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TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis最新文献

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Artificial intelligence and judicial decision-making: Evaluating the role of AI in debiasing 人工智能与司法决策：评估人工智能在去伪存真中的作用
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.28
Giovana Lopes
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and judicial decision-making: Evaluating the role of AI in debiasing","authors":"Giovana Lopes","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"As arbiters of law and fact, judges are supposed to decide cases impartially, basing their decisions on authoritative legal sources and not being influenced by irrelevant factors. Empirical evidence, however, shows that judges are often influenced by implicit biases, which can affect the impartiality of their judgment and pose a threat to the right to a fair trial. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used for a variety of applications in the public domain, often with the promise of being more accurate and objective than biased human decision-makers. Given this backdrop, this research article identifies how AI is being deployed by courts, mainly as decision-support tools for judges. It assesses the potential and limitations of these tools, focusing on their use for risk assessment. Further, the article shows how AI can be used as a debiasing tool, i. e., to detect patterns of bias in judicial decisions, allowing for corrective measures to be taken. Finally, it assesses the mechanisms and benefits of such use.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Coeckelbergh, Mark (2022): The political philosophy of AI 书评：Coeckelbergh, Mark (2022)：人工智能的政治哲学
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.33.1.68
Michael W. Schmidt
{"title":"Book review: Coeckelbergh, Mark (2022): The political philosophy of AI","authors":"Michael W. Schmidt","doi":"10.14512/tatup.33.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.33.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overpromising in science and technology: An evaluative conceptualization 科技领域的过度承诺：评估概念化
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.60
Stefan Gaillard, Cyrus Mody, Willem Halffman
{"title":"Overpromising in science and technology: An evaluative conceptualization","authors":"Stefan Gaillard, Cyrus Mody, Willem Halffman","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.60","url":null,"abstract":"This research article examines overpromising in scientific discourse that may raise unrealistic expectations in order to gain trust and funding. Drawing on signaling theory, philosophy of promising, and science communication research, a conceptualization of overpromising is presented. This conceptualization facilitates the evaluation of promises in science and technology and highlights the importance of the knowledge context. Further research is needed to explore the broader dimensions and motivations for overpromising.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tech hype as a mnemonic process: Misremembering the land problem in India 作为记忆过程的技术炒作：误记印度的土地问题
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.28
C. Arora, Debarun Sarkar
{"title":"Tech hype as a mnemonic process: Misremembering the land problem in India","authors":"C. Arora, Debarun Sarkar","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"This research article considers tech hype as a mnemonic process that makes us remember or forget the world, technology, and the myriad ways we can relate to it. The argument is based on an auto-ethnographic vignette and a close reading of two key texts in the discourse on using technology for land management in India. The article shows how technology, the social, and the practice of knowledge-production can be rethought in this mock battle between hype and criticism of hype.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chatbots als pädagogische Herausforderung für Schule und Unterricht 聊天机器人对学校和课程的教学挑战
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.72
Johannes Gutbrod, Britta Klopsch
{"title":"Chatbots als pädagogische Herausforderung für Schule und Unterricht","authors":"Johannes Gutbrod, Britta Klopsch","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.72","url":null,"abstract":"Chatbots and artificial intelligence (AI) do not stop at schools. Integrating them beneficially into pedagogical settings is still an unfamiliar situation for schools and teachers. This article relates the fundamental pedagogical aspects of schools to digitalization and shows how the challenge of AI can be reconciled with the pedagogical approach to educational processes.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the journey of technology hype in the field of quantum technology 评估量子技术领域的技术炒作之旅
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.17
T. Roberson, S. Raman, Joan Leach, Samantha Vilkins
{"title":"Assessing the journey of technology hype in the field of quantum technology","authors":"T. Roberson, S. Raman, Joan Leach, Samantha Vilkins","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘second quantum revolution’ promises new technologies enabled by quantum physics and has been the subject of substantial hype. We show that while creating expectations has helped secure support for quantum research, their iterative effects can come to affect the field in concrete ways. These iterative impacts for quantum include emerging discussions about ethics and the delivery of promised outcomes. Such contestations could open up alternative quantum futures, but this will depend on how the ‘hype helix’ of iterative expectations unfolds.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"39 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology hype: Dealing with bold expectations and overpromising 技术炒作：应对大胆期望和过度承诺
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.10
J. Bareis, Maximilian Roßmann, Frédérique Bordignon
{"title":"Technology hype: Dealing with bold expectations and overpromising","authors":"J. Bareis, Maximilian Roßmann, Frédérique Bordignon","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the study of hype has become a productive but also eclectic field of research. This introduction provides an overview of the core characteristics of technology hype and distinguishes it from other future-oriented concepts. Further, the authors present promising approaches from various disciplines for studying, critiquing, and dealing with hype. The special issue assembles case studies, methodological and theoretical contributions that analyze tech hypes’ temporality, agency, and institutional dynamics. It provides insights into how hypes are triggered and fostered, but also how they can be deconstructed and anticipated.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can the history of Responsible Innovation help us live better with hype?: Interview with Danielle Shanley 责任创新的历史能否帮助我们更好地应对炒作？专访丹妮尔-尚利
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.86
Danielle Shanley, Maximilian Roßmann
{"title":"Can the history of Responsible Innovation help us live better with hype?: Interview with Danielle Shanley","authors":"Danielle Shanley, Maximilian Roßmann","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efforts against stem cell hype stuck in the logic of overpromising?: An essay on hype-conducive ways of doing ethics 反对干细胞炒作的努力陷入过度承诺的逻辑？一篇关于炒作道德的论文
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.66
Anja Pichl
{"title":"Efforts against stem cell hype stuck in the logic of overpromising?: An essay on hype-conducive ways of doing ethics","authors":"Anja Pichl","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.66","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on hype have had a strong focus on the role of science, media and markets in overstating potential benefits or risks of emerging science and technologies. Less attention has been paid to the role of ethics in creating or sustaining hype or alarmism. This research article focuses on how bioethical approaches as well as bioethicists’ relationship towards science contribute to stem cell and organoid hype. How (if at all) may ways of doing ethics fuel exaggerated expectations and could ethics be done differently? Understanding hype-conducive ways of how ethicists engage with science and technology is of relevance not only for the broader ethical community but also for technology assessment and science and technology studies where an increasing interest in normative dimensions of their object of study has been observed.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Omics and AI in precision medicine: Maintaining socio-technical imaginaries by transforming technological assemblages 精准医疗中的分子生物学和人工智能：通过改变技术组合保持社会技术想象力
TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.14512/tatup.32.3.48
Robert Meunier, Christian Herzog
{"title":"Omics and AI in precision medicine: Maintaining socio-technical imaginaries by transforming technological assemblages","authors":"Robert Meunier, Christian Herzog","doi":"10.14512/tatup.32.3.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.32.3.48","url":null,"abstract":"We understand precision medicine as a socio-technical imaginary according to Jasanoff. After briefly outlining how the imaginary of precision medicine emerged from the Human Genome Project and spread across national contexts, we raise the question of why the imaginary and the expectations and promises associated with it persist despite regular disappointment among practitioners about the failure of personalized healthcare. We argue that short-term technological hypes enable stakeholders to renew and maintain the promises of precision medicine. In our view, these hypes are around transformations of a technological assemblage. We discuss this in detail for omics and AI technologies and evaluate the recent transformations in light of the long-term imaginary of precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":504838,"journal":{"name":"TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis","volume":"73 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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