Peipei Lu, Shuxiang Li, Caoyang Zhang, Xinyi Jiang, Jinghua Xiang, Hong Xu, Jian Dong, Kun Wang, Yuhua Shi
{"title":"Spinosin ameliorates osteoarthritis through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.","authors":"Peipei Lu, Shuxiang Li, Caoyang Zhang, Xinyi Jiang, Jinghua Xiang, Hong Xu, Jian Dong, Kun Wang, Yuhua Shi","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4033","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease in the elderly, while oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte degeneration plays a key role in the pathologic progression of OA. One possible reason is that the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which acts as the intracellular defense factor against oxidative stress, is significantly inhibited in chondrocytes. Spinosin (SPI) is a potent Nrf2 agonist, but its effect on OA is still unknown. In this study, we found that SPI can alleviate tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes. Additionally, SPI can effectively activate Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in chondrocytes under the TBHP environment. When Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA, the cartilage protective effect of SPI was also weakened. Finally, SPI showed good alleviative effects on OA in mice. Thus, SPI can ameliorate oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and exhibit a chondroprotective effect through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which may provide a novel and promising option for the treatment of OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11148693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuchang Feng, Zaoqiang Lin, Zeyong Tang, Lin Zhu, Shu Xu, Xi Tan, Xinyuan Wang, Jianling Mai, Qinxiang Tan
{"title":"Emodin improves renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis through the mediation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α).","authors":"Liuchang Feng, Zaoqiang Lin, Zeyong Tang, Lin Zhu, Shu Xu, Xi Tan, Xinyuan Wang, Jianling Mai, Qinxiang Tan","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3917","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health issue associated with high morbidity worldwide. However, there are only a few effective therapeutic strategies for CKD. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound from rhubarb, can inhibit fibrosis in tissues and cells. Our study aims to investigate the antifibrotic effect of emodin and the underlying molecular mechanism. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced rat model was established to evaluate the effect of emodin on renal fibrosis development. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to analyze histopathological changes and fibrotic features after emodin treatment. Subsequently, a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced cell model was used to assess the inhibition of emodin on cell fibrosis in vitro. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to validate the regulatory mechanism of emodin on renal fibrosis progression. As a result, emodin significantly improved histopathological abnormalities in rats with UUO. The expression of fibrosis biomarkers and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins also decreased after emodin treatment. Moreover, emodin blocked TGF-β1-induced fibrotic phenotype, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial homeostasis in NRK-52E cells. Conversely, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) silencing significantly reversed these features in emodin-treated cells. Collectively, emodin plays an important role in regulating PGC-1α-mediated mitochondria function and energy homeostasis. This indicates that emodin exhibits great inhibition against renal fibrosis and acts as a promising inhibitor of CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoyue Liu, Cunzhi Yin, Mingjiang Qian, Xuan Xiao, Hang Wu, Fujian Fu
{"title":"Erratum - LncRNA gadd7 promotes mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and apoptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells by positively regulating MFN1 in an <i>in vitro</i> model of hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury.","authors":"Guoyue Liu, Cunzhi Yin, Mingjiang Qian, Xuan Xiao, Hang Wu, Fujian Fu","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4058","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This corrects the article published in European Journal of Histochemistry 2023;67:3535. doi: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3535.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pleural mesothelioma from fluoro-edenite exposure: PACAP and PAC1 receptor. A preliminary report.","authors":"Claudia Lombardo, Grazia Maugeri, Agata Grazia D'Amico, Giuseppe Broggi, Rosario Caltabiano, Veronica Filetti, Serena Matera, Velia D'Agata, Carla Loreto","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3994","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleural mesothelioma is a devastating malignancy primarily associated with asbestos exposure. However, emerging evidence suggests that exposure to fluoro-edenite fibers, a naturally occurring mineral fiber, can also lead to the development of pleural mesothelioma. In this study, based on the hypothesis that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP-preferring receptor (PAC1R) expressions could be dysregulated in pleural mesothelioma samples and that they could potentially act as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, we aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of PACAP and PAC1R in pleural biopsies from patients with pleural mesothelioma exposed to fluoro-edenite fibers. A total of 12 patients were included in this study, and their biopsies were processed for immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the expression of PACAP and its receptor. The study revealed a correlation between the overexpression of PACAP and PAC1R and shorter overall survival in patients with malignant mesothelioma. These findings suggest that PACAP and PAC1R expression levels could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis of PACAP and PAC1R may provide valuable information for clinicians to guide therapeutic decisions and identify patients with poorer prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pretreatment with interleukin-15 attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.","authors":"Chaojie He, Yi Yu, Feifan Wang, Wudi Li, Hui Ni, Meixiang Xiang","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4019","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality in patients with sepsis. Cytokines are important regulators of both the initiation and progression of sepsis. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been linked to protective effects against myocardial infarction and myocarditis. However, the role of IL-15 in SIMD remains unclear. We established a mouse model of SIMD via cecal ligation puncture (CLP) surgery and a cell model of myocardial injury via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IL-15 expression was prominently upregulated in septic hearts as well as cardiomyocytes challenged with LPS. IL-15 pretreatment attenuated cardiac inflammation and cell apoptosis and improved cardiac function in the CLP model. Similar cardioprotective effects of IL-15 pretreatment were observed in vitro. As expected, IL-15 knockdown had the opposite effect on LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we found that IL-15 pretreatment reduced the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. RNA sequencing and Western blotting further confirmed that IL-15 pretreatment suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in mice with sepsis. Besides, the addition of NF-κB inhibitor can significantly attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to the control findings. Our results suggest that IL-15 pretreatment attenuated the cardiac inflammatory responses and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by partially inhibiting NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro, thereby improving cardiac function in mice with sepsis. These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy for SIMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Style head in Apocynaceae: a very complex secretory activity performed by one tissue.","authors":"Danielle Maximo, Diego Demarco","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.4027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2024.4027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuptial glands are very diverse and associated with different pollination mechanisms. The greater the specificity in the pollen transfer mechanism from anther to stigma, the greater the morphological elaboration of flowers and functional complexity of the nuptial glands. In Apocynaceae, pollination mechanisms reached an extreme specificity, a fact that was only possible due to an extreme morphological synorganization and a profusion of floral glands. Although these glands are of different types, the vast majority have secretory cells only in the epidermis. In general, these epidermal cells produce many different compounds at the same time, and previous studies have demonstrated that in the style head, the functional complexity of epidermis has become even greater. Four types of style head are found in the family, which have different degrees of functional complexity in relation to the secretion produced and pollen dispersal mechanism. The secretion is fluid in types I, II and III, and the pollen is dispersed and adhered to the pollinator by the secretion produced by the style head. In type IV, the secretion hardens and acquires a specific shape, moulded by the spatial constraints of the adjacent floral organs. This evolutionary alteration is accompanied by changes in the structure and arrangement of the secretory cells, as well as in pollen aggregation and position of stigma. Histochemical analysis has shown that the secretion is mixed and highly complex, especially in the style head type IV, where the secretion, called translator, is formed by a rigid central portion, which adheres to the pollinator, and two caudicles that attach to two pollinia. The translator has a distinct composition in its different parts. Further studies are needed to answer the new questions that have arisen from the discovery of this highly functional complexity of the secretory tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Feulgen reaction: from pink-magenta to rainbow fluorescent at the Maffo Vialli's School of Histochemistry.","authors":"Giuliano Mazzini","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3971","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For over a century, Palazzo Botta (Palace Botta) has housed the University of Pavia's Biomedical Institutes. Illustrious scientists have conducted research and taught at this Palace, making significant contributions to the advancement of natural, biological, and medical science. Among them, Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize for discovering the so-called \"black reaction.