Rimouski Bay (Québec, Canada). We assessed changes in diversity of the macrobenthic community and ecosystem functioning (based on carbon, oxygen, and nutrient fluxes) in 9 bare sediment and 9 vegetated cores sampled from the meadow, over a 20-day experiment. We hypothesized that bare sediment would exhibit lower species density, richness, and community functioning than vegetated habitats. Indeed, the absence of the foundation species <em>Z. marina</em> resulted in a less diverse macrofaunal community, as abundant in both habitats tough. During immersion, net community production and respiration were five-times higher in vegetated cores at the beginning of the experiment. However, this gap decreased by two throughout the experiment due to the natural recruitment of green algae (<em>Ulva</em>) and its functional redundancy in primary production. However, the non-perennial nature of <em>Ulva</em> questions functional redundancy all year long continuity, showing the need to integrate seasonal fluctuations in biodiversity and functioning assessment informing BEF theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the magnitude and mechanisms of occurrence of nonlinear tide-surge interactions in the Southwestern Atlantic Continental Shelf","authors":"Matías G. Dinápoli,&nbsp;Claudia G. Simionato","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to characterise the nonlinear tide-surge interactions (NTSIs) and their impact on the Southwestern Atlantic Continental Shelf (SWACS) barotropic dynamics. In addition, the associated atmospheric configuration, the generation mechanisms and their long-term variability were also studied. For it, process oriented numerical simulations with realistic geometry and bathymetry which consider the effect of atmospheric and tidal forcing both individually and jointly are run. Results reveal that NTSIs are significant in the shallower areas (depth less than 50 m) of the SWACS where both the tide and the surge present comparable magnitudes. North of 40°S, where shallow areas are relatively extensive, NTSI can account for between 5 and 40% of the total sea surface height anomaly which, in turn, is related to a reduction of the resulting sea level anomaly. In agreement, the bottom friction term was found to be the main source of NTSI explaining the loss of energy in shallow areas. In turn, the NTSI is modulated by both the tide and the surge: due to the relatively high frequency of the tide with respect to that of the surge, there are moments when the tidal and surge currents are aligned (opposed), increasing (reducing) the magnitude of the bottom friction and, thus, the NTSI. NTSIs in the SWACS can be described in terms of two spatial modes: one is strongly modulated by the surge and occurs when storm surges affect the Río de la Plata (microtidal) estuary; the second one is weaker and affects the northern SWACS coast where tides become larger and is mixed modulated by the tide and the surge. The first mode occurs in association with atmospheric Rossby waves that travel along 45°S, which are efficient in producing the winds that force the resonant response of the estuary forcing a locally generated surge; the second mode is related to atmospheric Rossby waves that travel south of 45°S, which are more efficient in generating surges in the SWACS. Both modes are found to show pseudo-periodicities on the interannual time scale in a band centred at around 2.5 years, which is consistent with the known scales of surge variability. Finally, results highlight the need to use regional tide-surge coupled models to forecast the surge in the SWACS; otherwise the estimation errors could be very large in some coastal and shallow regions due to misrepresentation of the barotropic regional dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spaceborne lidar observations reveal impacts of inundation on coastal forest structure across the U.S. Mid-Atlantic","authors":"Elisabeth Powell ,&nbsp;Ralph Dubayah ,&nbsp;Kate Tully ,&nbsp;Kari St Laurent ,&nbsp;Laura Duncanson ,&nbsp;Lola Fatoyinbo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impacts of accelerated sea level rise (SLR) on coastal ecosystems due to climate change has yet to be fully realized. SLR, combined with an increasing intensity of storm surges, are driving significant regime shifts in vegetation across coastal landscapes, leading to marsh migration and upland forest mortality. However, the specific effects of tidal inundation, stemming from elevated water levels and soil salinity, on forest vertical structure remain poorly understood. In this study, we use spaceborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) to explore the response of vertical forest structural dynamics in areas highly vulnerable to increased inundation across the U.S. Mid-Atlantic coastal region. We assessed the impact of inundation on three forest structural traits derived from GEDI data. We identified the threshold position where forest structure is no longer impacted and investigated the environmental factors influencing these positions across watersheds to determine the forest's vulnerability to transitioning into marshes. We discovered that watersheds with a high proportion of area below Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) tended to increase vulnerability to forest conversion into marshes whereas watersheds characterized by steeper slopes and drainage densities tended to have positions reflecting lower vulnerability, suggesting an overall increased resistance to marsh migration. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring forest structural dynamics for early detection of upland marsh expansion, with lidar technology offering a potentially valuable tool to enhance our understanding of ecological shifts in coastal environments. Such insights may be essential for evaluating ecosystem responses to SLR and may foster a more comprehensive understanding how SLR and other climate change-induced disturbances will affect the coastal carbon sink.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and environmental drivers of productivity in the Cochin Estuarine System: Insights from estuarine turbidity maxima","authors":"Adarsh V.B. ,&nbsp;Muraleedharan K.R. ,&nbsp;Abdul Azeez ,&nbsp;Gireeshkumar T.R. ,&nbsp;Ravikumar C. Nair ,&nbsp;Shivaprasad A. ,&nbsp;Praveena sudheesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cochin estuarine system, characterised by its Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) zones, undergoes significant seasonal variations influenced by riverine input and tidal forces. This study examined the seasonal shifts of ETM zones from June 2008 to May 2009, utilising <em>in-situ</em> data to explore turbidity, salinity, light availability, and chlorophyll-<em>a</em> production throughout the year. During the monsoon season, intense river discharge resulted in elevated turbidity, confining the ETM zone to the inlets. In contrast, the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon periods showed a notable upstream shift in the ETM zones, with maximum turbidity moving up to 12 km towards the southern arm by the end of the post-monsoon and up to 25 km by the end of the pre-monsoon period. Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> production is mainly influenced by light availability, turbidity, and nutrient levels. To better understand these dynamics, we categorised ten stations into four groups and normalised the data across key variables: light availability depth, fluorescence, turbidity, and nutrients. Despite lower light availability and higher turbidity during the pre-monsoon months, chlorophyll-<em>a</em> production showed peaks due to longer residence times and a stable hydrographic environment for sustained nutrient availability. Our findings underscore the importance of seasonal dynamics and particle residence times in determining estuarine productivity, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental conditions and biological processes in shaping the system's production potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mangroves and other coastal vegetation in effectively trapping microplastics","authors":"Bakan Jagdish Sudhakar ,&nbsp;G. Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove areas have been recognized as the most retentive zone for microplastics (MPs) originating from both terrestrial and marine sources. In this study, the level of MPs in the different parts of the mangrove species Avicennia marina, like leaves and roots as well as the sediment associated with its roots, was evaluated in the coastal mangroves of Tuticorin, Southeast Coast of India. The MPs were characterized by optical microscopy and ATR-FTIR. The mean abundance of MPs ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 items/cm2 (0.9 ± 0.3 items/cm2) in leaves, 1 ± 0.3 to 11 ± 6.3 items/kg (4.2 ± 3.8 items/kg) in roots, and 28 ± 5.2 to 53 ± 7.67 items/kg (30.33 ± 13.67 items/kg) in the root-associated sediment. The denser pneumatophore promotes entrapment and accumulation of MPs in sediment, which also enhances the absorption of MPs in pneumatophores due to direct environmental contact. The retention capacity of mangrove leaves for atmospheric MPs was compared with that of the leaves of terrestrial plants in the surrounding terrestrial environment. The specific leaf morphology of each species distinctly influenced the capacity for capture and retention. MP retention on the leaves of <em>A. marina</em> was greater due to the presence of waxy cuticles, small hairs, and salt crystals. In sediment, unlike leaves, the presence of diverse polymers was noted, while fiber-shaped MPs with polyethylene polymer were commonly found in leaves, roots, and sediment. This study concluded that mangrove plants have the potential to act as bioindicators of MPs. Based on this information, plant species with most MP-retaining abilities can be selected to build urban green infrastructure that lessens MP pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 109382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional morphodynamic modeling of reef islands in response to climate change","authors":"Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Min Kuang ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuting Song ,&nbsp;Long Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coral reef islands have been viewed significantly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, especially due to their low elevations when facing sea-level rise (<em>SLR</em>) and intensifying storms. Wave-driven flooding and erosion are anticipated to undermining these islands and forcing them to be uninhabitable in a few decades. Although, several existing investigations have tried to tackle the horizontally one-dimensional (1DH) morphological change of reef islands subjected to waves, experimental and numerical investigations on the three-dimensional (3D) island evolution are rare in the literature. Therefore, this study employs a non-hydrostatic phase-resolving model originated from the XBeach tool (XBeach-NH), combined with its sediment transport module. The model was applied to reproduce the published 3D wave basin experiments which used the Fatato Island located at Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu as the prototype. After model validation, the morphological responses of a more generalized 3D reef island to various climate change indicators, including <em>SLR</em>, increased storm activity and coral growth/degradation were investigated. Simulation results showed that vertical crest accretion, spit rotation, lagoonward island recession, island subaerial area and volume reduction were identified as the island's core responses. Reef islands were also found to have the capacity to adjust vertically to <em>SLR</em>, increased storminess and reef degradation below a threshold. However, their evolution processes can be accelerated as the values of these indicators further increased, eventually resulting in the destruction of the island. The above findings emphasize the pressing necessity to have the island's morphodynamic response integrated into the coastal flood models, thus the island's future persistence and stability could be better resolved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove-induced reversal of water exchange in Shenzhen Bay","authors":"Guangwei Huang ,&nbsp;Xiujie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenghua Yang ,&nbsp;Tongtiegang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests have profound effects on water exchange by modifying hydrodynamic fields. By using rigid cylinders to generalize mangrove forests to account for geometric and morphometric characteristics, this paper presents a novel investigation of the response of water exchange to mangrove forests. A case study is designed for Shenzhen Bay considering its unique status as the only mangrove nature reserve located in the hinterland of the modern metropolis in China, as well as its indispensable role in serving for sewage discharge from Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The results show that the spatial distribution of water exchange is reversed by mangrove-induced reductions in water levels and flow velocities and modifications in residual currents. Specifically, mangrove forests with widths of 300, 600 and 900 m and densities of 1, 2 and 4 plant/m² are shown to decrease velocities to below 0.0200 m/s and drop high water levels by about ∼0.400 m. Mangrove forests alter the spatial distribution of water exchange time at the bay head. On the southern side, water exchange time increases by about 15 days, slowing down pollutant dispersion. In contrast, on the northern side, water exchange time decreases by about 10 days, accelerating dispersion. This remarkable difference is attributed to residual currents which are enhanced in the northern bay head but weakened in the southern bay head. Besides, the reversal of water exchange is observed to be more remarkably impacted by mangrove width than by mangrove density. Overall, this paper provides useful information for mangrove conservation and restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}