Ethnicity & Disease最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Representativeness of Seriously Ill Patient Survey Responders in a Pragmatic Clinical Trial.","authors":"Aaron J Chau, Ron Hays, Anne M Walling, Lisa Gibbs, Maryam Rahimi, Rebecca L Sudore, Neil S Wenger","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.091","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pragmatic trials often implement an intervention across a population of patients but require information unavailable at the population level that must be reported by a subset of patients. In this pragmatic clinical trial, we compared characteristics of seriously ill patients with those who completed a survey evaluating advance care planning across 3 academic health systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A deliberate process including health system and external stakeholders and patients was used to design materials for and the approach to seriously ill patients. We developed a survey and conducted a multistep process to identify seriously ill primary care patients. We evaluated the relationships of age, gender, race and ethnicity, and vulnerability using the social vulnerability index in this population, and explored the representativeness of survey respondents compared with the underlying seriously ill population in terms of age, race and ethnicity, and vulnerability measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 5% (8707 patients) of the primary care population was classified as seriously ill, 5351 were mailed a survey and 1100 provided survey responses. Hispanic and Black patients were younger than White patients, and Black and Hispanic patients were more vulnerable than White and Asian patients and patients of other races. Representativeness was high across age and race and ethnicity, although White and Hispanic patients were more likely to respond than Black and Asian patients and patients of other races. Vulnerability in the surveyed sample was nearly identical to the population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A tailored survey and recruitment strategy yielded a representative sample of seriously ill, largely older, primary care respondents in the context of a pragmatic clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practice Recommendations for Integrating Health Equity into Pragmatic Clinical Trials for Dementia Care.","authors":"Susan L Mitchell, Ellen P McCarthy, Ladson Hinton, Manka Nkimbeng, Katherine D Peak, Ana R Quiñones","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.084","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Minoritized populations experience higher rates of dementia and worse health outcomes than non-Hispanic white people, but they are vastly underrepresented in pragmatic clinical trials embedded in health care systems (ePCTs). Little guidance is available to consider health equity-relevant issues in ePCTs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This report describes the development, structure, and content of a guidance document developed by the National Institute on Aging Imbedded Pragmatic AD/ADRD Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory to help investigators systematically assess the integration of health equity into all aspects of ePCT design.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Led by a task force of IMPACT investigators, a literature review of existing frameworks for health equity considerations in clinical trials was conducted. Next, priority health equity-relevant recommendations in the domains of ePCT design were solicited from Collaboratory experts. The 50 submitted recommendations were reduced to 36 nonoverlapping best practices and categorized into 6 domains, as follows: Getting Started, Community Stakeholder Engagement, Design and Analysis, Intervention Design and Implementation, Health Care System and Participant Selection, and Selecting Outcomes. Each domain had 6 best practice recommendations consisting of a succinctly worded main sentence, with 1 to 2 explanatory sentences. The content was finalized through an iterative process of editing and revision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although specifically focused on ePCTs involving dementia care, the best practices are applicable to any ePCT and can be useful to advance health equity in traditional clinical trials. This guidance document provides a first step toward promoting holistic, structured integration of health equity into the design and conduct of ePCTs as a matter of good science.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health, Self-Care, and Engagement in Care among Black Women Living with HIV.","authors":"Jordan Patrick, Sannisha K Dale","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.116","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Due to sociostructural factors, Black women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States represent the highest percentage of women with HIV and experience mental health struggles that impact health behaviors. This study examines associations between mental health, self-care, medication adherence, engagement with healthcare, HIV-related healthcare visits, and hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and nineteen Black women living with HIV in the Southeastern United States completed measures on scheduled visits (general and HIV-related healthcare), visits attended/missed/rescheduled, mental healthcare engagement (therapy and support groups), hospital visits (emergency room and overnight stays), medication adherence, and a clinician-administered interview assessing mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher self-care was associated with fewer emergency room visits (β=-0.31, P<.001) and hospitalizations (β=-0.22, P<.05). Higher post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were associated with hospitalization (β=0.23, P<.05) and missed HIV-related visits (β=0.20, P<.05) but higher outpatient mental healthcare visits for group psychotherapy (β=0.20, P< .05). Higher suicidality was associated with lower HIV-related healthcare visits scheduled (β=-0.26, P<.01). Higher HIV load was associated with higher HIV-related healthcare visits scheduled (β=0.45, P<.001) and hospitalization (β=0.41, P<.001). Higher Wisepill medication adherence (β=-0.28, P<.01) and self-reported adherence (β=-0.33, P<.001) were associated with fewer HIV missed visits. Higher self-reported adherence was associated with fewer emergency room visits (β=-0.38, P<.001) and hospitalizations (β=-0.27, P<.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the need for treating mental health symptoms and enhancing self-care among Black women living with HIV to improve engagement in care and health behaviors and decrease emergency room visits and hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in the High Cardiovascular Risk Setting of Rural Western Honduras.","authors":"Eleazar E Montalvan-Sanchez, Aida Rodriguez-Murillo, Tiffani Carrasco-Stoval, Keila Carrera, Renato Beas, Roberto Giron, Valeria Jerez-Moreno, Roque Antonio Soriano-Turcios, Orlando Reyes-Guerra, Karla Torres, Diego Izquierdo-Veraza, Tatiana Torres, Azizullah A Beran, Daniela Montalvan-Sanchez, Dalton A Norwood","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.124","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the population older than 45 years in rural Western Honduras and contribute to the limited literature on MS in Central America.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the District of Copan. The study includes 382 men and women aged 45 to 75 years. With proper consent, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, blood sugar, and lipid profile were evaluated. MS was diagnosed by using the National Cholesterol Education Program Criteria - Adult Panel Treatment III (NCEP-ATP III). Data were stored in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) and analyzed with STATA14.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected on 382 patients; of these, 38% were male and 62% female. The prevalence of obesity was 24.1% for both sexes. The prevalence of MS was 64.9%. Prevalence in males and females was 54% and 71%, respectively. Notable parameters were elevated triglycerides (71%), low High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (63.4%), and abdominal obesity (56.8%). In men, the distribution of MS was more homogeneous, with a mean result of 80% amongst all ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall prevalence of obesity and MS is severely underestimated in rural Honduras. The most remarkable parameter for MS was high triglycerides (71%). Sixty-nine percent of the population has above-normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Public health efforts to control comorbidities and tackle risk factors in this population should take utmost priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations When Designing and Implementing Pragmatic Clinical Trials That Include Older Hispanics.","authors":"Rafael Samper-Ternent, Stephanie L Silveira, Alan Stevens, Elena Volpi, Aanand D Naik","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.076","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are designed to connect researchers with clinicians to assess the real-world effectiveness and feasibility of interventions, treatments, or health care delivery strategies in routine practice. Within PCTs larger, more representative sampling is possible to improve the external validity of the research. Older adults from underrepresented groups can benefit from PCTs given their historically lower engagement in clinical research. The current article focuses on older Hispanic adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs). Older Hispanic adults represent 19% of the US population and have a higher prevalence of ADRDs than Whites. We provide data from 2 PCTs about the recruitment of older Hispanics with ADRDs and discuss unique challenges associated with conducting PCTs and propose strategies to overcome challenges.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>The first PCT outlined is the Patient Priorities Care for Hispanics with Dementia (PPC-HD) trial. PPC-HD is testing the feasibility of implementing a culturally adapted version of the Patient Priorities Care approach for older Hispanic adults with multiple chronic conditions and dementia. The second PCT is the Dementia Care (D-CARE) Study, which is a multisite pragmatic study comparing the effectiveness of a health care system-based approach and a community-based approach to dementia care to usual care in patients with ADRDs and their family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Lessons learned and recommendations for future studies: </strong>The lessons learned are summarized according to the various stakeholders that need to work together to effectively recruit diverse participants for PCTs: individuals, health care systems, research teams, and communities. Individual-level considerations include communication, priorities, and flexibility. Health care system-level considerations are grounded in 4 principles of Community-Based Participatory Research and include collaboration/partnership, available resources, priorities of the health care system, and sustainability. Research team-level considerations include team members, intentionality, and communication. Community-level considerations highlight the importance of partnerships, community members, and appropriate incentives.