Ethnicity & Disease最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Mental Health Factors Associated with Obesity in Resettled Refugees in Syracuse, New York.","authors":"Miriam Mutambudzi, Akritee Sharma, Waseem Sous, Andrea V Shaw, Kevin S Heffernan","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-59","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Resettled refugees have been exposed to stressful and life-threatening events preresettlement and are among the most marginalized and vulnerable groups in society. Postresettlement, they face challenges when assimilating to an unfamiliar host country, which renders them vulnerable to adverse health outcomes including obesity, a major public health burden. This study was conducted to examine the association of mental health and sociodemographic factors, including language proficiency and educational attainment, with obesity in first-generation resettled refugees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from electronic health records from the Adult Ambulatory Medicine Clinic of the State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, NY. The probability of being overweight and obese (class I and class II) relative to normal weight was estimated using fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression models with relative risk ratios (RRRs).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Relative to male refugees, female refugees were more likely to have class I obesity (RRR=1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.19, 2.80) and class II obesity (RRR=4.07; 95% CI=2.41, 6.87). Limited English proficiency increased the risk of being overweight (RRR=2.02; 95% CI=1.29, 3.17) and having class II obesity (RRR=2.14, 95% CI=1.20, 3.81). A clinical mental health diagnosis increased the risk of class I (RRR=2.00; 95% CI=1.35, 2.96) and class II (RRR=1.76; 95% CI=1.15, 2.71) obesity. Having no formal education was associated with decreased risk of class II obesity (RRR=0.42; 95% CI=0.19, 0.90).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Obesity prevalence and subsequent related morbidity continue to be major public health burdens in vulnerable, often underserved populations in the United States. Further investigation into social determinants of obesity in refugees in a community setting that captures the unique experiences of heterogenous refugee groups outside the clinical setting is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 4","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary: Invisibility of Older African-American Adults in Electrophysiological Research on Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ezra C Holston","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-76","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, researchers are examining the feasibility of integrating electrophysiological biomarkers in the clinical assessment of older adults (≥65 years of age) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research has been executed predominantly in older Caucasian adults. Older African-American adults have not been effectively recruited for this research. This issue has resulted in a significant gap in the literature about electrophysiological biomarkers and potential clinical utility in assessing for and diagnosing AD in older African-American adults.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To share an opinion about the invisibility of older African-American adults in electrophysiological research on AD and potential outcome their inclusion can have on the integration of electrophysiological biomarkers into clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this commentary, it was necessary to determine the status of older African-American adults in electrophysiological research. Studies were identified using the search engines PUBMED, CINAHL, Elsevier, and Scopus with a time range of between 2016 and 2022. Nineteen peer-reviewed studies supported this commentary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In older Caucasian adults with AD, electrophysiological biomarkers were associated with the onset and progression of AD. These biomarkers related to the cognitive impairment of AD and its manifestations. There were no studies characterizing any electrophysiological biomarkers in older African-American adults with AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research is growing to support the integration of electrophysiological biomarkers into clinical practice. The invisibility of older African-American adults in this research affects the reliability of electrophysiological biomarkers and their application to persons with AD in racially diverse groups. This invisibility also contributes to health disparities confronting older African-American adults with AD and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 4","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep as a Predictor of Health-Related Quality of Life among Economically Disadvantaged Black Older Adults.","authors":"Julia Roncoroni, Carolyn M Tucker, Guillermo Wippold, Karthek Ramchander, Michell Pirapakaran, Meagan Henry","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2027","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep disturbances may partially account for the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) disparities experienced by Black older adults when compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults. The present study examined the role of self-reported sleep duration and the belief that one is not getting enough sleep on physical and mental HRQoL among Black older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Participants were 281 community-dwelling, economically disadvantaged Black older adults between 60 and 97 years of age (Mean=69.01, SD=6.97) who lived in a large city in the Southeastern United States. The present study uses baseline data from a larger intervention study aimed at promoting social connection and food security among older adults. For this study (and as part of the larger intervention), participants completed an assessment battery that included (1) a demographic data and health questionnaire that included self-reported sleep duration and a belief that one is not getting enough sleep questions; (2) the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Health-Related Quality of Life-14 Healthy Days Core Module; and (3) the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive results show that most participants slept less than 7 hours and felt like they did not get enough sleep. Results from 2 hierarchical regressions also showed that believing one is not getting enough sleep predicts lower self-reported mental and physical HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While sleep deprivation has a serious impact on quality of life for Black older adults, sleep disturbances in this population are understudied. Interventions to improve sleep duration and quality among Black older adults may help reduce disparities in quality of life between Black older adults and NHW adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 4","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Engagement among Black Immigrants and African American Adults in the 2010 to 2018 NHIS Study.","authors":"Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa, Ruth-Alma Turkson Ocran, Mercedes R Carnethon, Faith E Metlock, Xiaoyue Liu, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-45","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High rates of physical inactivity persist in the United States, with higher rates among non-Hispanic Black adults than among their White peers. However, a comparison of physical activity engagement across nativity among Black adults in the United States has yet to be fully documented. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine physical activity engagement rates among African immigrant and Afro-Caribbean immigrant adults compared with native-born African American adults using data from the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey, we used generalized linear models to compare levels of physical activity (meeting the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] recommendations) by ethnic subgroups of Black adults, sequentially adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 38,037 adults (58.8% female, 21% college/graduate degree, and 41.4% with obesity) were included. Only 41.9% of all participants met the MVPA recommendations. In the fully adjusted models across the 9 years, higher levels of MVPA were seen among African Americans (42%) than among African immigrants (38%) and Afro-Caribbean immigrants (41%). Compared with African Americans, African immigrants were less likely to engage in physical activity that met the MVPA guidelines (prevalence ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.85, 0.96), whereas there were no differences in meeting the guidelines between Afro-Caribbean immigrants (prevalence ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval:0.90, 1.02) and African Americans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Culturally tailored interventions addressing socioenvironmental barriers and facilitators of physical activity may have important impacts on physical activity promotion and long-term disease burden among Black adults across nativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth Perspectives on the Flint Water Crisis and Its Health Effects.","authors":"Susan J Woolford, Jennifer S Carrera, Kent Key, Luther Evans, E Yvonne Lewis, Sarah Bailey, Dewaun Robinson, Athena McKay, Karen Calhoun","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2018","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the youth of Flint are at risk from the effects of the water crisis, little is known about their perspective of the impact of the water on their health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore adolescents' perceptions of living in Flint during the water crisis, its impact on their health, and ways to address the crisis and rebuild trust.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In summer 2018, four focus groups were conducted with adolescents in Flint (ages 13 to 17 years). Group sessions were conducted by trained facilitators who were Flint residents along with members of the community-academic research team. Group sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were reviewed and themes identified by the research team and youth from the focus groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 53 participants, most identified as Black (66%) and male (64%). Participants expressed concern about the impact of the water on their health. They knew people who developed rashes, experienced cognitive changes, and who died, they believed, owing to the water. The crisis also led to psychological consequences for youth. They expressed ongoing mistrust of the water and of institutions that should protect them, as well as concern that exposure may have long-term effects on their health and their children's health. Despite these concerns, participants expressed resilience and a desire to share that they had the potential to live successful lives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Youth expressed concern about current and long-term health sequelae of the water crisis. Further work is needed to monitor the consequences of the crisis and to identify resident-informed approaches to mitigate its effects and rebuild trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Major Lifetime and Everyday Discrimination with Cognitive Function among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.","authors":"Ruijia Chen, DeAnnah R Byrd, Keith E Whitfield, David R Williams","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-42","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the associations of lifetime and everyday discrimination with cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n=2952, mean age=43 years [SD=17]). We fitted multivariable linear regression models to quantify the discrimination-cognition associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Major lifetime (<i>β_{1 vs 0 episodes of discrimination}</i>  = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.15-0.96; <i>β_{2+ vs 0 episodes of discrimination}</i>  = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.31-0.97) and everyday (<i>β</i>=0.10, 95% CI, 0.06-0.14) discrimination were positively associated with cognition, and these associations did not differ by race/ethnicity. Among older adults, major lifetime discrimination, but not everyday discrimination, was positively associated with cognition (<i>β_{2+ vs 0 episodes of discrimination}</i> =1.79; 95% CI, 0.79-2.79).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Measurement and selection bias may partially explain the counterintuitive study findings. We call for longitudinal research to further investigate the discrimination-cognition relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Vulnerability May Underlie Racial Disparities in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Outcomes.","authors":"Lindsay Speros Robbins, Jeff M Szychowski, Ariann Nassel, Ankit Bansal, Ayamo G Oben, Emily K Armour, Zachary Walker, Indranee N Rajapreyar, Martha Wingate, Alan T Tita, Rachel G Sinkey","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2030","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2022-2030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Black patients have disproportionately more cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and more severe disease. To better understand these disparities, we examined the geographic distribution of patients with PPCM by race and evaluated associations between race and social vulnerability. We hypothesized that Black patients with PPCM are more likely than White patients to live in socially vulnerable communities.