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Advanced undergraduate laboratory: exploring isotopic shifts in molecular spectroscopy 本科生高级实验室：探索分子光谱中的同位素偏移
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb2
Ye Fei, Yanpeng Ye, Qihang Zhang, Yuzhu Liu
{"title":"Advanced undergraduate laboratory: exploring isotopic shifts in molecular spectroscopy","authors":"Ye Fei, Yanpeng Ye, Qihang Zhang, Yuzhu Liu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb2","url":null,"abstract":"Current university physics curricula and pedagogical research lack the study of molecular spectrum and its isotopic effects. In light of this, and considering the simplistic architecture of CN molecules alongside the significance of carbon isotopes in atmospheric cycles and various other disciplines, we have developed an advanced molecular spectroscopy experiment tailored for upper-level undergraduate physics educational courses. Utilizing <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> as experimental mediums, this study delves into the exploration of molecular energy level transitions and isotopic effects within molecular spectra through the analysis of CN molecular emission spectra. Additionally, simulations of CN molecular energy level transitions were conducted using LIFBASE software, thereby deepening students’ grasp of molecular energy level quantization. This experiment uses molecular spectrum to realize the interpretation of energy level structure and isotope effects, which is groundbreaking and will add experimental reference and expansion to the teaching of atomic physics.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chiral media and optical rotatory dispersion by means of a simple polarimetric experiment for undergraduate students 通过为本科生提供的简单偏振实验，介绍手性介质和光学旋转色散
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad695d
Pablo Cortés, Gemma Piquero, J Carlos G de Sande
{"title":"Chiral media and optical rotatory dispersion by means of a simple polarimetric experiment for undergraduate students","authors":"Pablo Cortés, Gemma Piquero, J Carlos G de Sande","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad695d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad695d","url":null,"abstract":"A simple experiment taking into account media with natural optical activity and their characterization by means of Mueller polarimetry is proposed for undergraduate Optics and Photonics laboratories. The objectives are, first, to review how to characterize dielectric and homogeneous media with natural optical activity by means of a Mueller matrix, taking into account the variation of these characteristics with wavelength, and combining concepts such as polarimetry, natural optical activity, and rotatory dispersion. Secondly, a complete and simple experiment is proposed to characterize a chiral medium by means of its Mueller matrix for different wavelengths. This experiment can be performed by undergraduate students in a standard optics laboratory. As a particular example of a chiral medium, a quartz crystal is used. The experimental results are compared with those published for crystalline quartz to validate the experiment.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical disc structures and diffraction patterns: theoretical foundations and experimental applications 光盘结构和衍射图样：理论基础和实验应用
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb0
Yuhang Cheng, Li Zhang, Yaping Zhang
{"title":"Optical disc structures and diffraction patterns: theoretical foundations and experimental applications","authors":"Yuhang Cheng, Li Zhang, Yaping Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb0","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation advances the experimental exploration of optical discs’ diffraction phenomena, meticulously constructing optical pathways to ascertain the track pitch within the disc employing both transmission and reflection grating paradigms. Furthermore, this study devises a novel apparatus and methodology for the precise measurement of optical wavelengths, aiming to elucidate the intricate diffraction patterns and the underlying mechanisms of optical discs’ structure. This endeavor not only validates the methodological soundness and efficacy of the proposed approach but also pioneers new avenues for research into physics experiments leveraging optical discs. The application of optical discs in educational settings transcends traditional experimental pedagogy, fostering students’ capabilities to independently conceptualize experiments and delve into scientific explorations.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The advance of Mercury’s perihelion 水星近日点的提前量
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad54a5
Bertrand Berche and Ernesto Medina
{"title":"The advance of Mercury’s perihelion","authors":"Bertrand Berche and Ernesto Medina","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad54a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad54a5","url":null,"abstract":"A very famous ‘test’ of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) is the advance of Mercury’s perihelion (and of other planets too). To be more precise, this is not a prediction of General Relativity, since the anomaly was known in the 19th century, but no consistent explanation had been found yet at the time GTR was elaborated. Einstein came up with a solution to the problem in 1914. In the case of Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, the effect is more pronounced than for other planets, and observed from Earth; there is an advance of the perihelion of Mercury of about 5550 arc seconds per century (as/cy). Among these, about 5000 are due to the equinox precession (the precise value is 5025.645 as/cy) and about 500 (531.54) to the influence of the external planets. The remaining, about 50 as/cy (42.56), are not understood within Newtonian mechanics. Here, we revisit the problem in some detail for a presentation at the undergraduate level.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability of floating objects at a two-fluid interface 双流体界面漂浮物的稳定性
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad5ca8
Daniel M Anderson, Patrick R Bishop, Mark Brant, Gabriela Castaneda Guzman, Evelyn Sander and Gina Thomas
{"title":"Stability of floating objects at a two-fluid interface","authors":"Daniel M Anderson, Patrick R Bishop, Mark Brant, Gabriela Castaneda Guzman, Evelyn Sander and Gina Thomas","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad5ca8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad5ca8","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the stability of floating objects at a two-fluid interface through mathematical modeling and experimentation. Our models are based on standard ideas of center of gravity, center of buoyancy, and Archimedes’ Principle extended to the two-fluid scenario. We investigate floating shapes with uniform, two-dimensional cross sections and identify analytically and/or computationally a potential energy landscape that helps identify stable and unstable floating orientations. We compare our analyses and computations to experiments on floating objects designed and created through 3D printing. Additionally, the paper includes open problems for further study.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expanding wave packets and the quantum to classical transition 扩展波包和量子到经典的转变
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f35
John S Briggs