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PCTs provide a unique and potentially impactful opportunity to test interventions in real-world settings that must be culturally appropriate to reach underrepresented groups. Collectively, considering variables at multiple levels to address the needs of older adults with ADRDs is crucial, and the examples and suggestions provided in this report are a foundation for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to Early Mortality in African Americans, the Jackson Heart Study.","authors":"Katherine C Brooks, Mark J Ommerborn, Lara I Brewer, Mario Sims, Adolfo Correa, Gabriel S Tajeu, Cheryl R Clark","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.098","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent years, premature \"deaths of despair\" (ie, due to alcohol, drug use, and suicide) among middle-aged White Americans have received increased attention in the popular press, yet there has been less discussion on what explains premature deaths among young African Americans. In this study, we examined factors related to deaths of despair (alcohol use, drug use, smoking) and contextual factors (perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, neighborhood conditions) as predictors of premature deaths before the age of 65 years among African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a longitudinal cohort study of African Americans in the Jackson, Mississippi, metropolitan statistical area. We included participants younger than 65 years at baseline (n=4000). Participant enrollment began in 2000 and data for these analyses were collected through 2019. To examine predictors of mortality, we calculated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% CI), using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, ideal cardiovascular health metrics, drug use, alcohol intake, functional status, cancer, chronic kidney disease, asthma, waist circumference, depression, income, education, health insurance status, perceived neighborhood safety, and exposure to lifetime discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 230 deaths in our cohort, which spanned from 2001-2019. After adjusting for all covariates, males (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11-2.03), participants who used drugs (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.13-2.08), had a heavy alcohol drinking episode (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.41), reported 0-1 ideal cardiovascular health metrics (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06-3.02), had cancer (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.41-4.01), had poor functional status (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.37), or with annual family income less than $25,000 (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.02-2.62) were more likely to die before 65 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our large cohort of African American men and women, clinical predictors of premature death included poor cardiovascular health and cancer, and social predictors included low income, drug use, heavy alcohol use, and being a current smoker. Clinical and social interventions are warranted to prevent premature mortality in African Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking Across and Within: Immigration as a Unifying Structural Factor Impacting Cardiometabolic Health and Diet.","authors":"Madison N LeCroy, Rachel Suss, Rienna G Russo, Sonia Sifuentes, Jeannette M Beasley, R Gabriela Barajas-Gonzalez, Perla Chebli, Victoria Foster, Simona C Kwon, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Stella S Yi","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.130","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immigration has been identified as an important social determinant of health (SDH), embodying structures and policies that reinforce positions of poverty, stress, and limited social and economic mobility. In the public health literature with regard to diet, immigration is often characterized as an individual-level process (dietary acculturation) and is largely examined in one racial/ethnic subgroup at a time. For this narrative review, we aim to broaden the research discussion by describing SDH common to the immigrant experience and that may serve as barriers to healthy diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review of peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and immigration was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cardiometabolic disease disparities were frequently described by racial/ethnic subgroups instead of country of origin. While cardiovascular disease and obesity risk differed by country of origin, diabetes prevalence was typically higher for immigrant groups vs United States (US)-born individuals. Common barriers to achieving a healthy diet were food insecurity; lack of familiarity with US food procurement practices, food preparation methods, and dietary guidelines; lack of familiarity and distrust of US food processing and storage methods; alternative priorities for food purchasing (eg, freshness, cultural relevance); logistical obstacles (eg, transportation); stress; and ethnic identity maintenance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To improve the health of immigrant populations, understanding similarities in cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and barriers to health across immigrant communities-traversing racial/ethnic