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Künstliche Intelligenz außer Kontrolle?: Interview mit Karl von Wendt 人工智能失控？卡尔-冯-温特访谈
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.64
Karl Von Wendt, R. Heil
{"title":"Künstliche Intelligenz außer Kontrolle?: Interview mit Karl von Wendt","authors":"Karl Von Wendt, R. Heil","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI and access to justice: How AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based barriers to justice 人工智能与诉诸司法：人工智能法律顾问如何减少诉诸司法的经济和羞耻障碍
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.21
Brandon Long, Amitabha Palmer
{"title":"AI and access to justice: How AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based barriers to justice","authors":"Brandon Long, Amitabha Palmer","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"ChatGPT – a large language model – recently passed the U.S. bar exam. The startling rise and power of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT lead us to consider whether and how more specialized systems could be used to overcome existing barriers to the legal system. Such systems could be employed in either of the two major stages of the pursuit of justice: preliminary information gathering and formal engagement with the state’s legal institutions and professionals. We focus on the former and argue that developing and deploying publicly funded AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based cultural barriers to the information-gathering stage of pursuing justice.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Timon, McPhearson; Nadja, Kabisch; Niki, Frantzeskaki (eds.) (2023): Nature-based solutions for cities 书评：Timon, McPhearson; Nadja, Kabisch; Niki, Frantzeskaki (eds.) (2023)：基于自然的城市解决方案
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.70
Jaewon Son, Somidh Saha
{"title":"Book review: Timon, McPhearson; Nadja, Kabisch; Niki, Frantzeskaki (eds.) (2023): Nature-based solutions for cities","authors":"Jaewon Son, Somidh Saha","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors in Berlin: Bürgerinnen- und Bürgergutachten zu wissenschaftlich erstellten Szenarien 柏林交通部门的去碳化：关于科学方案的公民报告
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.55
Moritz Kreuschner, Nora Bonatz, Tilmann Schlenther, H. Dienel, Kai Nagel
{"title":"Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors in Berlin: Bürgerinnen- und Bürgergutachten zu wissenschaftlich erstellten Szenarien","authors":"Moritz Kreuschner, Nora Bonatz, Tilmann Schlenther, H. Dienel, Kai Nagel","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"As part of this work, a citizens’ assembly was set up to obtain feedback on measures to decarbonize Berlin’s transport sector. The general goal of decarbonization was widely supported. Based on existing studies, discussions were held for private passenger transport, commercial passenger transport, freight transport, and all other transport modes. Agreement could be found on the decarbonization paths for all segments, with the exception of private passenger transport. For the latter, pull measures, like improvements of public transport or bike lanes, are generally accepted, going along with a general desire to switch to non-fossil fuels and to make the transport system in Berlin less car-oriented. Simulations show that pull measures will be far from sufficient to decarbonize private passenger transport. However, more effective push measures, such as higher prices or ban on fossil-fueled vehicles, did not yield clear majorities for this segment.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Borderline decisions?: Lack of justification for automatic deception detection at EU borders 边界决定？在欧盟边境进行自动欺骗检测缺乏正当理由
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.34
Daniel Minkin, Lou Therese Brandner
{"title":"Borderline decisions?: Lack of justification for automatic deception detection at EU borders","authors":"Daniel Minkin, Lou Therese Brandner","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2016 and 2019, the European Union funded the development and testing of a system called “iBorderCtrl”, which aims to help detect illegal migration. Part of iBorderCtrl is an automatic deception detection system (ADDS): Using artificial intelligence, ADDS is designed to calculate the probability of deception by analyzing subtle facial expressions to support the decision-making of border guards. This text explains the operating principle of ADDS and its theoretical foundations. Against this background, possible deficits in the justification of the use of this system are pointed out. Finally, based on empirical findings, potential societal ramifications of an unjustified use of ADDS are discussed.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI for decision support: What are possible futures, social impacts, regulatory options, ethical conundrums and agency constellations? 用于决策支持的人工智能：什么是可能的未来、社会影响、监管选择、伦理难题和机构组合？
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.08
Diana Schneider, Karsten Weber
{"title":"AI for decision support: What are possible futures, social impacts, regulatory options, ethical conundrums and agency constellations?","authors":"Diana Schneider, Karsten Weber","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Although artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Situativität, Funktionalität und Vertrauen: Ergebnisse einer szenariobasierten Interviewstudie zur Erklärbarkeit von KI in der Medizin 情景、功能和信任：关于人工智能在医学中的可解释性的情景访谈研究结果