{"title":"Expanding wave packets and the quantum to classical transition","authors":"John S Briggs","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f35","url":null,"abstract":"The standard description of the transition from quantum to classical mechanics presented in most text books is the proof that the quantum expectation values of position and momentum obey equations of Newtonian form. This is the Ehrenfest theorem. It is combined with the requirement that wave packets remain localised to describe a single particle moving according to classical mechanics. Hence, the natural spreading of wave packets is viewed as a quantum effect. In contradiction to this view, here it is argued that the spreading, where different momentum components separate, is the signature of the quantum to classical transition. The asymptotic spatial wave function becomes proportional to the initial momentum space wave function, which mirrors exactly the well-known far-field diffraction pattern in optics. Trajectories, defined as the locus of the normals to the expanding wave front, are used to illustrate the transition from quantum to classical motion. Again this is the analogue of the wave to beam transition in optics. It is suggested that this analysis of the quantum to classical transition should be incorporated routinely into introductory quantum mechanics courses.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Playing lato–lato is difficult and this is why 玩拉图很难，原因就在于此
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad523a
Fansen Candra Funata and Zainul Abidin
{"title":"Playing lato–lato is difficult and this is why","authors":"Fansen Candra Funata and Zainul Abidin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad523a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad523a","url":null,"abstract":"Lato–lato, a pendulum-based toy gaining popularity in Indonesian playgrounds, has sparked interest with competitions centered around maintaining its oscillatory motion. While some find it easy to play, the challenge lies in sustaining the oscillation, particularly in maintaining both ‘up and down collisions.’ Through a Newtonian dynamics numerical analysis using Python (code by ChatGPT), this study identifies two equilibrium phases—phase 1, characterized by normal pendulum motion, and phase 2, the double collision mode—using the driven oscillation model. In addition, further analysis and discussion are done using the obtained numeric data. The difficulty in remaining in phase 2 highlights the intricate hand-eye coordination required, shedding light on the toy’s appeal and the skill it demands.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141518251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can a one-day event trigger interest in quantum physics at the university level? 为期一天的活动能否激发大学对量子物理学的兴趣？
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f33
Daria Anttila, Antti Lehtinen and Pekka Koskinen
{"title":"Can a one-day event trigger interest in quantum physics at the university level?","authors":"Daria Anttila, Antti Lehtinen and Pekka Koskinen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f33","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing second quantum revolution and the growing impact of quantum technologies on our society and economy are making quantum physics education even more important. Consequently, there is a lot of research on quantum physics education for university students and even the general public. However, studying quantum physics or any other topic is primarily voluntary and thus a matter of personal interest—and it can only grow from a seed planted earlier. Here, we describe and test how a one-day event designed to trigger interest and change perceptions about quantum physics among physics and mathematics students at the University of Turku, Finland succeeded in meeting its goals. The data was collected from participants through questionnaires and complementary interviews. We found that the event made attitudes and views toward quantum physics more positive, versatile, and realistic. Although the event was too short to notably or permanently elevate the phase of interest when evaluated externally on a four-level scale, self-evaluations still reported an increased interest for most participants. Thus, it appears that even a short event can cultivate the ground to make it fertile for maintaining and developing interest further, for example, by well-designed and -timed quantum physics curriculum.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetically anisotropic Hamiltonians: plane waves, Madelung streamlines and superpositions 动力学各向异性哈密顿：平面波、马德隆流线和叠加
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f34
M V Berry
{"title":"Kinetically anisotropic Hamiltonians: plane waves, Madelung streamlines and superpositions","authors":"M V Berry","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4f34","url":null,"abstract":"A Hamiltonian in two space dimensions whose kinetic-energy contributions have opposite signs is studied in detail. Solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation for fixed energy are superpositions of plane waves, with wavevectors on hyperbolas rather than circles. The local velocity (e.g. in the Madelung representation) is proportional to the kinetic momentum, i.e. local particle velocity, not the more familiar canonical momentum (phase gradient). The patterns of the associated streamlines are different, especially near phase singularities and phase saddles where the kinetic and canonical streamline patterns have opposite indices. Contrasting with the superficially analogous circular smooth solutions of kinetically isotropic Hamiltonians are wave modes that are anisotropic in position and also discontinuous. Pictures illustrating these phenomena are included. The occurrence of familiar concepts in unfamiliar guises could be useful for teaching quantum or wave physics at graduate level.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrating Python data analysis in an existing introductory laboratory course 在现有的实验入门课程中整合 Python 数据分析
IF 0.7 4区 教育学
European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad4fcc
Eugenio Tufino, Stefano Oss and Micol Alemani
{"title":"Integrating Python data analysis in an existing introductory laboratory course","authors":"Eugenio Tufino, Stefano Oss and Micol Alemani","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad4fcc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad4fcc","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we describe how we successfully incorporated data analysis in Python in a first year laboratory course without significantly altering the course structure and without overburdening students. We show how we created and used carefully designed Jupyter Notebooks with exercises and physics application examples that allow students to master data analysis programming in the laboratory course. We use these Notebooks to guide students through the fundamentals of data handling and analysis in Python while performing simple experiments. We present our teaching approach and the developed materials. We discuss the effectiveness of our intervention based on the results from pre- and post-course questionnaires and students’ group work. The results presented give insights about advantages and challenges of introducing computation at the early stage of the curriculum in a laboratory course setting and are informative for other instructors and the physics education research community.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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