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of patients with PPCM defined by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was conducted at a single center from January 2000 to November 2017. The US census tract for each patient was identified, and social vulnerability was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Higher SVI values represent a more vulnerable community. SVI and select subcomponents were compared by self-reported race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 90 patients with PPCM (47 White, 43 Black), the ejection fraction at diagnosis was similar between groups, although Black patients were more likely to have an ejection fraction of ≤40% at 6 to 12 months postpartum. Black race was associated with living in areas of greater social vulnerability; mean SVI was significantly higher among Black individuals than among White individuals (.56 versus .33, P=.0003). Black patients lived in areas with more people living in poverty, higher unemployment, and more single-parent households.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Black patients with PPCM were more likely to have persistent left ventricular dysfunction and live in areas of greater social vulnerability. Strategies to achieve equitable social determinants of health are needed to improve health outcomes in Black patients with PPCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in Emotional Reactions to the Flint Water Crisis among Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint.","authors":"Darya Dokshina, Sidonie K Roque, Sydney Berry, Nia Heard-Garris, Anita M Malone, Katherine W Bauer, Belinda L Needham","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-58","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether Black women in Michigan communities outside of Flint were more likely than women in other racial and ethnic groups to report negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis, an ongoing public health disaster that has been widely attributed to anti-Black structural racism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from a 2020 survey of Michigan women aged 18-45 in communities outside of Flint (N=888). We used logistic regression models to examine racial and ethnic differences in the odds of negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Black women, White women had lower odds of feeling scared (odds ratio [OR]=0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.84), hopeless (OR=0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.74), tired (OR=0.45; 95% CI, 0.32-0.64), and numb (OR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.75) when thinking about the water crisis. There were no differences between Black and Hispanic women, whereas women of other races or ethnicities had lower odds than Black women of feeling numb (OR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Flint Water Crisis was a racialized stressor, with potential implications for mental health inequities among Michigan women who were not directly affected by the crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Determinants of Long COVID and Potential for Telehealth Intervention.","authors":"Molly Jacobs, Charles Ellis, Irene Estores","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2024-2","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, or long COVID, has a variety of symptoms, but little is known about the condition. This study evaluated the association between individual factors, social determinants of health, and the likelihood of long COVID by assessing internet usage as an indicator of viable access to telehealth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey identified adults who (1) reported a previous COVID-19-positive test and/or diagnosis and (2) experienced long COVID. A 2-stage selection model predicted COVID-19 infection in the first stage and long COVID in the second stage. To test the potential use of telehealth, binary dependent variable regression evaluated internet usage among respondents with long COVID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 40% (N=10,318) of respondents had tested positive/been diagnosed with COVID-19, but less than 20% of them (N=1797) had long COVID. Although older respondents were less likely to have COVID (odds ratio [OR]=0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.44, 0.53), they were more likely to experience long COVID (OR=1.63; CI=1.37, 1.93). Relative to White individuals, Black individuals were less likely to have COVID (OR=0.78; CI=0.69, 0.89) but significantly more likely (OR=1.21; CI=1.09, 1.64) to experience long COVID. Long COVID was also more likely among low-income earners (first income-to-poverty ratio quartile OR=1.40, CI=1.14, 1.72; second income-to-poverty ratio OR=1.37, CI=1.14, 1.64) and those without a college degree (OR=1.42; CI=1.01, 1.66). There were no statistically significant differences in internet access between racial, geographic, or income groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long COVID is significantly more likely among Black individuals and low-income households than among their counterparts, but with few recourses available, telehealth service delivery could be a feasible intervention mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Structural Racism, Environmental Burden, and Cancer Rates: An Ecological Study of US Counties.","authors":"Joelle N Robinson-Oghogho, Kassandra I Alcaraz, Roland J Thorpe","doi":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-68","DOIUrl":"10.18865/EthnDis-2023-68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we examined associations between county-level measures of structural racism and county-level cancer incidence and mortality rates between race groups while accounting for factors associated with cancer rates and county-level measures of environmental burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore this relationship, we conducted multiple linear regression analyses. Data for these analyses came from an index of county-level structural racism and publicly available data on 2015 to 2019 age-adjusted cancer rates from the US Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, 2019 County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, the Environmental Protection Agency's 2006 to 2010 Environmental Quality Index, and 2015 to 2019 estimates from the US Census American Community Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>County-level structural racism was associated with higher county cancer incidence rates among Black (adjusted incidence rate: 17.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.3, 25.5) and Asian/Pacific Islander populations (adjusted incidence rate: 9.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 16.9) and higher mortality rates for American Indian/Alaskan Native (adjusted mortality rate [AMR]: 17.4, 95% CI: 4.2, 30.6), Black (AMR: 11.9, 95% CI: 8.9, 14.8), and Asian/Pacific Islander (AMR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.1) populations than White populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the detrimental impact of structural racism on cancer outcomes among minoritized populations. Strategies aiming to mitigate cancer disparities must embed processes to recognize and address systems, policies, laws, and norms that create and reproduce patterns of discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"34 3","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}