subgroups-may serve as a useful framework. This framework can guide research, policy, and public health practices to be more cohesive, generalizable, and meaningfully inclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncommunicable Disease Conditions and HIV in Rural and Urban South Africa: 2005-2015.","authors":"Leandi Lammertyn, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Herculina S Kruger, Iolanthe M Kruger, Carla M T Fourie","doi":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.108","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.33.2-3.108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes contribute primarily to noncommunicable disease deaths and together with human immunodeficiency virus contribute largely to mortality in South Africa. Our longitudinal study provides the necessary data and insights over a 10-year period to highlight the areas where improved management is required in urban and rural localities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 536 rural and 387 urban Black participants aged 32 to 93 years from the North-West province, South Africa. Disease prevalence, treatment, and control were determined in 2005 and were re-evaluated in 2015. Multiple measures analyses were used to determine the trends of blood pressure and waist circumference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial prevalence of hypertension was 53.2%, obesity was 23.6%, hyperlipidemia was 5.1%, diabetes was 2.9%, and human immunodeficiency virus was 10.7% in 2005. By 2015, the rural population had higher rates of hypertension (63.7% versus 58.5%) and lower rates diabetes (4.3% versus 7.9%) and hyperlipidemia (6.6% versus 18.0%) with similar obesity rates (41.7% versus 42.4%). The average blood pressure levels of urban hypertensives decreased (P_trend<.001), whereas levels were maintained in the rural group (P_trend=.52). In both locations, treatment and control rates increased from 2005 to 2015 for all conditions (all ≥6.7%), except for diabetes in which a decrease in control was observed. Waist circumference increased (P_trend>.001) in both sex and locality groups over the 10-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although average blood pressure of urban hypertensive individuals decreased, urgent measures focused on early identification, treatment, and control of the respective conditions should be implemented to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"33 2-3","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Perspectives on Establishing COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence in Black Communities.","authors":"Lisa N Mansfield, Savanna L Carson, Yelba Castellon-Lopez, Alejandra Casillas, D'Ann Morris, Ejiro Ntekume, Juan Barron, Keith C Norris, Arleen F Brown","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.4.341","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.4.341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine decision-making among Black adults at high-risk for COVID-19 infection. Despite effective treatment and vaccination availability, Black Americans continue to be disproportionately impacted by COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Design setting and participants: </strong>Using community-engaged qualitative methods, we conducted virtual, semi-structured focus groups with Black residents in Los Angeles County before widespread vaccine rollout. Recruitment occurred through local community partners.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Themes and subthemes on factors for vaccine confidence and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a larger study exploring COVID-19 vaccine decision-making factors among multiethnic groups, two-hour virtual focus groups were conducted between December 15, 2020 and January 27, 2021. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three focus groups were conducted with 17 Black participants, who were primarily female (n=15), residents of high-poverty zip codes (n=11) and employed full-time (n=6). Black-specific considerations for vaccine confidence and accessibility include: 1) reduced confidence in COVID-19 vaccines due to historical government inaction and racism (existing health inequities and disparities are rooted in racism; historical unethical research practices); 2) misunderstanding of Black communities' vaccine concerns (\"vaccine hesitancy\" as an inaccurate label to describe vaccine skepticism; ignorance to root causes of vaccine skepticism); and 3) recognizing and building on resources (community agency to address COVID-19 vaccine needs adequately).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccination campaigns should improve understanding of underlying vaccination concerns to improve vaccine outreach effectiveness and should partner with, provide resources to, and invest in local, trusted Black community entities to improve COVID-19 vaccination disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 4","pages":"341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9590598/pdf/ethndis-32-341.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and Infant Health Inequities, Reproductive Justice and COVID Addressed in RACE Series.","authors":"Chandra L Ford, Valencia Walker, Joia Crear-Perry, Jessica D Gipson","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.4.351","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.4.351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 4","pages":"351-356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9590602/pdf/ethndis-32-351.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9698284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}