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.41
M. Marquardt, P. Graf, Eva Jansen, S. Hillmann, Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons
{"title":"Situativität, Funktionalität und Vertrauen: Ergebnisse einer szenariobasierten Interviewstudie zur Erklärbarkeit von KI in der Medizin","authors":"M. Marquardt, P. Graf, Eva Jansen, S. Hillmann, Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"A central requirement for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is its explainability, i. e., the provision of addressee-oriented information about its functioning. This leads to the question of how socially adequate explainability can be designed. To identify evaluation factors, we interviewed healthcare stakeholders about two scenarios: diagnostics and documentation. The scenarios vary the influence that an AI system has on decision-making through the interaction design and the amount of data processed. We present key evaluation factors for explainability at the interactional and procedural levels. Explainability must not interfere situationally in the doctor-patient conversation and question the professional role. At the same time, explainability functionally legitimizes an AI system as a second opinion and is central to building trust. A virtual embodiment of the AI system is advantageous for language-based explanations","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"125 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI‑based decision support systems and society: An opening statement 基于人工智能的决策支持系统与社会：开幕词
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.9
Diana Schneider, Karsten Weber
{"title":"AI‑based decision support systems and society: An opening statement","authors":"Diana Schneider, Karsten Weber","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Although artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence in melanoma diagnosis: Three scenarios, shifts in competencies, need for regulation, and reconciling dissent between humans and AI 黑色素瘤诊断中的人工智能：三种情况、能力的转变、监管的必要性以及调和人类与人工智能之间的分歧
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.48
Jan C. Zoellick, Hans Drexler, Konstantin Drexler
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in melanoma diagnosis: Three scenarios, shifts in competencies, need for regulation, and reconciling dissent between humans and AI","authors":"Jan C. Zoellick, Hans Drexler, Konstantin Drexler","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Tools based on machine learning (so-called artificial intelligence, AI) are increasingly being developed to diagnose malignant melanoma in dermatology. This contribution discusses (1) three scenarios for the use of AI in different medical settings, (2) shifts in competencies from dermatologists to non-specialists and empowered patients, (3) regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and effectiveness and their consequences for AI tools, and (4) cognitive dissonance and potential delegation of human decision-making to AI. We conclude that AI systems should not replace human medical expertise but play a supporting role. We identify needs for regulation and provide recommendations for action to help all (human) actors navigate safely through the choppy waters of this emerging market. Potential dilemmas arise when AI tools provide diagnoses that conflict with human medical expertise. Reconciling these conflicts will be a major challenge.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cui bono? Judicial decision-making in the era of AI: A qualitative study on the expectations of judges in Germany Cui bono?人工智能时代的司法决策：关于德国法官期望的定性研究
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.14
Anna-Katharina Dhungel, Moreen Heine
{"title":"Cui bono? Judicial decision-making in the era of AI: A qualitative study on the expectations of judges in Germany","authors":"Anna-Katharina Dhungel, Moreen Heine","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Despite substantial artificial intelligence (AI) research in various domains, limited attention has been given to its impact on the judiciary, and studies directly involving judges are rare. We address this gap by using 20 in-depth interviews to investigate German judges’ perspectives on AI. The exploratory study examines (1) the integration of AI in court proceedings by 2040, (2) the impact of increased use of AI on the role and independence of judges, and (3) whether AI decisions should supersede human judgments if they were superior to them. The findings reveal an expected trend toward further court digitalization and various AI use scenarios. Notably, opinions differ on the influence of AI on judicial independence and the precedence of machine decisions over human judgments. Overall, the judges surveyed hold diverse perspectives without a clear trend emerging, although a tendency toward a positive and less critical evaluation of AI in the judiciary is discernible.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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