\" Following Golgi, the Palace continued to be a hub for the development of methodologies and reactions aimed at detecting and quantifying biological components. Maffo Vialli (in the Golgi stream) was the first to establish a Histochemistry Research Group, which began in the naturalistic field and later expanded to the biomedical area. Among the many histochemical studies initiated in the Palace, the Feulgen reaction undoubtedly played a significant role. This reaction, developed R. Feulgen and H. Rossenbeck in 1924, had significant international implications: numerous researchers then contributed to define its fine chemical details, which remained the subject of study for years, resulting in a massive international scientific literature. The Pavia School of Histochemistry also contributed to the evolution and application of this method, which has become a true benchmark in quantitative histochemistry. Giovanni Prenna and the CNR Centre for Histochemistry made significant contributions, as they were already focused on fluorescence cytochemistry. The Pavia researchers made significant contributions to the development of methodology and, in particular, instrumentation; the evolution of the latter resulted in the emergence of flow cytometry and an ever-increasing family of fluorescent probes, which somewhat overshadowed the Feulgen reaction for DNA quantification. The advent of monoclonal antibodies then contributed to the final explosion of flow cytometry in clinical application, almost making young neophytes forget that its roots date back to Feulgen.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lectins as versatile tools to explore cellular glycosylation.","authors":"Susan Brooks","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3959","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lectins are naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding proteins that are ubiquitous in nature and highly selective for their, often incompletely characterised, binding partners. From their discovery in the late 1880s to the present day, they have provided a broad palette of versatile tools for exploring the glycosylation of cells and tissues and for uncovering the myriad functions of glycosylation in biological systems. The technique of lectin histochemistry, used to map the glycosylation of tissues, has been instrumental in revealing the changing profile of cellular glycosylation in development, health and disease. It has been especially enlightening in revealing fundamental alterations in cellular glycosylation that accompany cancer development and metastasis, and has facilitated the identification of glycosylated biomarkers that can predict prognosis and may have utility in development of early detection and screening, Moreover, it has led to insights into the functional role of glycosylation in healthy tissues and in the processes underlying disease. Recent advances in biotechnology mean that our understanding of the precise binding partners of lectins is improving and an ever-wider range of lectins are available, including recombinant human lectins and lectins with enhanced, engineered properties. Moreover, use of traditional histochemistry to support a broad range of cutting-edge technologies and the development of high throughout microarray platforms opens the way for ever more sophisticated mapping - and understanding - of the glycome.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Pellicciari, Marco Biggiogera, Manuela Malatesta
{"title":"1954-2024: 70 years of histochemical research with the European Journal of Histochemistry.","authors":"Carlo Pellicciari, Marco Biggiogera, Manuela Malatesta","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3970","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Editorial celebrates the 70th anniversary of the European Journal of Histochemistry since its foundation as Rivista di Istochimica Normale e Patologica, and introduces a Special Collection of selected articles on the application of the histochemical approach for investigating cell biological features and processes in animals and plants, and under diseased conditions. The year 2024 is a special one for histochemists, as 100 years ago J.W. Robert Feulgen and H. Rossenbeck introduced the histochemical procedure for the specific stoichiometric staining of DNA in histological samples: to commemorate this influential publication, three papers in the present issue are devoted to the application of the Feulgen reaction at light and electron microscopy, and in cytometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giving bodies to ghosts: locating molecules in the very place where they exert their biological roles.","authors":"Ernesto Capanna, CarloAlberto Redi","doi":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3950","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ejh.2024.3950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews some of the goals of our investigations published over the years on Rivista di Istochimica Normale e Patologica, Basic and Applied Histochemistry, and the European Journal of Histochemistry - EJH. In a series of papers, we published some of the basic cytochemical features of the sperm cytodifferentiation process for the first time. This was a conceptual and practical prerequisite to the in situ quantitative evaluation of sperm DNA content. We showed that the discrepancy between the expected 1:2 ratio when comparing sperm versus somatic cell DNA content (sperm DNA content is always far low from the theoretical value) is due to DNA losses caused by the hydrochloric treatment entailed by the Feulgen reaction. The knowledge of the specific losses that occur during the various steps of the Feulgen reaction has allowed us to use it critically in Genome Size studies to highlight: - sperm aneuploidy in chromosomally derived subfertility; - the broad variability range of Mammalian genome sizes; - that termites are roaches (after decades of discussion on this topic). In addition, in a seminal paper on human oocytes, we showed (by transmission electron microscopy) a specific chromatin and cytoplasmic organization (both essential for further embryo development) linked to oocyte maturation arrest, a datum quite relevant to treating unmet therapeutic needs in human and veterinary reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50487,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Histochemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}